Phytoncides in the prevention and therapy of blackhead disease and their effect on the turkey immune system

Fig. 1

Mean values of production parameters and the mortality and culling rate in the laying production period (week 32 to week 56 of life) in a reproductive flock of turkeys treated for histomonosis diagnosed in the rearing period

Parameter		Turkey house
	P-1	P-2	P-3
Eggs/hen	112	117	119
Mortality and culling (%)	6.1	2.7	3.4
		P-1, P-2, and P-3
Fertility (%)		97
Hatchability (%)		85

Mean percentage of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes and IgM+ B cells ± SD in blood and spleen of turkeys from experiment I (n = 7)

		Blood					Spleen
Group	CD4+	CD8+	CD4+CD8+	IgM+	CD4+	CD8+	CD4+CD8+	IgM+
A1	16.95a ± 2.44	2.20 ± 0.38	0.57 ± 0.08	10.86 ± 0.99	34.80 ± 6.80	21.35 ± 6.14	1.32 ± 0.36	17.47a ± 2.21
A2	23.68b ± 4.88	2.19 ± 0.70	0.71 ± 0.17	11.55 ± 1.15	37.27 ± 7.38	25.15 ± 10.00	1.46 ± 0.37	20.85ab ± 2.10
A3	18.53ab ± 6.05	2.17 ± 0.42	0.57 ± 0.11	11.54 ± 0.98	33.15 ± 3.19	28.40 ± 8.49	1.55 ± 0.54	22.10b ± 3.32

Mean geometric titre of post-vaccination anti-ORT IgY antibodies in blood serum and %CV of turkeys from experiment II (n = 23)

	Day of vaccination		3 weeks post vaccination
Group	ORT (titre)	ORT (%CV)	ORT (titre)	ORT (%CV)
B1	128	137	2,312	64
B2	123	129	2,778	75
B3	125	134	1,567	54

Mean value ± SD of biochemical markers in blood serum of turkeys from experiment I (n = 10)

Group	ALT (U/L)	AST (U/L)	ALP (U/L)	CK (U/L)	LDH (U/L)	TP (g/L)
A1	15.83 ± 1.26	261.67 ± 14.39	2056.67 ± 110.32	1287.90 ± 260.08	942.00 ± 91.42	35.45 ± 2.26
A2	16.00 ± 2.10	250.50 ± 18.97	1768.83 ± 360.05	1450.92 ± 255.59	1002.83 ± 88.23	35.61 ± 1.65
A3	17.33 ± 3.39	275.33 ± 39.26	2311.33 ± 542.02	1934.52 ± 399.42	1034.17 ± 67.31	35.63 ± 4.25