Accesso libero

Taxonomy of Tobrilidae species from the Alkaline Lakes of the western Nebraska Sandhills

Peter G. Mullin

Peter G. Mullin

Department of Plant Pathology, University of NebraskaLincoln,
Cerca questo autore su
Sciendo|Google Scholar
Mullin, Peter G.
, 
Timothy Harris

Timothy Harris

Department of Plant Pathology, University of NebraskaLincoln,
Cerca questo autore su
Sciendo|Google Scholar
Harris, Timothy
, 
Rebecca Higgins

Rebecca Higgins

Department of Plant Pathology, University of NebraskaLincoln,
Cerca questo autore su
Sciendo|Google Scholar
Higgins, Rebecca
, 
Enakshy Dutta

Enakshy Dutta

Department of Statistics, University of NebraskaLincoln,
Cerca questo autore su
Sciendo|Google Scholar
Dutta, Enakshy
, 
Dorota L. Porazinska

Dorota L. Porazinska

Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, IFASGainesville,
Cerca questo autore su
Sciendo|Google Scholar
Porazinska, Dorota L.
, 
Kirsten Powers

Kirsten Powers

Department of Plant Pathology, University of NebraskaLincoln,
Cerca questo autore su
Sciendo|Google Scholar
Powers, Kirsten
 e 
Thomas Powers

Thomas Powers

Department of Plant Pathology, University of NebraskaLincoln,
Cerca questo autore su
Sciendo|Google Scholar
Powers, Thomas
  
24 ago 2024
Taxonomy of Tobrilidae species from the Alkaline Lakes of the western Nebraska Sandhills's Cover Image
INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO
Articolo precedente
Articolo Successivo
Cita
Scarica la copertina
Categoria dell'articolo: Research Paper
Pubblicato online: 24 ago 2024
Ricevuto: 10 mag 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2024-0025
Parole chiave
© 2024 Peter G. Mullin et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Map of Nebraska with the Sandhills region outlined. Area of research on the alkaline lakes in this region is indicated in an enlarged map inset. A second enlarged map inset shows the area of research in eastern Nebraska on an agrichemical contamination site. Red circles indicate the location of sample collections from the stream sediment.
Map of Nebraska with the Sandhills region outlined. Area of research on the alkaline lakes in this region is indicated in an enlarged map inset. A second enlarged map inset shows the area of research in eastern Nebraska on an agrichemical contamination site. Red circles indicate the location of sample collections from the stream sediment.

Figure 2.

llustration of selected characters in Tobrilidae. A) Female heads (NID 12586, 13994) with teeth and tooth distance annotated. B) Female heads with differing tooth pocket arrangements. C) Male (NID 12533) posterior illustrating the numbering of supplements from the cloacal opening forward, with I designating the most posterior supplement and VII the most anterior.
llustration of selected characters in Tobrilidae. A) Female heads (NID 12586, 13994) with teeth and tooth distance annotated. B) Female heads with differing tooth pocket arrangements. C) Male (NID 12533) posterior illustrating the numbering of supplements from the cloacal opening forward, with I designating the most posterior supplement and VII the most anterior.

Figure 3.

A maximum likelihood COI phylogenetic tree of 90 Nebraska specimens and 21 GenBank accessions. Highlighting in labels indicates lake pH. Green equals neutral, orange equals pH >8.5. Blue boxes around labels identify three specimens that display incongruence between COI and 18S trees. Nematode Identification numbers (NID) start with the prefix N followed by the number of the specimen.
A maximum likelihood COI phylogenetic tree of 90 Nebraska specimens and 21 GenBank accessions. Highlighting in labels indicates lake pH. Green equals neutral, orange equals pH >8.5. Blue boxes around labels identify three specimens that display incongruence between COI and 18S trees. Nematode Identification numbers (NID) start with the prefix N followed by the number of the specimen.

Figure 4.

Comparison of the heads of specimens from each of the six Haplotype Groups, with their identification number and lake from which they were collected. Stoma shape, pockets, and tooth distance are featured. Blue box indicates incongruent specimen between COI and 18S trees.
Comparison of the heads of specimens from each of the six Haplotype Groups, with their identification number and lake from which they were collected. Stoma shape, pockets, and tooth distance are featured. Blue box indicates incongruent specimen between COI and 18S trees.

Figure 5.

Comparison of male spicules and supplements from haplotype groups one through six. The nematode identification (NID) number and collection location are shown for each. Groups 1, 4, and 5 have supplements that do not conspicuously protrude from the cuticle surface. Groups 2, 3, and 6 have protruding supplements. Group 4 has notably long spicules compared to other groups. The blue box around the label for NID 12595 denotes a specimen incongruent for COI and 18S trees.
Comparison of male spicules and supplements from haplotype groups one through six. The nematode identification (NID) number and collection location are shown for each. Groups 1, 4, and 5 have supplements that do not conspicuously protrude from the cuticle surface. Groups 2, 3, and 6 have protruding supplements. Group 4 has notably long spicules compared to other groups. The blue box around the label for NID 12595 denotes a specimen incongruent for COI and 18S trees.

Figure 6.

Scanning electron micrographs of the male posterior region showing the intersupplementary structures known as micropapillae. A, B) NID 4829 from Border Lake, micropapillae in ventral view appear as four ridges between supplements; C) NID 4841 from Border Lake, micropapillae in lateral view appear as small bumps or papillae.
Scanning electron micrographs of the male posterior region showing the intersupplementary structures known as micropapillae. A, B) NID 4829 from Border Lake, micropapillae in ventral view appear as four ridges between supplements; C) NID 4841 from Border Lake, micropapillae in lateral view appear as small bumps or papillae.

Figure 7.

Scanning electron micrographs of Group 4 male spicules, all from Gimlet Lake, displaying possible pores at the tip. A) NID 4913 tail and close-up of spicules; B) NID 4926 posterior and close-up of spicules; C) NID 4899 spicules.
Scanning electron micrographs of Group 4 male spicules, all from Gimlet Lake, displaying possible pores at the tip. A) NID 4913 tail and close-up of spicules; B) NID 4926 posterior and close-up of spicules; C) NID 4899 spicules.

Figure 8.

Comparison of the musculature associated with the vaginal canal in haplotype groups one through six. The Tobrilinae, Groups 1 and 5, display weak or poorly developed vaginal musculature. Group 3 appears to have moderately developed musculature, and Groups 2, 4, and 6 are all characterized by strongly developed muscles arranged in a multi-layered, bulb-like configuration. Blue box around NID 12574 indicates incongruent specimen with respect to the COI and 18S trees and has a strong, bulb-like musculature characteristic of Group 2.
Comparison of the musculature associated with the vaginal canal in haplotype groups one through six. The Tobrilinae, Groups 1 and 5, display weak or poorly developed vaginal musculature. Group 3 appears to have moderately developed musculature, and Groups 2, 4, and 6 are all characterized by strongly developed muscles arranged in a multi-layered, bulb-like configuration. Blue box around NID 12574 indicates incongruent specimen with respect to the COI and 18S trees and has a strong, bulb-like musculature characteristic of Group 2.

Figure 9.

Scanning electron micrographs of the head, amphid and cephalic setae of selected specimens from alkaline lakes in the Nebraska Sandhills. Amphid shapes were categorized as tiny, oval or slit-like. Slit-like amphids were positioned closest to cephalic setae. Inner labial setae are notably shorter than the outer labial and cephalic setae, which are of similar lengths.
Scanning electron micrographs of the head, amphid and cephalic setae of selected specimens from alkaline lakes in the Nebraska Sandhills. Amphid shapes were categorized as tiny, oval or slit-like. Slit-like amphids were positioned closest to cephalic setae. Inner labial setae are notably shorter than the outer labial and cephalic setae, which are of similar lengths.

Figure 10.

Entire body images of female and male specimens from each of the six haplotype groups. The nematode identification (NID) number and collection location are shown for each. Blue box indicates incongruent specimen.
Entire body images of female and male specimens from each of the six haplotype groups. The nematode identification (NID) number and collection location are shown for each. Blue box indicates incongruent specimen.

Figure 11.

Comparison of female tails from each of the six haplotype groups. The nematode identification (NID) number and collection location is shown for each. Blue box in Group four indicates specimen, NID 12574, considered incongruous between the COI and 18S phylogenies, and which displays differing morphology from the other two individuals.
Comparison of female tails from each of the six haplotype groups. The nematode identification (NID) number and collection location is shown for each. Blue box in Group four indicates specimen, NID 12574, considered incongruous between the COI and 18S phylogenies, and which displays differing morphology from the other two individuals.

Figure 12.

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of haplotype groupings using combined morphological and ecological attributes for A) females; B) males.
Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of haplotype groupings using combined morphological and ecological attributes for A) females; B) males.

Figure 13.

A maximum likelihood 18S phylogenetic tree of 88 Nebraska specimens and 19 GenBank accessions. Tobrilus Groups 1 and 5 are identical for the 18S barcode, and they are united in a strongly supported clade (99 bootstrap value) with Semitobrilus Group 4 and GenBank accessions identified as Tobrilus and Semitobrilus. Blue boxes identify specimens incongruous between COI and 18S trees.
A maximum likelihood 18S phylogenetic tree of 88 Nebraska specimens and 19 GenBank accessions. Tobrilus Groups 1 and 5 are identical for the 18S barcode, and they are united in a strongly supported clade (99 bootstrap value) with Semitobrilus Group 4 and GenBank accessions identified as Tobrilus and Semitobrilus. Blue boxes identify specimens incongruous between COI and 18S trees.

Tobrilidae (order Triplonchida) of North America (Holovachov and Shoshin, 2014)

Sub-family Tribe Species
Neotobrilinae Tsalolikhin, 2001 Neotobrilini Tsalolikhin, 1981 Neotobrilus longus (Leidy, 1852) Tsalolikhin, 1981
Neotobrilinae Tsalolikhin, 2001 Neotobrilini Tsalolikhin, 1981 Neotobrilus nicsmolae Abebe, Ferebee, Taylor, Mundo-Ocampo, Mekete & De Ley, 2013
Neotobrilinae Tsalolikhin, 2001 Neotobrilini Tsalolikhin, 1981 Neotobrilus filipjevi (Ebsary, 1982) Tsalolikhin and Shoshin, 2009
Neotobrilinae Tsalolikhin, 2001 Neotobrilini Tsalolikhin, 1981 Neotobrilus hopei (Loof and Riemann, 1976) Tsalolikhin, 1981
Neotobrilinae Tsalolikhin, 2001 Neotobrilini Tsalolikhin, 1981 Semitobrilus pellucidus Bastian, 1865
Neotobrilinae Tsalolikhin, 2001 Neotobrilini Tsalolikhin, 1981 Semitobrilus ebsaryi Tsalolikhin, 2000
Neotobrilinae Tsalolikhin, 2001 Epitobrilini Tsalolikhin, 2001 Epitobrilus sablensis (Ebsary, 1982) Tsalolikhin, 2001
Tobrilinae Tsalolikhin, 2001 Tobrilini Filipjev, 1918 Tobrilus gracilis Bastian, 1865
Tobrilinae Tsalolikhin, 2001 Tobrilini Filipjev, 1918 Tobrilus aberrans (Schneider, 1925) Andrassy, 1959
Tobrilinae Tsalolikhin, 2001 Tobrilini Filipjev, 1918 Tobrilus affinis Gagarin, 1996
Tobrilinae Tsalolikhin, 2001 Tobrilini Filipjev, 1918 Eutobrilus graciliformis (Altherr and Delamare Deboutteville, 1972) Tsalolikhin, 1981
Tobrilinae Tsalolikhin, 2001 Tobrilini Filipjev, 1918 Eutobrilus steineri (Micoletzky, 1925) Zullini, 2006

Tobrilidae specimen information by Nematode Identification (NID) number, and molecular grouping by COI marker_

NID # COI Groupa Genus or Sub-family Gender/Stage Collection Location
 GenBank accession #
County in NE Site Latitude; Longitude Marker- 18S Marker- COI
7157 NA Neotobrilus sp. Female Lancaster Lincoln landfill 40.871597; −96.654336 PP854262
11092 NA Neotobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Kokjohn Lake 41.78259; −102.52226 PP854263
11093 2 Neotobrilus sp. Female Garden Kokjohn Lake 41.78259; −102.52226 PP855138
11096 NA Neotobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Kokjohn Lake 41.78259; −102.52226 PP854264
11097 NA Neotobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Kokjohn Lake 41.78259; −102.52226 PP854265
11105 NA Neotobrilinae Intersex Garden Gimlet Lake 41.758702; −102.438185 PP854246
11890 2 Neotobrilus sp. Female Garden Bean Lake 41.77776; −102.53009 PP855143
12093 Singleton 1 Neotobrilinae Female Garden Border Lake 41.79170; −102.53385 PP854247 PP855091
12103 NA Neotobrilinae Female Garden Border Lake 41.79170; −102.53385 PP854248
12127 1 Tobrilus sp. Female Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75911; −102.43817 PP854219 PP855098
12129 NA Tobrilus sp. Female Garden Gimlet Lake 41.759109; −102.438171 PP854227
12138 1 Tobrilus sp. Female Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75911; −102.43817 PP854220 PP855097
12141 NA Neotobrilus sp. Female Garden Kokjohn Lake 41.782081; −102.522884 PP854266
12144 2 Neotobrilus sp. Male Garden Kokjohn Lake 41.78208; −102.52288 PP854267 PP855137
12168 NA Tobrilus sp. Female Garden Island Lake 41.733602; −102.410585 PP854218
12193 3 Brevitobrilus sp. Male Garden Island Lake 41.73466; −102.41114 PP854261 PP855127
12194 NA Brevitobrilus sp. Female Garden Island Lake 41.734664; −102.411136 PP854260
12195 NA Tobrilus sp. Female Garden Island Lake 41.734664; −102.411136 PP854208
12204 Singleton 2 Neotobrilinae Juvenile Garden Island Lake 41.73466; −102.41114 PP854243 PP855101
12397 NA Brevitobrilus sp. Male Garden Island Lake 41.73481; −102.41120 PP854259
12400 NA Tobrilinae Female Garden Island Lake 41.73481; −102.41120 PP854244
12406 3 Brevitobrilus sp. Female Garden Island Lake 41.73481; −102.41120 PP854258 PP855126
12408 3 Brevitobrilus sp. Female Garden Island Lake 41.73481; −102.41120 PP854257 PP855124
12417 3 Brevitobrilus sp. Male Garden Island Lake 41.73481; −102.41120 PP854255 PP855125
12420 NA Brevitobrilus sp. Female Garden Island Lake 41.73481; −102.41120 PP854256
12422 NA Neotobrilus sp. Female Garden Border Lake 41.79230; −102.53349 PP854268
12423 NA Neotobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Border Lake 41.79230; −102.53349 PP854269
12424 NA Neotobrilus sp. Female Garden Border Lake 41.79230; −102.53349 PP854270
12425 NA Neotobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Border Lake 41.79230; −102.53349 PP854271
12426 2 Neotobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Border Lake 41.79230; −102.53349 PP854272 PP855128
12427 NA Neotobrilus sp. Male Garden Border Lake 41.79230; −102.53349 PP854273
12428 NA Neotobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Border Lake 41.79230; −102.53349 PP854274
12429 NA Neotobrilus sp. Male Garden Border Lake 41.79230; −102.53349 PP854275
12431 NA Neotobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Border Lake 41.79230; −102.53349 PP854276
12432 NA Neotobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Border Lake 41.79230; −102.53349 PP854277
12433 NA Neotobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Border Lake 41.79230; −102.53349 PP854278
12434 NA Neotobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Border Lake 41.79230; −102.53349 PP854279
12435 NA Neotobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Border Lake 41.79230; −102.53349 PP854280
12442 2 Neotobrilus sp. Male Garden Border Lake 41.79230; −102.53349 PP854281 PP855130
12444 NA Neotobrilus sp. Male Garden Border Lake 41.79230; −102.53349 PP854282
12522 Singleton 3 Neotobrilinae Juvenile Garden Border Lake 41.757717; −102.434 PP854283 PP855120
12523 2 Neotobrilus sp. Female Garden Border Lake 41.757717; −102.434 PP854284 PP855136
12524 2 Neotobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Border Lake 41.757717; −102.434 PP855133
12525 2 Neotobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Border Lake 41.757717; −102.434 PP854285 PP855131
12528 2 Neotobrilus sp. Female Garden Border Lake 41.79212; −102.53420 PP854286 PP855134
12533 2 Neotobrilus sp. Male Garden Border Lake 41.79212; −102.53420 PP854291 PP855140
12537 2 Neotobrilus sp. Male Garden Border Lake 41.79212; −102.53420 PP854292 PP855139
12538 2 Neotobrilus sp. Female Garden Border Lake 41.79212; −102.53420 PP854251 PP855141
12539 2 Neotobrilus sp. Female Garden Border Lake 41.79212; −102.53420 PP854287 PP855142
12540 2 Neotobrilus sp. Female Garden Border Lake 41.79212; −102.53420 PP854288 PP855135
12554 4 Neotobrilinae Male Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75543; −102.43447 PP855086
12556 1 Tobrilinae Female Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75543; −102.43447 PP855099
12559 4 Semitobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75543; −102.43447 PP855059
12561 4 Semitobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75632; −102.43877 PP855083
12563 2 Neotobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Bean Lake 41.77068; −102.52883 PP854250 PP855144
12574 4 Semitobrilus sp. Female Garden Bean Lake 41.77068; −102.52883 PP854289 PP855082
12575 2 Neotobrilus sp. Female Garden Bean Lake 41.77068; −102.52883 PP854254 PP855132
12577 NA Neotobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Bean Lake 41.77068; −102.52883 PP854290
12582 2 Neotobrilus sp. Immature Female Garden Bean Lake 41.77068; −102.52883 PP855129
12586 1 Tobrilus sp. Female Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75792; −102.43418 PP854228 PP855092
12587 1 Tobrilus sp. Male Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75792; −102.43418 PP854221 PP855096
12588 1 Tobrilus sp. Male Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75792; −102.43418 PP854217 PP855095
12591 1 Tobrilus sp. Female Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75792; −102.43418 PP854229 PP855093
12592 4 Semitobrilus sp. Male Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75792; −102.43418 PP855081
12593 4 Semitobrilus sp. Female Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75792; −102.43418 PP854234 PP855084
12595 4 Semitobrilus sp. Male Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75792; −102.43418 PP854206 PP855080
12596 4 Semitobrilus sp. Male Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75792; −102.43418 PP854207 PP855079
12597 NA Semitobrilus sp. Female Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75792; −102.43418 PP854235
12598 NA Semitobrilus sp. Male Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75792; −102.43418 PP854241
12599 4 Semitobrilus sp. Male Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75792; −102.43418 PP855078
12601 4 Semitobrilus sp. Male Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75792; −102.43418 PP855085
12602 4 Semitobrilus sp. Female Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75792; −102.43418 PP855077
12605 4 Semitobrilus sp. Female Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75792; −102.43418 PP854249 PP855076
12606 1 Tobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75792; −102.43418 PP855094
12607 1 Tobrilus sp. Female Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75792; −102.43418 PP854222 PP855100
12613 4 Semitobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Island Lake 41.73257; −102.40362 PP854240 PP855075
12614 4 Semitobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Island Lake 41.73257; −102.40362 PP854236 PP855074
12615 4 Semitobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Island Lake 41.73257; −102.40362 PP854237 PP855073
12616 4 Semitobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Island Lake 41.73257; −102.40362 PP854238 PP855089
12617 4 Semitobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Island Lake 41.73257; −102.40362 PP854242 PP855072
12622 NA Neotobrilinae Juvenile Garden Island Lake 41.73257; −102.40362 PP854245
12623 NA Semitobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Island Lake 41.73257; −102.40362 PP854239
12624 4 Semitobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Island Lake 41.73257; −102.40362 PP855071
12765 4 Semitobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Island Lake 41.73849; −102.40540 PP855070
12769 4 Semitobrilus sp. Female Garden Island Lake 41.73849; −102.40540 PP855069
12770 4 Semitobrilus sp. Immature Female Garden Island Lake 41.73849; −102.40540 PP855068
12773 4 Semitobrilus sp. Immature Female Garden Island Lake 41.73849; −102.40540 PP855067
12774 4 Semitobrilus sp. Female Garden Island Lake 41.73849; −102.40540 PP855087
12775 4 Semitobrilus sp. Male Garden Island Lake 41.73849; −102.40540 PP855066
12776 4 Semitobrilus sp. Juvenile Garden Island Lake 41.73849; −102.40540 PP855065
12778 4 Semitobrilus sp. Female Garden Island Lake 41.73849; −102.40540 PP855090
12779 4 Semitobrilus sp. Female Garden Island Lake 41.73849; −102.40540 PP855064
12780 4 Semitobrilus sp. Female Garden Island Lake 41.73849; −102.40540 PP855063
12782 4 Semitobrilus sp. Female Garden Island Lake 41.73849; −102.40540 PP855062
12786 4 Semitobrilus sp. Immature Female Garden Island Lake 41.73849; −102.40540 PP855061
12827 4 Semitobrilus sp. Female Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75767; −102.43452 PP855060
12836 4 Semitobrilus sp. Female Garden Gimlet Lake 41.75767; −102.43452 PP855088
13994 6 Neotobrilus sp. Female Saunders Johnson Creek 1 41.23383; −96.46355 PP855121
14003 6 Neotobrilus sp. Male Saunders Johnson Creek 1 41.23383; −96.46355 PP854252 PP855122
14023 6 Neotobrilus sp. Female Saunders Johnson Creek 2 41.204850; −96.44180 PP854253 PP855123
14034 5 Tobrilus sp. Female Saunders Johnson Creek 3 41.19345; −96.42583 PP854216 PP855114
14036 5 Tobrilus sp. Male Saunders Johnson Creek 3 41.19345; −96.42583 PP854230 PP855109
14041 5 Tobrilus sp. Male Saunders Johnson Creek 3 41.19345; −96.42583 PP854223 PP855108
14042 5 Tobrilus sp. Female Saunders Johnson Creek 3 41.19345; −96.42583 PP855112
14044 5 Tobrilus sp. Male Saunders Johnson Creek 3 41.19345; −96.42583 PP854215 PP855110
14045 5 Tobrilus sp. Female Saunders Johnson Creek 3 41.19345; −96.42583 PP854231 PP855107
14047 5 Tobrilus sp. Female Saunders Johnson Creek 3 41.19345; −96.42583 PP854224 PP855115
14053 5 Tobrilus sp. Female Saunders Johnson Creek 3 41.19345; −96.42583 PP854214 PP855106
14054 5 Tobrilus sp. Male Saunders Johnson Creek 3 41.19345; −96.42583 PP854232 PP855105
14059 5 Tobrilus sp. Male Saunders Johnson Creek 4 41.19048; −96.42437 PP854225 PP855116
14061 5 Tobrilus sp. Male Saunders Johnson Creek 4 41.19048; −96.42437 PP854213 PP855117
14063 5 Tobrilus sp. Female Saunders Johnson Creek 4 41.19048; −96.42437 PP854233 PP855102
14065 5 Tobrilus sp. Female Saunders Johnson Creek 4 41.19048; −96.42437 PP854226 PP855103
14067 5 Tobrilus sp. Female Saunders Johnson Creek 4 41.19048; −96.42437 PP854209 PP855104
14071 5 Tobrilus sp. Male Saunders Johnson Creek 4 41.19048; −96.42437 PP855113
14072 5 Tobrilus sp. Male Saunders Johnson Creek 4 41.19048; −96.42437 PP854212 PP855118
14080 5 Tobrilus sp. Male Saunders Johnson Creek 5 41.17043; −96.40668 PP854211 PP855111
14081 5 Tobrilus sp. Female Saunders Johnson Creek 5 41.17043; −96.40668 PP854210 PP855119

Within- and between-group mean distances of 9 tobrilid COI groups_ Within-group distance is shown in bold type_

Group 4 Group 1 Group 5 Group 6 Group 3 Group 2 Group 7 Group 9 Group 8
Group 4 0.000639
Group 1 0.159155 0.000651
Group 5 0.165664 0.060499 0.002543
Group 6 0.157512 0.126478 0.111416 0.001826
Group 3 0.158968 0.123860 0.124103 0.096937 0
Group 2 0.164354 0.131401 0.133042 0.094518 0.093262 0.005378
Group 7 0.141845 0.141270 0.126408 0.131963 0.140716 0.151729 0.027397
Group 9 0.141204 0.110544 0.107067 0.117939 0.117579 0.124228 0.130528 0.007567
Group 8 0.173377 0.128000 0.145053 0.158447 0.133743 0.144301 0.183562 0.117613 0.004566

Standard morphological measurements, abbreviations, and definitions_

Gender Character Description (all measurements in μm)
Females Vulva Length from anterior to vulva
Females Males L Overall body length
Females Males Tail Portion of body from anus or cloaca to posterior terminus
Females Males a Body length/greatest body diameter
Females Males b Body length/distance from anterior to pharyngo-intestinal valve
Females Males c Body length/tail Length
Females Males c′ Tail length/body diameter at anus or cloaca
Females V % Vulva position/body length
Females VA/T Distance from vulva to anus/tail length
Females Males Tail % % Tail length/body length
Females Males C set/lrw Cephalic seta length/lip region width
Females Males L set/lrw Labial seta length/lip region width
Females Males StomaL Length of sclerotized portion of stoma (buccal cavity)
Females Males Dist Distance between teeth
Males Spic Spicule length
Males Spic/L % Spicule length/body length
Males Gub Gubernaculum length
Males Cl-III Distance between supplement III and cloaca
Males SR Length of supplement row (I–VI)
Males SR/L % Length of supplement row/total body length

Soil sample chemistry analyses, abbreviations, and definitions_

Parameter Methodology
Soil pH Soil pH-soil pH 1:1 (1 volume of soil in 1 volume of water)
% OM % Organic Matter-Measure of organic matter in soil by % LOI
NO3 Nitrate ppm-Nitrate, KCl extractable
K Potassium ppm-extracted by ammonium acetate
SO4 Sulfate ppm-extracted by Mehlich S-III
Zn Zinc ppm-DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) micronutrient extraction method
Fe Iron ppm-DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) micronutrient extraction method
Mn Manganese ppm-DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) micronutrient extraction method
Cu Copper ppm-DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) micronutrient extraction method
Ca Calcium ppm-extracted by ammonium acetate
Mg Magnesium ppm-extracted by ammonium acetate
Na Sodium ppm-extracted by ammonium acetate
B Boron ppm-hot water extracted
CEC CEC (meq/100g)-Cation Exchange Capacity: Sum (in meq) of the 4 cations(K+Ca+Mg+Na+)/100g soil
% H %H Sat-%Base Saturation
% K %K Sat-%Base Saturation
% Ca %Ca Sat-%Base Saturation
% Mg %Mg Sat-%Base Saturation
% Na %Na Sat-%Base Saturation
Cl- Chloride ppm-Chloride
P Phosphorus ppm-Phosphorus, extracted by Mehlich P-III

Comparisons of selected morphological characteristics of the main groups (mean ± standard deviation with range of values)

Group 1 Tobrilus Female (n=7) Group 2 Neotobrilus Female (n=9) Group 3 Brevitobrilus Female (n=4) Group 4 Semitobrilus Female (n=4) Group 5 Tobrilus Female (n=17) Group 6 Neotobrilus Female (n=3)
L 2366.7 ± 236.6 (2073–2863) 1999.3 ± 301.7 (1449–2341) 2032.8 ± 197.9 (1727–2229) 2729.6 ± 192.1 (2415–2937) 2079.3 ± 209.8 (1769–2739) 1225.4 ± 157.7 (1087–1446)
a 31.2 ± 2.1 (29.7–36.1) 31.5 ± 5.9 (21.8–41.1) 35.8 ± 2.3 (32.8–39.0) 33.7 ± 1.1 (32.4–35.2) 29.7 ± 2.4 (24.1–33.5) 26.4 ± 1.9 (24.2–28.8)
b 5.6 ± 0.2 (5.4–6.0) 5.4 ± 0.5 (4.1–6.0) 6.4 ± 0.3 (6.1–6.7) 6.7 ± 0.2 (6.4–6.9) 5.5 ± 0.4 (4.5–6.0) 4.9 ± 0.2 (4.6–5.2)
c 8.9 ± 0.7 (7.4–9.6) 10.6 ±1.0 (8.4–11.6) 7.9 ± 0.4 (7.1–8.2) 7.1 ± 0.2 (6.9–7.3) 10.0 ± 2.5 (8.5–19.8) 9.5 ± 1.8 (7.7–12.0)
c′ 6.8 ± 0.7 (6.0–8.0) 4.6 ±0.4 (4.2–5.3) 7.4 ± 0.5 (6.9–8.1) 7.8 ± 0.4 (7.2–8.2) 5.8 ± 0.8 (2.8–6.8) 5.2 ± 1.2 (3.4–6.1)
V 44.7% ± 2.4% (42.0%–48.5%) 46.1% ± 3.8% (43.6%–56.4%) 41.0% ± 1.2% (39.6%–43.0%) 48.7% ± 1.6% (46.3%–50.6%) 42.5% ± 3.9% (32.4%–47.1%) 42.1% ± 1.2% (41.2%–43.8%)
Tail 265.1 ± 19.3 (239–297) 188.5 ± 17.6 (154 –210) 257.8 ± 13.5 (242 –275) 385.7 ± 23.9 (350–414) 216.2 ± 34.4 (97–264) 131.4 ± 11.7 (121–148)
V-A/T 3.9 ± 0.4 (3.2–4.4) 4.7 ± 0.8 (2.7–5.5) 3.6 ± 0.2 (3.3–3.8) 2.6 ± 0.1 (2.5–2.8) 4.7 ± 1.3 (3.7–9.7) 4.5 ± 1.1 (3.5–6.0)
LRW 30.7 ± 2.7 (28–36) 28.9 ± 2.9 (24–34) 24.3 ± 2.6 (21–28) 28.9 ± 1.7 (27–31) 26.8 ± 2.9 (22–31) 15.4 ± 1.3 (14–17)
Set L 5.9 ± 2.4 (2–8) 6.1 ± 2.3 (4–10) 4.6 ± 1.1 (3–5) 8.2 ± 0.7 (8–9) 6.7 ± 1.2 (5–8) 4.5 ± 1.2 (3–5)
Set L/LRW 19.5% ± 8.4% (4.9%–28.9%) 21.6% ± 9.3% (13.8%–38.9%) 19.0% ± 5.1% (12.5%–25.0%) 28.4% ± 2.1% (25.2%–30.9%) 25.0% ± 3.6% (17.6%–31.8%) 28.7% ± 6.8% (19.6%–36.1%)
Stoma L 12.3 ± 1.2 (10–14) 9.7 ± 1.2 (8–12) 8.5 ± 0.5 (8–9) 7.5 ± 1.5 (6–10) 13.1 ± 1.2 (10–15) 8.3 ± 0.7 (7–9)
Ant tooth pos 17.8 ± 4.8 (9–23) 20.3 ± 4.7 (15–29) 19.9 ± 4.9 (15–26) 17.2 ± 2.3 (15–20) 20.9 ± 1.7 (18–24) 11.6 ± 1.4 (10–13)
Post tooth pos 24.2 ± 2.4 (19–27) 32.7 ± 3.8 (25–39) 29.1 ± 4.6 (24–35) 24.0 ± 4.9 (19–32) 23.0 ± 2.2 (20–27) 22.7 ± 2.3 (19–24)
Tooth dist 6.3 ± 3.8 (2–13) 12.4 ± 2.7 (8–16) 11.3 ± 1.2 (10–12) 6.7 ± 3.2 (5–12) 2.1 ± 0.8 (1–4) 11.0 ± 1.0 (10–12)
Lingua:
Inglese
Frequenza di pubblicazione:
1 volte all'anno
Argomenti della rivista:
Scienze biologiche, Scienze della vita, altro
Feed RSS della rivista