Effect of body condition score loss during the transition period on metabolism, milk yield and health in Holstein cows

1.Alharthi A., Zhou Z., Lopreiato V., Trevisi E., Loor J.J.: Body condition score prior to parturition is associated with plasma and adipose tissue biomarkers of lipid metabolism and inflammation in Holstein cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018, 9, 12, doi: 10.1186/s40104-017-0221-1. Alharthi A. Zhou Z. Lopreiato V. Trevisi E. Loor J.J. : Body condition score prior to parturition is associated with plasma and adipose tissue biomarkers of lipid metabolism and inflammation in Holstein cows . J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018 , 9 , 12 , doi: 10.1186/s40104-017-0221-1 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

2.Ayemele A.G., Tilahun M., Lingling S., Elsaadawy S.A., Guo Z., Zhao G., Xu J., Bu D.: Oxidative stress in dairy cows: insights into the mechanistic mode of actions and mitigating strategies. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1918, doi: 10.3390/antiox10121918. Ayemele A.G. Tilahun M. Lingling S. Elsaadawy S.A. Guo Z. Zhao G. Xu J. Bu D. : Oxidative stress in dairy cows: insights into the mechanistic mode of actions and mitigating strategies . Antioxidants 2021 , 10 , 1918 , doi: 10.3390/antiox10121918 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3.Barletta R.V., Maturana Filho M., Carvalho P.D., Del Valle T.A., Netto A.S., Rennó F.P., Mingoti R.D., Gandra J.R., Mourão G.B., Fricke P.M., Sartori R., Madureira E.H., Wiltbank M.C.: Association of changes among body condition score during the transition period with NEFA and BHBA concentrations, milk production, fertility, and health of Holstein cows. Theriogenology 2017, 104, 30–36, doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.07.030. Barletta R.V. Maturana Filho M. Carvalho P.D. Del Valle T.A. Netto A.S. Rennó F.P. Mingoti R.D. Gandra J.R. Mourão G.B. Fricke P.M. Sartori R. Madureira E.H. Wiltbank M.C. : Association of changes among body condition score during the transition period with NEFA and BHBA concentrations, milk production, fertility, and health of Holstein cows . Theriogenology 2017 , 104 , 30 – 36 , doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.07.030 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4.Bretzinger L.F., Tippenhauer C.M., Plenio J.L., Heuwieser W., Borchardt S.: Effect of transition cow health and estrous expression detected by an automated activity monitoring system within 60 days in milk on reproductive performance of lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2023, 106, 4429–4442, doi: 10.3168/jds.2022-22616. Bretzinger L.F. Tippenhauer C.M. Plenio J.L. Heuwieser W. Borchardt S. : Effect of transition cow health and estrous expression detected by an automated activity monitoring system within 60 days in milk on reproductive performance of lactating Holstein cows . J Dairy Sci 2023 , 106 , 4429 – 4442 , doi: 10.3168/jds.2022-22616 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5.Busato A., Faissle D., Küpfer U., Blum J.W.: Body condition scores in dairy cows: associations with metabolic and endocrine changes in healthy dairy cows. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 2002, 49, 455–460, doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2002.00476.x. Busato A. Faissle D. Küpfer U. Blum J.W. : Body condition scores in dairy cows: associations with metabolic and endocrine changes in healthy dairy cows . J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 2002 , 49 , 455 – 460 , doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2002.00476.x Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6.Caixeta L.S., Herman J.A., Johnson G.W., McArt J.A.A.: Herd-level monitoring and prevention of displaced abomasum in dairy cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2018, 34, 83–99, doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2017.10.002. Caixeta L.S. Herman J.A. Johnson G.W. McArt J.A.A. : Herd-level monitoring and prevention of displaced abomasum in dairy cattle . Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2018 , 34 , 83 – 99 , doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2017.10.002 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

7.Chebel R.C., Mendonça L.G.D., Baruselli P.S.: Association between body condition score change during the dry period and postpartum health and performance. J Dairy Sci 2018, 101, 4595–4614, doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13732. Chebel R.C. Mendonça L.G.D. Baruselli P.S. : Association between body condition score change during the dry period and postpartum health and performance . J Dairy Sci 2018 , 101 , 4595 – 4614 , doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13732 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

8.Cheng Z., Oguejiofor C.F., Swangchan-Uthai T., Carr S., Wathes D.C.: Relationships between circulating urea concentrations and endometrial function in postpartum dairy cows. Animals 2015, 5, 748–773, doi: 10.3390/ani5030382. Cheng Z. Oguejiofor C.F. Swangchan-Uthai T. Carr S. Wathes D.C. : Relationships between circulating urea concentrations and endometrial function in postpartum dairy cows . Animals 2015 , 5 , 748 – 773 , doi: 10.3390/ani5030382 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

9.Çolakoğlu H.E., Yazlık M.O., Pekcan M., Kaya U., Kaçar C., Vural M.R., Kurt S., Yıldırım M.M., Bas A., Küplülü Ş.: Impact of prepartum body condition score loss on metabolic status during the transition period and subsequent fertility in Brown Swiss dairy cows. J Vet Res 2019, 63, 375–382, doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0039. Çolakoğlu H.E. Yazlık M.O. Pekcan M. Kaya U. Kaçar C. Vural M.R. Kurt S. Yıldırım M.M. Bas A. Küplülü Ş. : Impact of prepartum body condition score loss on metabolic status during the transition period and subsequent fertility in Brown Swiss dairy cows . J Vet Res 2019 , 63 , 375 – 382 , doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0039 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10.Daros R.R., Eriksson H.K., Weary D.M., von Keyserlingk M.A.G.: The relationship between transition period diseases and lameness, feeding time, and body condition during the dry period. J Dairy Sci 2020, 103, 649–665, doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16975. Daros R.R. Eriksson H.K. Weary D.M. von Keyserlingk M.A.G. : The relationship between transition period diseases and lameness, feeding time, and body condition during the dry period . J Dairy Sci 2020 , 103 , 649 – 665 , doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16975 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

11.Daros R.R., Havekes C.D., DeVries T.J.: Body condition loss during the dry period: Insights from feeding behavior studies. J Dairy Sci 2021, 104, 4682–4691, doi: 10.3168/jds.2020–19481. Daros R.R. Havekes C.D. DeVries T.J. : Body condition loss during the dry period: Insights from feeding behavior studies . J Dairy Sci 2021 , 104 , 4682 – 4691 , doi: 10.3168/jds.2020–19481 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12.Deka R.P., Magnusson U., Grace D., Randolph T.F., Shome R., Lindahl J.F.: Estimates of the economic cost caused by five major reproductive problems in dairy animals in Assam and Bihar, India. Animals 2021, 11, 3116, doi: 10.3390/ani11113116. Deka R.P. Magnusson U. Grace D. Randolph T.F. Shome R. Lindahl J.F. : Estimates of the economic cost caused by five major reproductive problems in dairy animals in Assam and Bihar, India . Animals 2021 , 11 , 3116 , doi: 10.3390/ani11113116 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13.Edmonson A.J., Lean I.J., Weaver L.D., Farver T., Webster G.: A body condition scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 1989, 72, 68–78. Edmonson A.J. Lean I.J. Weaver L.D. Farver T. Webster G. : A body condition scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows . J Dairy Sci , 1989 , 72 , 68 – 78 . Search in Google Scholar

14.Esposito G., Raffrenato E., Lukamba S.D., Adnane M., Irons P.C., Cormican P., Tasara T., Chapwanya A.: Characterization of metabolic and inflammatory profiles of transition dairy cows fed an energy-restricted diet. J Anim Sci 2020, 98, skz391, doi: 10.1093/jas/skz391. Esposito G. Raffrenato E. Lukamba S.D. Adnane M. Irons P.C. Cormican P. Tasara T. Chapwanya A. : Characterization of metabolic and inflammatory profiles of transition dairy cows fed an energy-restricted diet . J Anim Sci 2020 , 98 , skz391 , doi: 10.1093/jas/skz391 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

15.Giannuzzi D., Toscano A., Pegolo S., Gallo L., Tagliapietra F., Mele M., Minuti A., Trevisi E., Marsan P.A., Schiavon S., Cecchinato A.: Associations between milk fatty acid profile and body condition score, ultrasound hepatic measurements and blood metabolites in Holstein cows. Animals 2022, 12, 1202, doi: 10.3390/ani12091202. Giannuzzi D. Toscano A. Pegolo S. Gallo L. Tagliapietra F. Mele M. Minuti A. Trevisi E. Marsan P.A. Schiavon S. Cecchinato A. : Associations between milk fatty acid profile and body condition score, ultrasound hepatic measurements and blood metabolites in Holstein cows . Animals 2022 , 12 , 1202 , doi: 10.3390/ani12091202 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16.Gobikrushanth M., Macmillan K., Behrouzi A., Hoff B., Colazo M.G.: The factors associated with postpartum body condition score change and its relationship with serum analytes, milk production and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Livest Sci 2019, 228, 151–160, doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.05.016. Gobikrushanth M. Macmillan K. Behrouzi A. Hoff B. Colazo M.G. : The factors associated with postpartum body condition score change and its relationship with serum analytes, milk production and reproductive performance in dairy cows . Livest Sci 2019 , 228 , 151 – 160 , doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.05.016 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17.Huang X., Hu Z., Wang X., Yang X., Zhang J., Shi D.: An improved single shot multibox detector method applied in body condition score for dairy cows. Animals 2019, 9, 470, doi: 10.3390/ani9070470. Huang X. Hu Z. Wang X. Yang X. Zhang J. Shi D. : An improved single shot multibox detector method applied in body condition score for dairy cows . Animals 2019 , 9 , 470 , doi: 10.3390/ani9070470 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

18.İssi M., Gül Y., Başbuğ O.: Evaluation of renal and hepatic functions in cattle with subclinical and clinical ketosis. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2016, 40, 7–52 doi: 10.3906/VET-1505-16. İssi M. Gül Y. Başbuğ O. : Evaluation of renal and hepatic functions in cattle with subclinical and clinical ketosis . Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2016 , 40 , 7 – 52 doi: 10.3906/VET-1505-16 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

19.Lefebvre R., Faverdin P., Barbey S., Jurquet J., Tribout T., Boichard D., Martin P.: Association between body condition genomic values and feed intake, milk production, and body weight in French Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2023, 106, 381–391, doi: 10.3168/jds.2022-22194. Lefebvre R. Faverdin P. Barbey S. Jurquet J. Tribout T. Boichard D. Martin P. : Association between body condition genomic values and feed intake, milk production, and body weight in French Holstein cows . J Dairy Sci 2023 , 106 , 381 – 391 , doi: 10.3168/jds.2022-22194 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20.León H.V., Hernández-Cerón J., Keislert D.H., Gutierrez C.G.: Plasma concentrations of leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin in relation to changes in body condition score in heifers. J Anim Sci 2004, 82, 445–451, doi: 10.2527/2004.822445x. León H.V. Hernández-Cerón J. Keislert D.H. Gutierrez C.G. : Plasma concentrations of leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin in relation to changes in body condition score in heifers . J Anim Sci 2004 , 82 , 445 – 451 , doi: 10.2527/2004.822445x Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21.Mann S., Urh C., Sauerwein H., Wakshlag J.J., Yepes F.A.L., Overton T.R., Nydam D.V.: Short communication: The association of adiponectin and leptin concentrations with prepartum dietary energy supply, parity, body condition, and postpartum hyperketonemia in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018, 101, 806–811, doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13752 Mann S. Urh C. Sauerwein H. Wakshlag J.J. Yepes F.A.L. Overton T.R. Nydam D.V. : Short communication: The association of adiponectin and leptin concentrations with prepartum dietary energy supply, parity, body condition, and postpartum hyperketonemia in transition dairy cows . J Dairy Sci 2018 , 101 , 806 – 811 , doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13752 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22.Meikle A., Kulcsar M., Chilliard Y., Febel H., Delavaud C., Cavestany D., Chilibroste P.: Effects of parity and body condition at parturition on endocrine and reproductive parameters of the cow. Reproduction 2004, 127, 727–737, doi: 10.1530/rep.1.00080. Meikle A. Kulcsar M. Chilliard Y. Febel H. Delavaud C. Cavestany D. Chilibroste P. : Effects of parity and body condition at parturition on endocrine and reproductive parameters of the cow . Reproduction 2004 , 127 , 727 – 737 , doi: 10.1530/rep.1.00080 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23.Mohamed E.S., Ibrahim M., Mustafa A., Mostafa K., Ibrahim E.S.: Influence of body condition score on blood metabolites and oxidative stress in pre-and post-calving of Friesian dairy cows in Egypt. Slov Vet Res 2019, 56, 22, doi: 10.26873/svr-759-2019. Mohamed E.S. Ibrahim M. Mustafa A. Mostafa K. Ibrahim E.S. : Influence of body condition score on blood metabolites and oxidative stress in pre-and post-calving of Friesian dairy cows in Egypt . Slov Vet Res 2019 , 56 , 22 , doi: 10.26873/svr-759-2019 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

24.Mohsin M.A., Yu H., He R., Wang P., Gan L., Du Y., Huang Y., Abro M.B., Sohaib S., Pierzchala M., Sobiech P., Miętkiewska K., Pareek C.S., He BX.: Differentiation of subclinical ketosis and liver function test indices in adipose tissues associated with hyperketonemia in postpartum dairy cattle. Front Vet Sci 2022, 8, 796494, doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.796494. Mohsin M.A. Yu H. He R. Wang P. Gan L. Du Y. Huang Y. Abro M.B. Sohaib S. Pierzchala M. Sobiech P. Miętkiewska K. Pareek C.S. He BX. : Differentiation of subclinical ketosis and liver function test indices in adipose tissues associated with hyperketonemia in postpartum dairy cattle . Front Vet Sci 2022 , 8 , 796494 , doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.796494 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25.National Research Council: Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th Edition, National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA, 2001. National Research Council : Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle , 7th Edition, National Academies Press , Washington, DC, USA , 2001 . Search in Google Scholar

26.Ospina P.A., Nydam D.V., Stokol T., Overton T.R.: Association between the proportion of sampled transition cows with increased nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate and disease incidence, pregnancy rate, and milk production at the herd level. J Dairy Sci 2010, 93, 3595–3601, doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3074. Ospina P.A. Nydam D.V. Stokol T. Overton T.R. : Association between the proportion of sampled transition cows with increased nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate and disease incidence, pregnancy rate, and milk production at the herd level . J Dairy Sci 2010 , 93 , 3595 – 3601 , doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3074 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

27.Ro Y., Choi W., Park J., Choe E., Kim D.: Changes in plasma pH and blood and urinary macromineral concentrations in experimentally induced hypocalcemic cows with Na2EDTA. J Vet Med Sci 2020, 82, 962–966, doi: 10.1292/jvms.20-0048. Ro Y. Choi W. Park J. Choe E. Kim D. : Changes in plasma pH and blood and urinary macromineral concentrations in experimentally induced hypocalcemic cows with Na2EDTA . J Vet Med Sci 2020 , 82 , 962 – 966 , doi: 10.1292/jvms.20-0048 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

28.Roche J.R., Kay J.K., Friggens N.C., Loor J.J., Berry D.P.: Assessing and managing body condition score for the prevention of metabolic disease in dairy cows. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2013, 29, 323–336, doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2013.03.003. Roche J.R. Kay J.K. Friggens N.C. Loor J.J. Berry D.P. : Assessing and managing body condition score for the prevention of metabolic disease in dairy cows . Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2013 , 29 , 323 – 336 , doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2013.03.003 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

29.Roche J.R., Meier S., Heiser A., Mitchell M.D., Walker C.G., Crookenden M.A., Riboni M.V., Loor J.J., Kay J.K.: Effects of precalving body condition score and prepartum feeding level on production, reproduction, and health parameters in pasture-based transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015, 98, 7164–7182, doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-9269. Roche J.R. Meier S. Heiser A. Mitchell M.D. Walker C.G. Crookenden M.A. Riboni M.V. Loor J.J. Kay J.K. : Effects of precalving body condition score and prepartum feeding level on production, reproduction, and health parameters in pasture-based transition dairy cows . J Dairy Sci 2015 , 98 , 7164 – 7182 , doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-9269 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

30.Schulz K., Frahm J., Meyer U., Kersten S., Reiche D., Rehage J., Dänicke S.: Effects of prepartal body condition score and peripartal energy supply of dairy cows on postpartal lipolysis, energy balance and ketogenesis: an animal model to investigate subclinical ketosis. J Dairy Res 2014, 81, 257–266, doi: 10.1017/S0022029914000107. Schulz K. Frahm J. Meyer U. Kersten S. Reiche D. Rehage J. Dänicke S. : Effects of prepartal body condition score and peripartal energy supply of dairy cows on postpartal lipolysis, energy balance and ketogenesis: an animal model to investigate subclinical ketosis . J Dairy Res 2014 , 81 , 257 – 266 , doi: 10.1017/S0022029914000107 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

31.Sharma N., Singh N.K., Singh O.P., Pandey V., Verma P.K.: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status during transition period in dairy cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2011, 24, 479–484, doi: 10.5713/ajas.2011.10220. Sharma N. Singh N.K. Singh O.P. Pandey V. Verma P.K. : Oxidative stress and antioxidant status during transition period in dairy cows . Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2011 , 24 , 479 – 484 , doi: 10.5713/ajas.2011.10220 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

32.Shehab-El-Deen M.A., Leroy J.L., Fadel M.S., Saleh S.Y., Maes D., Van Soom A.: Biochemical changes in the follicular fluid of the dominant follicle of high producing dairy cows exposed to heat stress early post-partum. Anim Reprod Sci 2010, 117, 189–200, doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.04.013. Shehab-El-Deen M.A. Leroy J.L. Fadel M.S. Saleh S.Y. Maes D. Van Soom A. : Biochemical changes in the follicular fluid of the dominant follicle of high producing dairy cows exposed to heat stress early post-partum . Anim Reprod Sci 2010 , 117 , 189 – 200 , doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.04.013 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

33.Shen L., Zhu Y., Xiao J., Qian B., You L., Zhang Y., Yu S., Zong X., Cao S.: Serum adipokines play different roles in type I and II ketosis. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020, 33, 1930–1939, doi: 10.5713/ajas.19.0728. Shen L. Zhu Y. Xiao J. Qian B. You L. Zhang Y. Yu S. Zong X. Cao S. : Serum adipokines play different roles in type I and II ketosis . Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020 , 33 , 1930 – 1939 , doi: 10.5713/ajas.19.0728 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

34.Shen X.Y., Min X.Y., Zhang S.H., Song C., Xiong K.: Effect of heavy metal contamination in the environment on antioxidant function in Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep in Southwest China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020, 198, 505–514, doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02081-3. Shen X.Y. Min X.Y. Zhang S.H. Song C. Xiong K. : Effect of heavy metal contamination in the environment on antioxidant function in Wumeng semi-fine wool sheep in Southwest China . Biol Trace Elem Res 2020 , 198 , 505 – 514 , doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02081-3 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

35.Shen X.Y., Song C.J.: Responses of Chinese merino sheep (junken type) on copper-deprived natural pasture. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020, 199, 989–995, doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02214-8. Shen X.Y. Song C.J. : Responses of Chinese merino sheep (junken type) on copper-deprived natural pasture . Biol Trace Elem Res 2020 , 199 , 989 – 995 , doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02214-8 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

36.Song Y., Wang Z., Zhao C., Bai Y., Xia C., Xu C.: Effect of negative energy balance on plasma metabolites, minerals, hormones, cytokines and ovarian follicular growth rate in Holstein dairy cows. J Vet Res 2021, 65, 361–368, doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-003. Song Y. Wang Z. Zhao C. Bai Y. Xia C. Xu C. : Effect of negative energy balance on plasma metabolites, minerals, hormones, cytokines and ovarian follicular growth rate in Holstein dairy cows . J Vet Res 2021 , 65 , 361 – 368 , doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-003 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

37.Vailati-Riboni M., Batistel F., Yambao R.R.C.S., Parys C., Pan Y.X., Loor J.J.: Hepatic cystathionine β-synthase activity is increased by greater postruminal supply of met during the periparturient period in dairy cows. Curr Dev Nutr 2019, 3, nzz128, doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzz128. Vailati-Riboni M. Batistel F. Yambao R.R.C.S. Parys C. Pan Y.X. Loor J.J. : Hepatic cystathionine β-synthase activity is increased by greater postruminal supply of met during the periparturient period in dairy cows . Curr Dev Nutr 2019 , 3 , nzz128 , doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzz128 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

38.Vargová M., Hromada R., Laktičová K.V., Pošiváková T., Benculák J., Kováč G.: Correlations between acute phase proteins and the body condition score. Acta Vet Brno 2017, 86, 339–344, doi: 10.2754/avb201786040339. Vargová M. Hromada R. Laktičová K.V. Pošiváková T. Benculá J. Kováč G. : Correlations between acute phase proteins and the body condition score . Acta Vet Brno 2017 , 86 , 339 – 344 , doi: 10.2754/avb201786040339 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

39.Vergara C.F., Döpfer D., Cook N.B., Nordlund K.V., McArt J.A., Nydam D.V., Oetzel G.R.: Risk factors for postpartum problems in dairy cows: explanatory and predictive modeling. J Dairy Sci 2014, 97, 4127–4140, doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-6440. Vergara C.F. Döpfer D. Cook N.B. Nordlund K.V. McArt J.A. Nydam D.V. Oetzel G.R. : Risk factors for postpartum problems in dairy cows: explanatory and predictive modeling . J Dairy Sci 2014 , 97 , 4127 – 4140 , doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-6440 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

40.Wang J., Zhang C., Zhao Q., Li C., Jin S., Gu X.: Metabolic profiling of plasma in different calving body condition score cows using an untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics approach. Animals (Basel) 2020, 10, 1709, doi: 10.3390/ani10091709. Wang J. Zhang C. Zhao Q. Li C. Jin S. Gu X. : Metabolic profiling of plasma in different calving body condition score cows using an untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics approach . Animals (Basel) 2020 , 10 , 1709 , doi: 10.3390/ani10091709 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

41.Wang Y., Huo P., Sun Y., Zhang Y.: Effects of body condition score changes during peripartum on the postpartum health and production performance of primiparous dairy cows. Animals 2019, 9, 1159, doi: 10.3390/ani9121159. Wang Y. Huo P. Sun Y. Zhang Y. : Effects of body condition score changes during peripartum on the postpartum health and production performance of primiparous dairy cows . Animals 2019 , 9 , 1159 , doi: 10.3390/ani9121159 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

42.Weber C., Hametner C., Tuchscherer A., Losand B., Kanitz E., Otten W., Singh S.P., Bruckmaier R.M., Becker F., Kanitz W., Hammon H.M.: Variation in fat mobilization during early lactation differently affects feed intake, body condition, and lipid and glucose metabolism in high-yielding dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2013, 96, 165–180, doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5574. Weber C. Hametner C. Tuchscherer A. Losand B. Kanitz E. Otten W. Singh S.P. Bruckmaier R.M. Becker F. Kanitz W. Hammon H.M. : Variation in fat mobilization during early lactation differently affects feed intake, body condition, and lipid and glucose metabolism in high-yielding dairy cows . J Dairy Sci 2013 , 96 , 165 – 180 , doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5574 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

43.Weber C., Losand B., Tuchscherer A., Rehbock F., Blum E., Yang W., Bruckmaier R.M., Sanftleben P., Hammon H.M.: Effects of dry period length on milk production, body condition, metabolites, and hepatic glucose metabolism in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015, 98, 1772–1785, doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8598. Weber C. Losand B. Tuchscherer A. Rehbock F. Blum E. Yang W. Bruckmaier R.M. Sanftleben P. Hammon H.M. : Effects of dry period length on milk production, body condition, metabolites, and hepatic glucose metabolism in dairy cows . J Dairy Sci 2015 , 98 , 1772 – 1785 , doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8598 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

44.Yang Q., Jiang Y., Fu S., Shen Z., Zong W., Xia Z., Zhan Z., Jiang X.: Protective effects of ulva lactuca polysaccharide extract on oxidative stress and kidney injury induced by D-galactose in mice. Mar Drugs 2021, 19, 539, doi: 10.3390/md19100539. Yang Q. Jiang Y. Fu S. Shen Z. Zong W. Xia Z. Zhan Z. Jiang X. : Protective effects of ulva lactuca polysaccharide extract on oxidative stress and kidney injury induced by D-galactose in mice . Mar Drugs 2021 , 19 , 539 , doi: 10.3390/md19100539 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

45.Yuan C., Tan D., Meng Z., Jiang M., Lin M., Zhao G., Zhan K.: The effects of sodium acetate on the immune functions of peripheral mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear granulocytes in postpartum dairy cows. Animals (Basel) 2023, 13, 2721, doi: 10.3390/ani13172721. Yuan C. Tan D. Meng Z. Jiang M. Lin M. Zhao G. Zhan K. : The effects of sodium acetate on the immune functions of peripheral mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear granulocytes in postpartum dairy cows . Animals (Basel) 2023 , 13 , 2721 , doi: 10.3390/ani13172721 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

46.Zhao W., Chen X., Xiao J., Zhao W., Chen X., Xiao J., Chen X.H., Zhang X.F., Wang T., Zhen Y.G., Qin G.X.: Prepartum body condition score affects milk yield, lipid metabolism, and oxidation status of Holstein cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2019, 32, 1889–1896, doi: 10.5713/ajas.18.0817. Zhao W. Chen X. Xiao J. Zhao W. Chen X. Xiao J. Chen X.H. Zhang X.F. Wang T. Zhen Y.G. Qin G.X. : Prepartum body condition score affects milk yield, lipid metabolism, and oxidation status of Holstein cows . Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2019 , 32 , 1889 – 1896 , doi: 10.5713/ajas.18.0817 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

47.Zinicola M., Bicalho R.C.: Association of peripartum plasma insulin concentration with milk production, colostrum insulin levels, and plasma metabolites of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci, 2019, 102, 1473–1482, doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-14029. Zinicola M. Bicalho R.C. : Association of peripartum plasma insulin concentration with milk production, colostrum insulin levels, and plasma metabolites of Holstein cows . J Dairy Sci , 2019 , 102 , 1473 – 1482 , doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-14029 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar