S. No. | Management strategies | Management method | Material used | Application methods | Time of application | Doses |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Chemical | Fumigant | Formalin | Fumigation | 20 days before sowing | 30%, i.e., 250 ml/m2 |
Nonfumigant | Carbofuran | Soil application | Before sowing | 10 g/m2 | ||
Fungicide | Bavistin | Drenching | Before sowing | 2 g/l water | ||
2 | Biological | Egg-parasitic fungus | Soil application | 15 days before sowing | 50 g/m2 | |
Seed treatment | 6 hours before | 20 g/kg | ||||
sowing | seed | |||||
3 | Cultural | Organic amendment | Neem cake | Soil application | 15 days before sowing | 200 g/m2 |
Neem leaves | Soil application | 15 days before sowing | 200 g/m2 | |||
Neem oil | Seed treatment | 6 hours before sowing | 20% v/w | |||
4 | Check | - | - | - | Untreated infested |
S. No. | Treatments |
---|---|
1 | Neem cake 200 g/m2 + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w |
2 | Neem cake 200 g/m2 + |
3 | Neem leaves 200 g/m2 + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w |
4 | Neem leaves 200 g/m2 + |
5 | |
6 | |
7 | Formalin 250 ml/m2 + |
8 | Formalin 250 ml/m2 + neem oil seed treatment 20%v/w |
9 | Carbofuran 10 g/m2 |
10 | Bavistin 2 g/l water |
11 | Control (inoculated) |
Sr.No. | Treatments | First season | Second season | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Egg masses per plant | Galls per plant | Final nematode population 200 cm3 soil-1 | Reproduction factor | Egg masses per plant | Galls per plant | Final nematode population 200 cm3 soil-1 | Reproduction factor | ||
1 | Neem cake 200 g/m2 + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w | 185e | 210f | 250e | 0.8 | 166f | 203e | 238e | 0.9 |
2 | Neem cake 200 g/m2 + |
95b | 112C' | 217C | 0.7 | 85c | 103c | 201c | 0.8 |
3 | Neem leaves 200 g/m22 + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w | 224g | 241h | 340h | 1.2 | 217h | 230h | 328h | 1.3 |
4 | Neem leaves 200 g/m2 + |
195f | 220f,g | 275f | 0.9 | 183g | 214f | 262f | 1.0 |
5 | 215g | 230g | 315g | 1.0 | 208h | 221g | 312g | 1.2 | |
6 | 160d | 198e | 238d | 0.8 | 145e | 181d | 233e | 0.9 | |
Formalin 250 ml/ m2 + |
55a | 75b | 170b | 0.5 | 48b | 73b | 161b | 0.6 | |
8 | Formalin 250 ml/ m2 + neem oil seed treatment 20%v/w | 48a | 60a | 155a | 0.5 | 32a | 53a | 141a | 0.5 |
9 | Carbofuran 10 g/m2 | 145c | 185c | 218c | 0.7 | 126d | 180c | 214d | 0.8 |
10 | Bavistin 2 g/l water | 456h | 485i | 718i | 2.4 | 446i | 482i | 696i | 2.7 |
11 | Control (inoculated) | 553i | 570i | 890i | 3.0 | 560i | 594i | 902i | 3.5 |
Sr. No. | Treatments | Percent fungal incidence |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
First season | Second season | ||||
15 d after | 30 d after | 15 d after | 30 d after | ||
sowing | sowing | sowing | sowing | ||
1 | Neem cake 200 g/m2 + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w | 13a,b,c | 20b,c | 27a | 33c,d |
2 | Neem cake 200 g/m2 + |
13a,b,c | 13a,b | 27a | 20b,c |
3 | Neem leaves 200 g/m2 + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w | 20b,c | 20b,c,d | 33a | 33c,d |
4 | Neem leaves 200 g/m2 + |
20a,b,c | 20b,c | 27a | 20b,c |
5 | 20b,c | 27b,c,d | 33a | 40d,e | |
6 | 27b,c | 33c,d | 33a | 40d,e, | |
7 | Formalin 250 ml/m2 + |
7a,b | 7a,b | 20a | 14a,b |
8 | Formalin 250 ml/m2 + neem oil seed treatment 20%v/w | 1a | 1a | 14a | 1a |
9 | Carbofuran 10 g/m2 | 27b,c | 33d | 33a | 53e |
10 | Bavistin 2 g/l water | 33b,c | 40c,d | 33a | 40d,e |
11 | Control (inoculated) | 47c | 80e | 40a | 93f |
Sr. no. | Treatments | First season | Second season | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoot length (cm) | Dry shoot weight (g) | Dry root weight (g) | Yield (t/ha) | Shoot length (cm) | Dry root weight (g) | Yield (t/ha) | ||
1 | Neem cake 200 g/ m2 + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w | 176.4e,f | 26.7b,c,d | 8.58b,c,d | 52.0f | 172.7e,f | 9.00d,e | 61.3e |
2 | Neem cake 200 g/ m2 + |
180.6f,g | 35.4e | 11.58c,d | 64.7i | 184.0h | 14.33g,h | 74.7h,i |
3 | Neem leaves 200 g/ m2 + neem oil seed treatment 20% v/w | 160.4c | 21.6b | 7.52b,c | 37.3c | 155.0c | 7.00b,c | 60.0d,e |
4 | Neem leaves 200 g/ m2 + |
170.2d,e | 24.6b,c | 8.26b,c | 47.7e | 167.3d,e | 8.30c,d | 56.3c,d |
5 | 163.2c,d | 22.9b,c | 8.11b,c | 42.7d | 161.7c,d | 7.67b,c,d | 53.0c | |
6 | 176.5e,f | 28.6c,d | 8.51b,c,d | 54.0f,g | 174.7f,g | 10.33e,f | 64.3e,f | |
7 | Formalin 250 ml/m2 + |
179.6e,f,g | 31.6d,e | 9.58b,c,d | 56.7g,h | 180.0g,h | 11.00f | 67.7f,g |
8 | Formalin 250 ml/ m2 + neem oil seed treatment 20%v/w | 186.6 g | 36.7e | 12.58d | 70.7j | 197.9i | 15.67h | 77.3i |
9 | Carbofuran 10 g/m2 | 177.9e,f,g | 33.2d,e | 10.58b,c,d | 59.3h | 181.7g,h | 13.00g | 70.3g,h |
10 | Bavistin 2 g/l water | 128.0b | 22.6b,c | 6.58b | 32.7a | 132.0b | 6.00b | 33.3b |
11 | Control (inoculated) | 107.2a | 7.4a | 2.58a | 22.0b | 107.2a | 2.91a | 25.0a |