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The markers of stress in swine oral fluid

Marta Giergiel

Marta Giergiel

National Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyPuławy, Poland
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Giergiel, Marta
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Małgorzata Olejnik

Małgorzata Olejnik

Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Basic and Preclinical SciencesToruń, Poland
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Olejnik, Małgorzata
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Artur Jabłoński

Artur Jabłoński

Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Center of Translational MedicineWarszawa, Poland
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Jabłoński, Artur
 e 
Andrzej Posyniak

Andrzej Posyniak

National Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyPuławy, Poland
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Posyniak, Andrzej
  
02 dic 2021
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Categoria dell'articolo: Review article
Pubblicato online: 02 dic 2021
Pagine: 487 - 495
Ricevuto: 09 giu 2021
Accettato: 22 nov 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-0065
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© 2021 M. Giergiel et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

The concentrations of cortisol (A) and cortisone (B) in oral fluid of swine. In the box plots, the boundary of the box closest to zero indicates the 25th percentile, the line within the box marks the median, and the boundary of the box farthest from zero indicates the 75th percentile. The whiskers below and above the box indicate the minimum and maximum values, respectively. Results that differ statistically from the control are marked with an asterisk (*)
The concentrations of cortisol (A) and cortisone (B) in oral fluid of swine. In the box plots, the boundary of the box closest to zero indicates the 25th percentile, the line within the box marks the median, and the boundary of the box farthest from zero indicates the 75th percentile. The whiskers below and above the box indicate the minimum and maximum values, respectively. Results that differ statistically from the control are marked with an asterisk (*)

Fig. 2

The concentration of cortisol (A) and cortisone (B) in swine plasma collected at 8 a.m. The results of evaluation of samples from individual animals are presented, together with the mean of all results for the stressed and control groups. Statistically significant difference between the control and treated groups is marked with an asterisk (*). The results are presented for the five pigs which were sampled every other day throughout the experiment. Two other animals were excluded from blood sampling on some days due to extensive swelling of the injection site
The concentration of cortisol (A) and cortisone (B) in swine plasma collected at 8 a.m. The results of evaluation of samples from individual animals are presented, together with the mean of all results for the stressed and control groups. Statistically significant difference between the control and treated groups is marked with an asterisk (*). The results are presented for the five pigs which were sampled every other day throughout the experiment. Two other animals were excluded from blood sampling on some days due to extensive swelling of the injection site

Fig. 3

Alpha-amylase activity in swine oral fluid expressed in milliunits (mU). Statistically significant difference between the control and experimental group is marked with an asterisk (*)
Alpha-amylase activity in swine oral fluid expressed in milliunits (mU). Statistically significant difference between the control and experimental group is marked with an asterisk (*)

Fig. 4

Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in swine oral fluid, based on the trolox equivalent
Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in swine oral fluid, based on the trolox equivalent

The parameters of the mass-spectrometry detection of corticoids and their respective internal standards

Analyte Precursor ion (m/z) Fragment ion (m/z) Declustering potential Collision energy Ionisation
Prednisolone 405 295 −60 −45
405 329 −60 −25
Cortisol 407 331 −60 −25
407 297 −60 −45
Cortisone 405 329 −60 −20 Negative mode
405 301 −60 −30
Cortisol d4 411 335 −60 −60
Cortisone d8 413 337 −60 −24
Testosterone 289 109 100 35
289 97 100 28
Testosterone d2 291 99 100 31 Positive mode
Corticosterone 347 121 80 32
Corticosterone 347 311 80 24
Corticosterone d4 351 121 80 31
Lingua:
Inglese
Frequenza di pubblicazione:
4 volte all'anno
Argomenti della rivista:
Scienze biologiche, Biologia molecolare, Microbiologia e virologia, Scienze della vita, altro, Medicina, Medicina veterinaria
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