This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Jonas OB, Irwin A, Berthe FCJ, et al. Drug-resistant infections: a threat to our economic future. World Bank Group, Washington, DC (2017). Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/323311493396993758/final-reportJonasOBIrwinABertheFCJWorld Bank GroupWashington, DC2017Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/323311493396993758/final-reportSearch in Google Scholar
Migliara G, Di Paolo C, Barbato D, et al. Multimodal surveillance of healthcare associated infections in an intensive care unit of a large teaching hospital. Ann Ig. 2019;31:399–413. doi: 10.7416/ai.2019.2302MigliaraGDi PaoloCBarbatoDMultimodal surveillance of healthcare associated infections in an intensive care unit of a large teaching hospital20193139941310.7416/ai.2019.2302Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Cassini A, Högberg LD, Plachouras D, et al. Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19:56–66. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4CassiniAHögbergLDPlachourasDAttributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis201919566610.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: First Grobal Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care Is Safer Care. (2009). Available at: https://issuu.com/balestrogiuseppe/docs/who_01World Health Organization2009Available at: https://issuu.com/balestrogiuseppe/docs/who_01Search in Google Scholar
Khan HA, Baig FK, and Mehboob R. Nosocomial Infections: Epidemiology, Prevention, Control and Surveillance. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017;7:478–482.KhanHABaigFKMehboobRNosocomial Infections: Epidemiology, Prevention, Control and Surveillance20177478482Search in Google Scholar
Rödenbeck M, Ayobami O, Eckmanns T, et al. Clinical epidemiology and case fatality due to antimicrobial resistance in Germany: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2021. Euro Surveill. 2023;28:2200672. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.20.2200672RödenbeckMAyobamiOEckmannsTClinical epidemiology and case fatality due to antimicrobial resistance in Germany: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2021202328220067210.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.20.2200672Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Curren EJ, Lutgring JD, Kabbani S, et al. Advancing Diagnostic Stewardship for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antibiotic Resistance, and Sepsis. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;74:723–728. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab672CurrenEJLutgringJDKabbaniSAdvancing Diagnostic Stewardship for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antibiotic Resistance, and Sepsis20227472372810.1093/cid/ciab672Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States. Atlanta, GA: CDC (2019). Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/biggest-threats.htmlCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlanta, GACDC2019Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/biggest-threats.htmlSearch in Google Scholar
Morgan DJ, Malani P, Diekema DJ. Diagnostic Stewardship-Leveraging the Laboratory to Improve Antimicrobial Use. JAMA. 2017;318:607–608. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.8531MorganDJMalaniPDiekemaDJDiagnostic Stewardship-Leveraging the Laboratory to Improve Antimicrobial Use201731860760810.1001/jama.2017.8531Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Li P, Li Y, Zhang Y, Bao J, et al. Economic burden attributable to healthcare-associated infections in tertiary public hospitals of Central China: a multi-centre case-control study. Epidemiol Infect. 2022;150:e155. doi: 10.1017/S0950268822001340LiPLiYZhangYBaoJEconomic burden attributable to healthcare-associated infections in tertiary public hospitals of Central China: a multi-centre case-control study2022150e15510.1017/S0950268822001340Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Currie K, Melone L, Stewart S, et al. Understanding the patient experience of health care-associated infection: A qualitative systematic review. Am J Infect Control. 2018;46:936–942. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2017.11.023CurrieKMeloneLStewartSUnderstanding the patient experience of health care-associated infection: A qualitative systematic review20184693694210.1016/j.ajic.2017.11.023Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kärki T, Plachouras D, Cassini A, Suetens C. Burden of healthcare-associated infections in European acute care hospitals. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2019;169(S1):3–5. doi: 10.1007/s10354-018-0679-2KärkiTPlachourasDCassiniASuetensCBurden of healthcare-associated infections in European acute care hospitals2019169S13510.1007/s10354-018-0679-2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mirande C, Bizine I, Giannetti A, Picot N, van Belkum A. Epidemiological aspects of healthcare-associated infections and microbial genomics. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018;37:823–831. doi: 10.1007/s10096-017-3170-xMirandeCBizineIGiannettiAPicotNvan BelkumAEpidemiological aspects of healthcare-associated infections and microbial genomics20183782383110.1007/s10096-017-3170-xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Darvishi M, Forootan M, Reza Nazer M, Karimi E, Noori M. Nosocomial Infections, Challenges and Threats: A Review Article. Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2020;14:162–181. doi: 10.30699/ijmm.14.2.162DarvishiMForootanMReza NazerMKarimiENooriMNosocomial Infections, Challenges and Threats: A Review Article20201416218110.30699/ijmm.14.2.162Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Duvernay PG, de Laguiche E, Campos Nogueira R, et al. Preventing nosocomial infections in resource-limited settings: An interventional approach in healthcare facilities in Burkina Faso. Infect Dis Health. 2020;25:186–193. doi: 10.1016/j.idh.2020.04.003DuvernayPGde LaguicheECampos NogueiraRPreventing nosocomial infections in resource-limited settings: An interventional approach in healthcare facilities in Burkina Faso20202518619310.1016/j.idh.2020.04.003Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Magnus TP, Marra AR, Camargo TZ, et al. Measuring hand hygiene compliance rates in different special care settings: a comparative study of methodologies. Int J Infect Dis. 2015;33:205–208. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.02.016MagnusTPMarraARCamargoTZMeasuring hand hygiene compliance rates in different special care settings: a comparative study of methodologies20153320520810.1016/j.ijid.2015.02.016Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Chambers HF, Cross HR, Souli M, et al. The Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group: Scientific Advancements and Future Directions. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;77(S4):S279–S287. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad475ChambersHFCrossHRSouliMThe Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group: Scientific Advancements and Future Directions202377S4S279S28710.1093/cid/ciad475Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mosci D, Marmo GW, Sciolino L, et al. Automatic environmental disinfection with hydrogen peroxide and silver ions versus manual environmental disinfection with sodium hypochlorite: a multicentre randomized before-and-after trial. J Hosp Infect. 2017;97:175–179. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.06.010MosciDMarmoGWSciolinoLAutomatic environmental disinfection with hydrogen peroxide and silver ions versus manual environmental disinfection with sodium hypochlorite: a multicentre randomized before-and-after trial20179717517910.1016/j.jhin.2017.06.010Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Montero JG, Lerma FÁ, Galleymore PR, et al. Scientific Expert Committee for Zero Resistance Project. Combatting resistance in intensive care: the multimodal approach of the Spanish ICU “Zero Resistance” program. Crit Care. 2015;19:114. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-0800-5MonteroJGLermaFÁGalleymorePRScientific Expert Committee for Zero Resistance Project. Combatting resistance in intensive care: the multimodal approach of the Spanish ICU “Zero Resistance” program20151911410.1186/s13054-015-0800-5Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Voidazan S, Albu S, Toth R, Grigorescu B, Rachita A, Moldovan I. Healthcare Associated Infections-A New Pathology in Medical Practice? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:760. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030760VoidazanSAlbuSTothRGrigorescuBRachitaAMoldovanIHealthcare Associated Infections-A New Pathology in Medical Practice?20201776010.3390/ijerph17030760Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Wang M, Wei H, Zhao Y, et al. Analysis of multidrug-resistant bacteria in 3223 patients with hospital-acquired infections (HAI) from a tertiary general hospital in China. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2019;19:86–93. doi: 10.17305/bjbms.2018.3826WangMWeiHZhaoYAnalysis of multidrug-resistant bacteria in 3223 patients with hospital-acquired infections (HAI) from a tertiary general hospital in China201919869310.17305/bjbms.2018.3826Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Li RJ, Wu YL, Huang K, et al. A prospective surveillance study of healthcare-associated infections in an intensive care unit from a tertiary care teaching hospital from 2012–2019. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102:e34469. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034469LiRJWuYLHuangKA prospective surveillance study of healthcare-associated infections in an intensive care unit from a tertiary care teaching hospital from 2012–20192023102e3446910.1097/MD.0000000000034469Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Nelson RE, Slayton RB, Stevens VW, et al. Attributable Mortality of Healthcare-Associated Infections Due to Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2017;38:848–856. doi: 10.1017/ice.2017.83NelsonRESlaytonRBStevensVWAttributable Mortality of Healthcare-Associated Infections Due to Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus20173884885610.1017/ice.2017.83Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ruiz J, Gordon M, Villarreal E, et al. Influence of antibiotic pressure on multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae colonisation in critically ill patients. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019;8:38. doi: 10.1186/s13756-019-0484-8RuizJGordonMVillarrealEInfluence of antibiotic pressure on multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae colonisation in critically ill patients201983810.1186/s13756-019-0484-8Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Urzedo JE, de Paula Menezes R, Porto JP, et al. High mortality by nosocomial infections caused by carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa in a referral hospital in Brazil: facing the perfect storm. J Med Microbiol. 2020;69:1388–1397. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001273UrzedoJEde Paula MenezesRPortoJPHigh mortality by nosocomial infections caused by carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa in a referral hospital in Brazil: facing the perfect storm2020691388139710.1099/jmm.0.001273Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Khan ID, Gonimadatala G, Narayanan S, et al. Morbidity, mortality, and emerging drug resistance in Device-associated infections (DAIs) in intensive care patients at a 1000-bedded tertiary care teaching hospital. Med J Armed Forces India. 2022;78:221–231. doi: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2021.06.031KhanIDGonimadatalaGNarayananSMorbidity, mortality, and emerging drug resistance in Device-associated infections (DAIs) in intensive care patients at a 1000-bedded tertiary care teaching hospital20227822123110.1016/j.mjafi.2021.06.031Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Leal HF, Azevedo J, Silva GEO, et al. Bloodstream infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria: epidemiological, clinical and microbiological features. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19:609. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-4265-zLealHFAzevedoJSilvaGEOBloodstream infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria: epidemiological, clinical and microbiological features20191960910.1186/s12879-019-4265-zOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Garnacho-Montero J, Amaya-Villar R. The problem of multi-resistance in gram-negative bacilli in intensive care units: Treatment and prevention strategies. Med Intensiva (Engl Ed). 2022;46:326–335. doi: 10.1016/j.medine.2022.04.006Garnacho-MonteroJAmaya-VillarRThe problem of multi-resistance in gram-negative bacilli in intensive care units: Treatment and prevention strategies20224632633510.1016/j.medine.2022.04.006Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Moitra VK, Guerra C, Linde-Zwirble WT, Wunsch H. Relationship Between ICU Length of Stay and Long-Term Mortality for Elderly ICU Survivors. Crit Care Med. 2016;44:655–662. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001480MoitraVKGuerraCLinde-ZwirbleWTWunschHRelationship Between ICU Length of Stay and Long-Term Mortality for Elderly ICU Survivors20164465566210.1097/CCM.0000000000001480Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Alrebish SA, Yusufoglu HS, Alotibi RF, et al. Epidemiology of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Adherence to the HAI Prevention Strategies. Healthcare (Basel) 2022;11:63. doi: 10.3390/healthcare110100AlrebishSAYusufogluHSAlotibiRFEpidemiology of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Adherence to the HAI Prevention Strategies2022116310.3390/healthcare110100Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lagarde M, Blaauw D. Levels and determinants of overprescribing of antibiotics in the public and private primary care sectors in South Africa. BMJ Glob Health. 2023;8:e012374. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012374LagardeMBlaauwDLevels and determinants of overprescribing of antibiotics in the public and private primary care sectors in South Africa20238e01237410.1136/bmjgh-2023-012374Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Chang CJ, Lin TL, Tsai YL, et al. Next generation probiotics in disease amelioration. J Food Drug Anal. 2019;27:615–622. doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.12.011ChangCJLinTLTsaiYLNext generation probiotics in disease amelioration20192761562210.1016/j.jfda.2018.12.011Open DOISearch in Google Scholar