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Epidemiology and genetic analysis of Oestrus ovis from slaughtered sheep in Sulaymaniyah province, Iraq

Aram Ahmad Mohammed

Aram Ahmad Mohammed

  • Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of SulaimaniSulaymaniyah, Iraq
  • Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University-SulaimaniyaSulaymaniyah, Iraq
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Mohammed, Aram Ahmad
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Taib Ahmed Hama Soor

Taib Ahmed Hama Soor

  • College of Health and Medical Technology, Sulaimani Polytechnic UniversitySulaymaniyah, Iraq
  • Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University-SulaimaniyaSulaymaniyah, Iraq
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Soor, Taib Ahmed Hama
  
25 mar 2025
Epidemiology and genetic analysis of Oestrus ovis from slaughtered sheep in Sulaymaniyah province, Iraq's Cover Image
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Pubblicato online: 25 mar 2025
Pagine: 51 - 58
Ricevuto: 29 set 2024
Accettato: 14 mar 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2025-0019
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© 2025 Aram Ahmad Mohammed et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Multiple partial mitochondrial COX1 gene sequence alignments of Oestrus ovis in sheep isolates in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. Nucleotide sequences recorded in the current study were labelled as OO(Suli-1)-H1–OO(Suli-5)-H5 with accession Nos PQ218938 – PQ218942
Multiple partial mitochondrial COX1 gene sequence alignments of Oestrus ovis in sheep isolates in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. Nucleotide sequences recorded in the current study were labelled as OO(Suli-1)-H1–OO(Suli-5)-H5 with accession Nos PQ218938 – PQ218942

Fig. 2.

Phylogenetic tree for sheep isolates of Oestrus ovis in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq determined using the neighbour-joining method based on partial mitochondrial COX1 gene sequences. The scale bar corresponds to a 2% variation in nucleotide sequences
Phylogenetic tree for sheep isolates of Oestrus ovis in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq determined using the neighbour-joining method based on partial mitochondrial COX1 gene sequences. The scale bar corresponds to a 2% variation in nucleotide sequences

The global GenBank accession numbers of O_ ovis and Chrysomya bezziana utilised for multiple sequence alignment and phylogeny

Parasite GenBank Accession No. Origin Host Reference
MW555828MW555829 Iraq Human Jabir and Alomashi, 2021 unpublished
MZ973002 Iran Sheep Rajabi et al. (38)
MW316742 Iran Human Keshavarz et al. (23)
KX268655 Iran Sheep bot fly Pape et al. (37)
Oestrus ovis MT124626 Türkiye Human Karademir et al., 2020 unpublished
MN845130 Croatia Human Pupic-Bakrac et al., 2019 unpublished
MG755264 Bosnia and Herzegovina Human Pejic et al., 2018 unpublished
ON000070 India Sheep Nagarajan et al., 2022 unpublished
KR820703 Brazil - Marihno et al., 2016 unpublished
OR440699 Mexico Human Olivera-Perez et al., 2023 unpublished
NC_059851 USA - Aleix-Mata et al., 2023 unpublished
Chrysomya bezziana MT787554 India Human Meghana et al., 2020 unpublished

Risk factors contributing to the prevalence of Oestrus ovis infestation in slaughtered sheep in Sulaymaniyah province, Iraq

Overall Number of heads examined 328 Number (%) of heads infested 73 (22.25) X2 (P-value)
Sex
Male 158 27 (17.08) 4.70 (< 0.05)
Female 170 46 (27.05)
Age
Young (≤1year) 142 23 (16.19) 5.31 (< 0.05)
Adult (> 1year) 186 50 (26.88)
Breed
Local breed 128 20 (15.65) 5.33 (< 0.05)
Imported breed 200 53 (26.50)

Oestrus ovis haplotype distribution patterns from sheep in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, based on mitochondrial COX1 gene sequences and accession numbers

Oestrus ovis haplotypes Number of samples (isolates) GenBank accession No.
OO(Suli-1)-H1 10 PQ218938
OO(Suli-2)-H2 8 PQ218939
OO(Suli-3)-H3 6 PQ218940
OO(Suli-4)-H4 4 PQ218941
OO(Suli-5)-H5 2 PQ218942

Monthly and seasonal prevalence variation of Oestrus ovis and its larval stages infestation in slaughtered sheep in Sulaymaniyah province, Iraq

Month Inf./n (%) MI L1 L2 L3 TLC Season Inf./n (%) X2 (P-value)
September/2023 5/29 17.24 3.20 3 5 8 16 Autumn 15/79 (18.98) 13.00 (<0.05)
October/2023 7/26 26.92 3.57 6 5 14 25
November/2023 3/24 12.00 4.00 0 3 9 12
December/2023 2/23 8.69 5.00 0 6 4 10 Winter 8/73 (10.95)
January/2024 1/25 4.00 7.00 0 3 4 7
February/2024 5/25 20.00 3.60 1 10 7 18
March/2024 9/30 30.00 1.44 1 5 7 13 Spring 20/88 (22.72)
April/2024 4/29 13.79 6.00 0 9 15 24
May/2024 7/29 24.13 2.71 2 4 13 19
June/2024 14/31 45.16 3.21 9 8 28 45 Summer 30/88 (34.09)
July/2024 10/30 33.33 3.30 9 11 13 33
August/2024 6/27 22.22 4.00 6 6 12 24
Total (%) 73/328 22.25 3.36 37 15% 75 30% 134 54% 246
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Argomenti della rivista:
Scienze biologiche, Biologia molecolare, Microbiologia e virologia, Scienze della vita, altro, Medicina, Medicina veterinaria
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