[
Barger, N.N., Herrick, J.E., Van Zee, J., Belnap, J., 2006. Impacts of biological soil crust disturbance and composition on C and N loss from water erosion. Biogeochem., 77, 247–263.10.1007/s10533-005-1424-7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Belnap, J., 2006. The potential roles of biological soil crusts in dryland hydrologic cycles. Hydrol. Process., 20, 3159–3178.10.1002/hyp.6325
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Belnap, J., Wilcox, B.P., Van Scoyoc, M.V., Phillips, S.L., 2013. Successional stage of biological soil crusts: an accurate indicator of ecohydrological condition. Ecohydrology, 6, 474–482.10.1002/eco.1281
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bowker, M.A., Eldridge, D.J, Val, J., Soliveres, S., 2013. Hydrology in a patterned landscape is co-engineered by soil-disturbing animals and biological crusts. Soil Biol. Biochem., 61, 14–22.10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.02.002
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cantón, Y., Chamizo, S., Rodriguez-Caballero, E., Lázaro, R., Roncero-Ramos, B., Román, J.R., Solé-Benet, A., 2020. Water regulation in cyanobacterial biocrusts from drylands: Negative impacts of anthropogenic disturbance. Water, 12, 3, 720.10.3390/w12030720
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chamizo, S., Cantón, Y., Lázaro, R., Solé-Benet, A., Domingo, F., 2012. Crust composition and disturbance drive infiltration through biological soil crusts in semi-arid ecosystems. Ecosystems, 15, 148–161.10.1007/s10021-011-9499-6
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chamizo, S., Cantón, Y., Rodríguez-Caballero, E., Domingo, F., 2016. Biocrusts positively affect the soil water balance in semiarid ecosystems. Ecohydrology, 9, 1208–1221.10.1002/eco.1719
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chen, N., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Yu, K., Zhao, C., 2018. Ecohydrological effects of biological soil crust on the vegetation dynamics of restoration in a dryland ecosystem. J. Hydrol., 563, 1068–1077.10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.06.076
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chenu, C., 1993. Clay- or sand-polysaccharide associations as models for the interface between micro-organisms and soil: water related properties and microstructure. Geoderma, 56, 143–156.10.1016/B978-0-444-81490-6.50016-9
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chung, Y.A., Thornton, B., Dettweiler-Robinson, E., Rudgers, J.A., 2019. Soil surface disturbance alters cyanobacterial biocrusts and soil properties in dry grassland and shrubland ecosystems. Plant soil, 441, 147–159.10.1007/s11104-019-04102-0
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Colica, G., Li, H., Rossi, F., Li, D., Liu, Y., De Philippis, R., 2014. Microbial secreted exopolysaccharides affect the hydrological behavior of induced biological soil crusts in desert sandy soils. Soil Biol. Biochem., 68, 62–70.10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.09.017
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Coppola, A., Basile, A., Wang, X., Comegna, V., Tedeschi, A., Mele, G., Comegna, A., 2011. Hydrological behaviour of microbiotic crusts on sand dunes: Example from NW China comparing infiltration in crusted and crust-removed soil. Soil Till. Res., 117, 34–43.10.1016/j.still.2011.08.003
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Eldridge, D.J., Zaady, E., Shachak, M., 2000. Infiltration through three contrasting biological soil crusts in patterned landscapes in the Negev, Israel. Catena, 40, 323–336.10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00082-5
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Eldridge, D.J., Reed, S., Travers, S.K., et al. 2020. The pervasive and multifaceted influence of biocrusts on water in the world’s drylands. Glob. Change Biol., 26, 10, 6003–6014.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Faist, A.M., Herrick, J.E., Belnap, J., Van Zee, J.W., Barger, N.N., 2017. Biological soil crust and disturbance controls on surface hydrology in a semi-arid ecosystem. Ecosphere, 8, e01691.10.1002/ecs2.1691
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Felde, V.J.M.N.L., Peth, S., Uteau-Puschmann, D., Drahorad, S., Felix-Henningsen, P., 2014. Soil microstructure as an under-explored feature of biological soil crust hydrological properties: Case study from the NW Negev Desert. Bio-divers. Conserv., 64, 133–140.10.1007/s10531-014-0693-7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gardner, W.R., 1958. Some steady-state solutions of the un-saturated moisture flow equation with application to evaporation from a water table. Soil Sci., 85, 4, 228–232.10.1097/00010694-195804000-00006
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gentili, F., Nilsson, M.C., Zackrisson, O., DeLuca, T.H., Sell-stedt, A., 2005. Physiological and molecular diversity of feather moss associative N2-fixing cyanobacteria. J. Exp. Bot., 56, 422, 3121–3127.10.1093/jxb/eri30916263908
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Guan, H.J., Liu, X.Y., 2019. Does biocrust successional stage determine the degradation of vascular vegetation via alterations in its hydrological roles in semi-arid ecosystem? Ecohydrology, 12, e2075.10.1002/eco.2075
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Havrilla, C.A., Chaudhary, V.B., Ferrenberg, S., Antoninka, A.J., Belnap, J., Bowker, M.A., … Barger, N.N., 2019. Towards a predictive framework for biocrust mediation of plant performance: A meta-analysis. J. Ecol., 107, 6, 2789–2807.10.1111/1365-2745.13269
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Herrick, J.E., Van Zee, J.W., Belnap, J., Johansen, J.R., Remmenga, M., 2010. Fine gravel controls hydrologic and erodibility responses to trampling disturbance for coarse-textured soils with weak cyanobacterial crusts. Catena, 83, 119–126.10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.007
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jiang, Z.Y., Li, X.Y., Wei, J.Q., Chen, H.Y., Li, Z.C., Liu, L., Hu, X., 2018. Contrasting surface soil hydrology regulated by biological and physical soil crusts for patchy grass in the high-altitude alpine steppe ecosystem. Geoderma, 326, 201–209.10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.04.009
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kakeh, J., Gorji, M., Mohammadi, M.H., Asadi, H., Khormali, F., Sohrabi, M., Eldridge, D.J., 2021. Biocrust islands enhance infiltration, and reduce runoff and sediment yield on a heavily salinized dryland soil. Geoderma, 404, 3, 115329.10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115329
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Keck, H., Felde, V.J.M.N.L., Drahorad, S.L., Felix-Henningsen, P., 2016. Biological soil crusts cause subcritical water repellency in a sand dune ecosystem located along a rainfall gradient in the NW Negev desert, Israel. J. Hydrol. Hydromech., 64, 133–140.10.1515/johh-2016-0001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kidron, G.J., 2016. Goat trampling affects plant establishment, runoff and sediment yields over crusted dunes. Hydrol. Process., 30, 2237–2246.10.1002/hyp.10794
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kidron, G.J., 2019. The dual effect of sand-covered biocrusts on annual plants: Increasing cover but reducing individual plant biomass and fecundity. Catena, 182, 104120.10.1016/j.catena.2019.104120
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kidron, G.J., Aloni, I., 2018. The contrasting effect of biocrusts on shallow-rooted perennial plants (hemicryptophytes): Increasing mortality (through evaporation) or survival (through runoff). Ecohydrology, 11, e1912.10.1002/eco.1912
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kidron, G.J., Yair, A., Vonshak, A., Abeliovich, A., 2003. Microbiotic crust control of runoff generation on sand dunes in the Negev Desert. Water Resour. Res., 39, 1108.10.1029/2002WR001561
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kidron, G.J., Wang, Y., Herzberg, M., 2020. Exopolysaccha-rides may increase biocrust rigidity and induce runoff generation. J. Hydrol., 588, 125081.10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125081
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lazarowitch, N., Ben-Gal, A., Šimůnek, J., Shani, U., 2007. Uniqueness of soil hydraulic parameters determined by a combined Wooding inverse approach. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 71, 860–865.10.2136/sssaj2005.0420
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ludwig, J., Wilcox, B., Breshears, D., Tongway, D., Imeson, A., 2005. Vegetation patches and runoff-erosion as interacting ecohydrological processes in semiarid landscapes, Ecology, 86, 2, 288–297.10.1890/03-0569
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mazor, G., Kidron, G.J., Vonshak, A., Abeliovich, A., 1996. The role of cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides in structuring desert microbial crusts. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 21, 121–130.10.1111/j.1574-6941.1996.tb00339.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mualem, Y., 1976. A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media. Water Resour. Res., 12, 513–522.10.1029/WR012i003p00513
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Paulsrud, P., Lindblad, P., 1998. Sequence variation of the tRNAleu intron as a marker for genetic diversity and specificity of symbiotic cyanobacteria in some lichens. Appl. Environ. Microb., 64, 310–315.10.1128/AEM.64.1.310-315.1998
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rodriguez-Caballero, E., Cantón, Y., Jetten, V., 2015. Biological soil crust effects must be included to accurately model infiltration and erosion in drylands: An example from Tabernas Badlands. Geomorphology, 241, 331–342.10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.03.042
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rossi, F., Mugnai, G., De Philippis, R., 2018. Complex role of the polymeric matrix in biological soil crusts. Plant Soil, 429, 19–34.10.1007/s11104-017-3441-4
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Šimůnek, J., van Genuchten, M.Th., 2000. The DISC Computer Software for Analyzing Tension Disc Infiltrometer Data by Parameter Estimation, Version 1.0, Research Report No. 145. U.S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Riverside, California.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Smettem, K.R.J, Clothier, B.E., 1989. Measuring unsaturated sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity using multiple disc permeameters. J. Soil Sci., 40, 563–568.10.1111/j.1365-2389.1989.tb01297.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
van Genuchten, M.Th., 1980. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44, 892–898.10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Vandervaere, J.P., Peugeot, C., Vauclin, M., Angulo Jaramillo, R., Lebel, T., 1997. Estimating hydraulic conductivity of crusted soils using disc infiltrometers and minitensiometers. J. Hydrol., 188–189, 203–223.10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03160-5
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wang, X.P., Young, M.H, Yu, Z., Li, X.R, Zhang, Z.S., 2007. Long-term effects of restoration on soil hydraulic properties in revegetation-stabilized desert ecosystems. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L24S22.10.1029/2007GL031725
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Warren, S.D., 2003. Synopsis: influence of biological soil crusts on arid land hydrology and soil stability. In: Belnap, J., Lange, O.L. (Eds.): Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management, vol 150, Ecological Studies. Springer, Berlin, pp. 349–360.10.1007/978-3-642-56475-8_26
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Warrick, A.W., 1992. Models for disc infiltrometer. Water Resour. Res., 28, 1319–1327.10.1029/92WR00149
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Weber, B., Büdel, B., Belnap, J., 2016. The role of biocrusts in arid land hydrology. In: Chamizo, S., Belnap, J., Eldridge, D.J., Cantón, Y., Issa, O.M. (Eds.): Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands. Ecological Studies. Springer, Berlin, pp. 321–326.10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0
]Search in Google Scholar
[
White, I., Sully, M.J., 1987. Macroscopic and microscopic capillary length and time scales from field infiltration. Water Resour. Res., 23, 1514–1522.10.1029/WR023i008p01514
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wooding, RA., 1968. Steady infiltration from a shallow circular pond. Water Resour. Res., 4, 4, 1259–1273.10.1029/WR004i006p01259
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wu, Y.S., Hasi, E., Wugetemole, Wu, X., 2012. Characteristics of surface runoff in a sandy area in southern Mu Us sandy land. Chinese Sci. Bull., 57, 2–3, 270–275.10.1007/s11434-011-4728-0
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Xiao, B, Hu, K.L., 2017. Moss-dominated biocrusts decrease soil moisture and result in the degradation of artificially planted shrubs under semiarid climate. Geoderma, 291, 47–54.10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.01.009
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Xiao, B., Sun, F.H, Hu, K.L, Kidron, G.J., 2019. Biocrusts reduce surface soil infiltrability and impede soil water infiltration under tension and ponding conditions in dryland ecosystem. J. Hydrol., 568, 792–802.10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.11.051
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yang, J.L., Zhang, G.L., Yang, F., Yang, R.M., Yi, C., Li, D.C., Zhao, Y.G., Liu, F., 2016. Controlling effects of surface crusts on water infiltration in an arid desert area of Northwest China. J. Soils Sediment., 16, 2408–2418.10.1007/s11368-016-1436-z
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yu, Z., Lü, H., Zhu, Y., Drake, S., Liang, C., 2010. Long-term effects of revegetation on soil hydrological processes in vegetation-stabilized desert ecosystems. Hydrol. Process., 24, 87–95.10.1002/hyp.7472
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zhang, Y.M., Belnap, J., 2015. Growth responses of five desert plants as influenced by biological soil crusts from a temperate desert. Ecol. Res., 30, 1037–1045.10.1007/s11284-015-1305-z
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zhuang, W.W., Serpe, M., Zhang, Y.M., 2015. The effect of lichen-dominated biological soil crusts on growth and physiological characteristics of three plant species in a temperate desert of northwest China. Plant Biol., 17, 1165–1175.10.1111/plb.1235926084731
]Search in Google Scholar