The herd-level prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in the goat population of Poland

Fig. 1.

Herds in which at least one goat positive for Fasciola hepatica in the MM3-SERO ELISA was found

Herd	Number of adult goats in the herd	Sample size (sample fraction (%))	Number of seropositive goats (weak/medium/strong infestation)	Within-herd seroprevalence (95% confidence interval) (%)
1	158	153 (96.8)	2 (2/0/0)	1.3 (0.4–4.6)
2	66	66 (100)	1 (1/0/0)	1.5 (0.3–8.1)
3	62	62 (100)	4 (4/0/0)	6.5 (2.5–15.5)
4	27	27 (100)	3 (2/1/0)	11.1 (3.9–28.1)
5	36	35 (97.2)	1 (1/0/0)	2.9 (0.5–14.5)
6	61	51 (83.6)	1 (1/0/0)	2.0 (0.4–10.3)
7	22	22 (100)	1 (1/0/0)	4.6 (0.8–21.8)
8	33	33 (100)	1 (1/0/0)	3.0 (0.5–15.3)
9	48	48 (100)	1 (1/0/0)	2.1 (0.4–10.9)
10	127	127 (100)	1 (1/0/0)	0.8 (0.1–4.3)
11	58	44 (75.9)	1 (0/1/0)	2.3 (0.4–11.8)

Geographical distribution of goat herds tested for Fasciola hepatica infection

Province	Number of herds tested serologically (% of 33 herds)	Number of seropositive herds / Number of tested herds	Number of herds tested coproscopically (% of 214 herds)
Małopolskie	2 (6.1)	2 / 2	35 (16.4)
Mazowieckie	1 (3.0)	0 / 1	33 (15.4)
Wielkopolskie	-	-	19 (8.9)
Warmińsko-Mazurskie	14 (42.4)	3 / 14	16 (7.5)
Podkarpackie	-	-	15 (7.0)
Śląskie	1 (3.0)	0 / 1	12 (5.6)
Pomorskie	1 (3.0)	0 / 1	11 (5.1)
Lubelskie	4 (12.1)	1 / 4	11 (5.1)
Łódzkie	-	-	11 (5.1)
Lubuskie	-	-	9 (4.2)
Kujawsko-Pomorskie	-	-	9 (4.2)
Dolnośląskie	-	-	8 (3.7)
Podlaskie	5 (15.2)	2 / 5	8 (3.7)
Świętokrzyskie	3 (9.1)	2 / 3	6 (2.8)*
Zachodniopomorskie	2 (6.1)	1 / 2	6 (2.8)
Opolskie	-		5 (2.3)

The analysis of risk factors for herd-level seropositivity for Fasciola hepatica infection in the goat population of Poland

Risk factor	Category	Number of seropositive herds/Number of herds in the category (seroprevalence (%))	P-value	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)
Herd size	Small	2 / 12 (16.7)	0.291	-
	Medium	7 / 17 (41.2)
	Large	2 / 4 (50.0)
Grazing on the pasture	Yes	9 / 31 (29.0)	0.104	0.08 (0.01–1.9)
	No	2 / 2 (100)
Access to water pools on the pasture	Yes	3 / 8 (37.5)	0.999	1.28 (0.24–6.7)
	No	8 / 25 (32.0)
Contact with sheep on the farm	Yes	4 / 10 (40.0)	0.696	1.52 (0.33–7.2)
	No	7 / 23 (30.4)
Contact with cattle on the farm	Yes	1 /6 (16.7)	0.637	0.34 (0.04–3.3)
	No	10 / 27 (37.0)