Characterisation and antibiotic susceptibility profile of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile isolated from chicken carcasses
, , , , e | 11 ago 2020
INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO
Pubblicato online: 11 ago 2020
Pagine: 407 - 412
Ricevuto: 16 gen 2020
Accettato: 27 lug 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2020-0052
Parole chiave
© 2020 E.B. Bingol et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Primer sequence list used in the study
| Gene | Primers | Amplicon size | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| F: 5′-AAAGAAGCTACTAAGGGTACAAA-3′ | 230 bp | ||
| R: 5′-CATAATATTGGGTCTATTCCTAC-3′ | |||
| F: 5′-AGATTCCTATATTTACATGACAATAT-3′ | 369 bp | ||
| R: 5′-GTATCAGGCATAAAGTAATATACTTT-3′ | |||
| F: 5′-GGAAAAGAGAATGGTTTTATTAA-3′ | 160 bp | ||
| R: 5′-ATCTTTAGTTATAACTTTGACATCTTT-3′ | |||
| F: 5′-TGAACCTGGAAAAGGTGATG-3′ | 353 bp | ||
| R: 5′-AGGATTATTTACTGGACCATTTG-3′ | |||
| F: 5′-CTTATTGCAAGTAAATACTGAGAGTACTATATC-3′ | 490 bp | ||
| R: 5′-ACCGGATCTCTTGCTTCAGTC-3′ | |||
The distribution of determined ribotypes in terms of antibiotic susceptibility
| AMP | AMC | DA | IMP | MTZ | TE | VA | CTX | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RTs | n | S | I | R | S | I | R | S | I | R | S | I | R | S | I | R | S | I | R | S | I | R | S I | R |
| RT027 | 6 | 4 | 2 | - | 6 | - | - | 4 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 6 | 6 | - | - | 6 | - | - | 6 | - | - | - - | 6 |
| RT087 | 4 | 3 | 1 | - | 4 | - | - | 3 | 1 | - | - | - | 4 | 4 | - | - | 4 | - | - | 4 | - | - | - - | 4 |
| RT470 | 4 | 2 | 2 | - | 4 | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | 4 | 4 | - | - | 4 | - | - | 4 | - | - | - - | 4 |
| RT085 | 4 | 4 | - | - | 4 | - | - | 3 | 1 | - | - | - | 4 | 4 | - | - | 4 | - | - | 4 | - | - | - - | 4 |
| RT456 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | - | - - | 2 |
| RT020 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | - | - - | 2 |
| RT010 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - - | 1 |
| RT003 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - - | 1 |
| ML027 | 6 | 3 | 3 | - | 6 | - | - | 3 | 2 | 1 | - | - | 6 | 6 | - | - | 6 | - | - | 6 | - | - | - - | 6 |
| NR | 3 | 26 | 11 | 2 | 39 | - | - | 17 | 8 | 14 | 6 | 1 | 32 | 31 | - | 8 | 36 | 1 | 2 | 37 | - | 2 | 2 - | 3 |
| 9 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL | 69 | 48 | 19 | 2 | 69 | - | - | 39 | 14 | 16 | 6 | 1 | 62 | 61 | - | 8 | 66 | 1 | 2 | 67 | - | 2 | 2 - | 67 |
Susceptibility profiles of C. difficile isolates from chicken carcasses
| n | Susceptibility | AMP (%) | AMC (%) | DA (%) | IMP (%) | MTZ (%) | TE (%) | VA (%) | CTX (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible | 48 | 69 | 39 | 6 | 61 | 66 | 67 | 2 | |
| (69.6) | (100) | (56.5) | (8.7) | (88.4) | (95.7) | (97.1) | (2.9) | ||
| 19 | 0 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 69 | Intermediate | (27.5) | (0) | (20.3) | (1.4) | (0) | (1.4) | (0) | (0) |
| 2 | 0 | 16 | 62 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 67 | ||
| Resistant | (2.9) | (0) | (23.2) | (89.9) | (11.6) | (2.9) | (2.9) | (97.1) |
The distribution of the virulence genes and ribotypes of C. difficile isolates (n = 69)
| Toxigenic genes | Samples (%) | Ribotypes (nr) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tcdA+ | tcdB+ | cdtA/B+ | 17 (24.6) | 027 (6), 003 (1), ML#027 (6), NR* (4) |
| tcdA+ | tcdB+ | cdtA/B− | 14 (20.3) | 087 (4), 020 (2), NR (8) |
| tcdA+ | tcdB− | cdtA/B+ | 1 (1.5) | NR (1) |
| tcdA+ | tcdB− | cdtA/B− | 3 (4.4) | NR (3) |
| tcdA− | tcdB+ | cdtA/B+ | 13 (18.8) | NR (13) |
| tcdA− | tcdB+ | cdtA/B− | 11 (15.9) | 470 (4), 456 (2), NR (5) |
| tcdA− | tcdB− | cdtA/B+ | 0 (0) | ND** |
| tcdA− | tcdB− | cdtA/B− | 10 (14.5) | 010 (1), 085 (4), NR (5) |