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First Report of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis (Nematoda: Criconematidae) on Tea Plantations in Iran

Negin Mirghasemi

Negin Mirghasemi

Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of GuilanRasht, Iran
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Mirghasemi, Negin
, 
Elena Fanelli

Elena Fanelli

Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Bari, Italy
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Fanelli, Elena
, 
Alessio Vovlas

Alessio Vovlas

Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Bari, Italy
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Vovlas, Alessio
, 
Alberto Troccoli

Alberto Troccoli

Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Bari, Italy
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Troccoli, Alberto
, 
Salar Jamali

Salar Jamali

Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of GuilanRasht, Iran
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Jamali, Salar
 e 
Francesca De Luca

Francesca De Luca

Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Bari, Italy
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De Luca, Francesca
  
15 dic 2024
First Report of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis (Nematoda: Criconematidae) on Tea Plantations in Iran's Cover Image
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Categoria dell'articolo: Research Paper
Pubblicato online: 15 dic 2024
Ricevuto: 05 set 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2024-0044
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© 2024 Negin Mirghasemi et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Light photomicrographs of Hemicriconemoides kanayensis. A: Male entire body; B: Female entire body. C: Female pharyngeal region; D: Female posterior region; E: Juvenile stage entire body; F-G: Male tail with spicules. (Scale bars: A, B = 100 μm; C-E, G = 20 μm, F = 50 μm).
Light photomicrographs of Hemicriconemoides kanayensis. A: Male entire body; B: Female entire body. C: Female pharyngeal region; D: Female posterior region; E: Juvenile stage entire body; F-G: Male tail with spicules. (Scale bars: A, B = 100 μm; C-E, G = 20 μm, F = 50 μm).

Figure 2:

Biplot of principal component analysis (PCA) based on of the morphometric characters of H. kanayensis from Iran (HkaI), compared with population previous descripted in literature: H. kanayensis from Japan (HkaJ), from Taiwan (HkaT); H. mangiferae from Taiwan (HmaT1 and HmaT2) and from India (HmaI); H. litchi from USA (HliU); H. cocophilus (HcoM) from Mozambique; H. chitwoodi from China (HchC) and from USA (HchU); H. paracamelliae (HpaC) from China; H. brachyurus (HbrJ) from Japan; H. pseudobrachyurus (HpbB) form Belgium; H. phoenicis (HphU1 and HphU2) from USA; H. parataiwanensis (HptP) from Papua New Guinea; H. fujianensis (HfuC) from China; H. strictathecatus from USA (HstU1 and HstU2).
Biplot of principal component analysis (PCA) based on of the morphometric characters of H. kanayensis from Iran (HkaI), compared with population previous descripted in literature: H. kanayensis from Japan (HkaJ), from Taiwan (HkaT); H. mangiferae from Taiwan (HmaT1 and HmaT2) and from India (HmaI); H. litchi from USA (HliU); H. cocophilus (HcoM) from Mozambique; H. chitwoodi from China (HchC) and from USA (HchU); H. paracamelliae (HpaC) from China; H. brachyurus (HbrJ) from Japan; H. pseudobrachyurus (HpbB) form Belgium; H. phoenicis (HphU1 and HphU2) from USA; H. parataiwanensis (HptP) from Papua New Guinea; H. fujianensis (HfuC) from China; H. strictathecatus from USA (HstU1 and HstU2).

Figure 3:

Phylogenetic tree of ITS of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis and Hemicriconemoides species. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from ITS sequence alignment under General Time Reversible (GTR) model across lineages along with a gamma (I+G) distributed rates across sites. Posterior probabilities greater than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.
Phylogenetic tree of ITS of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis and Hemicriconemoides species. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from ITS sequence alignment under General Time Reversible (GTR) model across lineages along with a gamma (I+G) distributed rates across sites. Posterior probabilities greater than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.

Figure 4:

Phylogenetic tree based on D2 to D3 expansion domains of the 28S rRNA gene of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis and Hemicriconemoides species. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from D2-D3 sequence alignment under General Time Reversible model across lineages along with a gamma distributed rates across sites (GTR+G). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.
Phylogenetic tree based on D2 to D3 expansion domains of the 28S rRNA gene of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis and Hemicriconemoides species. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from D2-D3 sequence alignment under General Time Reversible model across lineages along with a gamma distributed rates across sites (GTR+G). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.

Figure 5:

Phylogenetic tree based on Mitochondrial COI of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis and Hemicriconemoides species. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from COI sequence alignment under General Time Reversible model across lineages along with a gamma distributed rates across sites (GTR+G). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.
Phylogenetic tree based on Mitochondrial COI of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis and Hemicriconemoides species. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from COI sequence alignment under General Time Reversible model across lineages along with a gamma distributed rates across sites (GTR+G). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.

Supplementary Figure 1:

Phylogenetic tree based on 18S rRNA gene of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis and Hemicriconemoides species. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from partial 18S sequence alignment under General Time Reversible (GTR) model across lineages along with a gamma (+Γ) distributed rates across sites. Posterior probabilities greater than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.
Phylogenetic tree based on 18S rRNA gene of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis and Hemicriconemoides species. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from partial 18S sequence alignment under General Time Reversible (GTR) model across lineages along with a gamma (+Γ) distributed rates across sites. Posterior probabilities greater than 0.50 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.

Correlations between variables and components_

F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
L 0,290 0,345 0,238 −0,187 −0,459 −0,314 −0,165 −0,296 −0,184 −0,102 0,486
a 0,362 0,298 0,126 −0,431 0,107 −0,072 0,090 0,265 0,097 −0,499 −0,475
b −0,086 0,515 −0,249 −0,260 −0,288 0,454 −0,063 −0,064 0,349 0,408 −0,113
c −0,376 0,053 0,223 −0,220 0,356 −0,413 −0,466 −0,208 0,439 0,071 −0,041
V −0,307 0,290 0,421 −0,066 0,130 −0,042 0,371 0,574 −0,022 0,184 0,347
R −0,043 −0,343 0,415 −0,508 0,100 0,552 −0,185 −0,136 −0,278 0,018 0,075
Rex 0,421 −0,182 0,105 −0,071 0,245 0,048 0,502 −0,317 0,528 0,107 0,261
RV 0,390 0,012 −0,319 −0,002 0,334 0,140 −0,484 0,421 0,085 −0,008 0,443
Ran 0,144 0,497 0,078 0,234 0,574 0,096 0,023 −0,348 −0,413 0,170 −0,108
ST 0,418 −0,188 0,230 −0,031 −0,113 −0,279 −0,126 0,214 −0,096 0,681 −0,333
T 0,125 0,082 0,543 0,584 −0,166 0,321 −0,264 0,053 0,314 −0,175 −0,097

Morphometric data of male of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis_ All measurements are in μm and in the form: mean ± s_d_

Character This study, Iran Chen et al. 2007, Taiwan (Pinglin) Chen et al. 2007, Taiwan (Rueisuei) Nakasono & Ichinohe 1961, Japan
N 8 8 8 7
L 437 ± 29 (396–473) 420 ± 10 (400–440) 430 ± 30 (400–460) 457 (422–489)
a 27.6 ± 1.7 (25.9–29.5) 28.9 ± 2.9 (24.7–33.9) 29.8 ± 2.3 (26.7–33.9) 29.7–32.6
c 15 ± 1.06 (13.9–16.6) 15.5 ± 1.1 (13.8–17.5) 16.4 ± 1.2 (14.8–17.9) 14.6 (14.6–15.1)
c′ 2.37 ± 0.26 (2.14–2.61) 2.6 ± 0.2 (2.2–2.8) 2.6 ± 0.2 (2.1–2.7) -
EP 91 ± 7 (83–100) 99 ± 5 (92–107) 86
Max. body diam 15.9 ± 1.24 (14.6–17.7) - - -
Anal body diam. (ABD) 12.5 ± 1.16 (11.5–13.6) 10 ± 1 (10–11) 10 ± 1 (10–11) -
Tail length (T) 29.3 ± 2.74 (26.2–33) 27 ± 2 (24–31) 26 ± 2 (23–29) -
Spicule 23.1 ± 1.81 (20.5–24.6) 26.5 (n=4) (25.7–26.7) 25.4 ± 1.1 (24.2–27.0) 23.8
Gubernaculum 4.83 ± 1.16 (3.7–6.9) - - -

Morphometrics of Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis Nakasono & Ichinohe, 1961_ female_ All measurements are in μm and in the form: mean ± s_d_ (range)_

Character This study Iran Maria et al., 2018 China Nakasono & Ichinohe, 1961 Hangzhou Japan (Type Pop.) Germani & Anderson, 1991 Taiwan Chen et al., 2007 Taiwan
N 10 15 20 12 *
L 494 ± 41.77 (409–560) 601 ± 43.2 (500–663) 571 (500–631) 510 (470–540) (430–600)
Rst 24 ± 1.71 (21–27) 21.6 ± 1.0 (20.0–24.0) - - -
ROes 35 ±1.89 (33–39) 30.4 ± 1.3 (29.0–33.0) - - -
Rex 35 ± 2.2 (31–35) 33.2 ± 1.3 (31.0–36.0) 37 (30–44) 35 (31–38) (35–41)
Rv 16.4 ± 14 (15–19) 15.1 ± 1.1 (14.0–17.0) 18 (16–21) 17 (16–18) (13–19)
Rvan 5 ± 0.5 (5–6) 4.8 ± 0.7 (4.0–6.0) - - -
Ran 12 ±1.7 (11–17) 10.3 ± 0.6 (9.0–11.0) 12 (11–15) 10 (8–11) (9–13)
a 14.6 ± 1.3 (11.–16.8) 20.5 ± 1.9 (17.6–24.4) 21.5 (18.7–24.4) 17.3 (15.8–18.4) (14.8–20.7)
b 4.6 ± 0.44 (3.9–5.2) 5.0 ± 0.3 (4.6–5.8) 4.8 (3.3–5.6) 4.8 (4.4–5.3) (3.6–5.3)
c 14.5 ± 1.4 (13.6–16.6) 15.7 ± 1.2 (13.9–17.8) 14.3 (11.5–16.8) 12.9 (12–14.7) (11.8–18.3)
c’ 1.84 ± 0.18 (1.5–2.1) 2.0 ± 0.1 (1.8–2.3) - - (1.5-2.5)
m 83.2 ± (81.3–85) 87.3 ± 1.3 (84.9–89.1) - - -
V 89.1 ± 1.5 (88.4–90.7) 93.0 ± 0.6 (92.1–94.4) 88.9 (87.5–91.5) 88.3 (86.4–89.2) (87.3–90.5)
VL/VB 2.26 ± 0.23 (1.95–2.7) 1.8 ± 0.1 (1.6–2.1) - - -
Stylet 70.9 ± 4.6 (65.9–78.2) 76 ± 2.7 (72–82) 74 (66–79) 75 (66–78) (69–79)
ST%L 6.9 ± 1.2 (6.2–7.1) 12.6 ± 0.9 (11.4–14.4) - - -
Stylet knob length 2.6 ± 0.41 (2–3.3) 3.3 ± 0.4 (3.0–4.2) - - -
Stylet knob width 6.83 ± 0.79 (6–8.8) 6.7 ± 0.4 (5.9–7.5) - - -
DGO 5.4 ± 0.3 (5.1–5.9) 5.9 ± 0.5 (5.1–6.5) - - -
Pharynx 107 ± 9.8 (104.5–116.3) 119 ± 6.3 (107–129) - - -
Anterior to excretory pore 98.9 ±10.7 (88.3–116) 130 ± 6.4 (115–138) - - (92–144)
Max. body diam 33.9 ± 1.7 (31–36) 29.5 ± 2.4 (26.0–34.0) 27 (22–29) - -
Vulva body diam. (VD) 22 ± 1.8 (20.7–25.5) 22.8 ± 1.3 (20.0–25.0) - - (18–29)
Vulva to tail tip 49.9 ± 7.35 (42–69) 42 ± 3.0 (36–46) - - -
Anal body diam. (ABD) 17.9 ± 1.59 (16–21.3) 19.3 ± 1.1 (17.0–21.5) - - -
Tail length (T) 34.3 ± 4.16 (26.6–40) 38 ± 3.0 (33–46) - - -
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