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Nematicidal Effect of Eupatorium odoratum Linn. Aqueous Extract on Burrowing Nematodes (Radopholus similis) and its Application to Control Toppling Disease on Cavendish Banana (Musa acuminata)

Tran Thi Phuong Nhung
Tran Thi Phuong Nhung
 e 
Le Pham Tan Quoc
Le Pham Tan Quoc
   | 22 dic 2023
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Pubblicato online: 22 dic 2023
Pagine: 69 - 78
Ricevuto: 01 ago 2023
Accettato: 01 ott 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2023-0029
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© 2023 Tran Thi Phuong Nhung et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Effects of EAEO compared to fenamiphos and water control on rate of nematode infection of banana-root segments: residual nematodes in roots (A), nematodes egressing from roots (B)Values are the average of three replicates (mean ± standard deviation) and using Tukey’s HSD test to compare means; Bars with various letters (a, b, c, d, e, and f) are significantly different (p < 0.05)
Effects of EAEO compared to fenamiphos and water control on rate of nematode infection of banana-root segments: residual nematodes in roots (A), nematodes egressing from roots (B)Values are the average of three replicates (mean ± standard deviation) and using Tukey’s HSD test to compare means; Bars with various letters (a, b, c, d, e, and f) are significantly different (p < 0.05)

Figure 2.

Effects of EAEO compared to fenamiphos and water control on roots necrosis index (RNI) valuesValues are the average of three replicates (mean ± standard deviation) and using Tukey’s HSD test to compare means; Bars with various letters (a and b) are significantly different (p < 0.05)
Effects of EAEO compared to fenamiphos and water control on roots necrosis index (RNI) valuesValues are the average of three replicates (mean ± standard deviation) and using Tukey’s HSD test to compare means; Bars with various letters (a and b) are significantly different (p < 0.05)

Figure 3.

Effects of EAEO compared to fenamiphos and water control on root and corm fresh weight (RCFW)Values are the average of three replicates (mean ± standard deviation) and using Tukey’s HSD test to compare means; Bars with various letters (a, b, c, d, and e) are significantly different (p < 0.05)
Effects of EAEO compared to fenamiphos and water control on root and corm fresh weight (RCFW)Values are the average of three replicates (mean ± standard deviation) and using Tukey’s HSD test to compare means; Bars with various letters (a, b, c, d, and e) are significantly different (p < 0.05)

Mortality percentages of Radopholus similis as influenced by aqueous extract of leaves and stems of Eupatorium odoratum at different dilutions

Trait Treatments (mg DW·L−1)
water fenamiphos (4.65 mg·mL−1) EAEO12500 EAEO6250 EAEO3120 EAEO1560 EAEO780
Number of dead nematodes 129 ± 2.5a 761 ± 4.5k 723 ± 6.8f 624 ± 6.8e 512 ± 5d 409 ± 6.7c 282 ± 7.5b
Mortality (%) 16.1 ± 0.3a 95.1 ± 0.6k 90.1 ± 0.7f 78 ± 0.9e 64 ± 0.6d 51.1 ± 0.8c 35.3 ± 0.9b

Effects of the treatments on the growth parameters of banana plant

Trait Treatments (mg DW·L−1)
water fenamiphos (4.65 mg·mL−1) EAEO12500 EAEO6250 EAEO3120 EAEO1560 EAEO780
Pseudostem length (cm) 67.8 ± 2a 95.9 ± 3.1d 92.7 ± 2d 86.6 ± 2c 82.6 ± 2.1c 78.6 ± 2b 75.9 ± 2.4b
Girth (cm) 23.4 ± 1a 28.6 ± 1e 27.4 ± 1cde 28.2 ± 1.6de 26.6 ± 1.1bcd 25.4 ± 1.1bc 25.9 ± 1b
Leaf numbers 8.3 ± 0.6c 6.3 ± 0.6a 6.7 ± 0.6ab 7 ± 1ab 7.3 ± 0.6abc 7.7 ± 0.6bc 7.7 ± 0.6bc
Leaf area (cm2) 2071.7 ± 23.7a 2589.3 ± 36.6e 2510.3 ± 27.5d 2490.3 ± 34.8d 2397.7 ± 43.9c 2341 ± 29.5bc 2286.7 ± 36.3b

Components of aqueous extracts of leaves and stems of Eupatorium odoratum

Chemical compound Test Observations Presence in EAEO
Tannin (Braymer test) 2 mL extract + 2 mL H2O + 2–3 drops FeCl3 (5%) green precipitate +
Flavonoid 1 mL extract + 1 mL Pb(OAc)4 (10%) yellow +
Terpenoid 2 mL extract + 2 mL (CH3CO)2O + 2–3 drops conc. H2SO4 dark red +
Saponins (foam test) 5mL extract + 5 mL H2O + heat foam +
Steroids (Salkowski test) 2 mL extract + 2 mL CHCl3 + 2 mL H2SO4 (conc.) sepia circle at the junction −
Glycosides (Liebermann test) 2 mL extract + 2 mL CHCl3 + 2 mL CH3COOH purple to blue to green −
Alkaloids (Hager test) 2 mL extract + few drops of Hager’s reagent yellow precipitate +
Phenols 2 mL extract + 2 mL FeCl3 bluish color +
Coumarin 1 mL extract + 1 mL NaOH 10% yellow formation −
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Inglese
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