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Plant-parasitic Nematodes Associated with Grasses Grown for Seed in the Willamette Valley of Oregon

H. M. Rivedal

H. M. Rivedal

USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research UnitCorvallis,
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Rivedal, H. M.
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I. A. Zasada

I. A. Zasada

USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management UnitCorvallis,
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Zasada, I. A.
, 
T. N. Temple

T. N. Temple

USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research UnitCorvallis,
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Temple, T. N.
, 
A. B. Peetz

A. B. Peetz

USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management UnitCorvallis,
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Peetz, A. B.
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L. A. Núñez-Rodríguez

L. A. Núñez-Rodríguez

Oregon State University, Department of Botany and Plant PathologyOR,
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Núñez-Rodríguez, L. A.
, 
R. J. Starchvick

R. J. Starchvick

Oregon State University, Department of HorticultureOR,
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Starchvick, R. J.
 e 
E. T. Braithwaite

E. T. Braithwaite

Oregon State University, Department of HorticultureOR,
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Braithwaite, E. T.
  
10 mag 2024
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Categoria dell'articolo: Research Paper
Pubblicato online: 10 mag 2024
Ricevuto: 05 gen 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2024-0020
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© 2024 H. M. Rivedal et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Relative abundance (proportion of total field PPN population) for each sampled field in the Spring of 2022 or 2023. Each column represents one sampled field and the total community of PPNs found in that field. Fields are organized by grass species and colored by the proportion of each PPN genus detected in the field. A column with no color (i.e., white) had undetectable populations of PPN. * indicates a field with fewer than four individual nematodes for the total population count.
Relative abundance (proportion of total field PPN population) for each sampled field in the Spring of 2022 or 2023. Each column represents one sampled field and the total community of PPNs found in that field. Fields are organized by grass species and colored by the proportion of each PPN genus detected in the field. A column with no color (i.e., white) had undetectable populations of PPN. * indicates a field with fewer than four individual nematodes for the total population count.

Figure 2:

Comparative PPN relative abundance (proportion of total field PPN population) in annual ryegrass and orchardgrass seed fields sampled in spring (top) and autumn (bottom) 2022. Each column represents one sampled field at either time point. Fields are organized by grass species and colored by the proportion of each PPN genus detected in a field. A column with no color (i.e., white) had undetectable populations of PPN. * indicates a field with fewer than four individual nematodes for the total population count.
Comparative PPN relative abundance (proportion of total field PPN population) in annual ryegrass and orchardgrass seed fields sampled in spring (top) and autumn (bottom) 2022. Each column represents one sampled field at either time point. Fields are organized by grass species and colored by the proportion of each PPN genus detected in a field. A column with no color (i.e., white) had undetectable populations of PPN. * indicates a field with fewer than four individual nematodes for the total population count.

Average plant-parasitic nematode species densities and diversity measures for all grass species sampled in 2022 and 2023_

Grass species Nb Sample time Average Density (#/100 g soil) Diversity Measuresa
Pratylenchus Meloidogyne Helicotylenchus Paratylenchus Tylenchorhynchus Xiphinema Alpha Beta Gamma
Annual ryegrass 14 Spring 2022 90 206 0 1 0 0 1.9 0.6 3
Autumn 2022 0 34 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.4 1
Bentgrass 3 Spring 2023 169 38 0 0 0 0 1.7 0.2 2
Fine fescue 3 Spring 2023 3 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 0.0 1
Orchardgrass 7 Spring 2022 227 58 22 14 1 0 2.1 1.4 5
Autumn 2022 0 20 7 0 0 1 1.1 1.7 3
Perennial ryegrass 5 Spring 2023 3 6 1 1 0 0 2.0 1.0 4
Tall fescue 5 Spring 2023 166 4 0 0 0 1 1.6 0.9 3

Percentage frequency of occurrence (%FO), mean population densities when present (# nematodes/100 g soil), and maximum population densities (# nematodes/100 g soil) of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with grass for seed crops in Oregon sampled in Spring 2022 or 2023_

Pratylenchus Meloidogyne Helicotylenchus Paratylenchus Tylenchorhynchus Xiphinema
%FOa 97 54 16 8 3 3
Meanb 117 (30.2) 172 (61.7) 26 (18.2) 32 (26.4) 7 1
Maxc 1,984 2,496 288 556 24 2

Pratylenchus spp_ identified on grass for seed crops in Oregon_a

Grass type P. crenatus P. fallax P. neglectus P. penetrans P. thornei
Annual ryegrass + (11)b + (2) + (9) + (5) −c
Perennial ryegrass ndd nd nd nd nd
Bentgrass + (3) − − − −
Tall fescue + (1) − − − −
Fine fescue nd nd nd nd nd
Orchardgrass + (1) − + (6) + (2) + (2)
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