<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>This two-year study tested whether urban bees benefit from the forest perennial <italic>Geranium phaeum</italic> L. replanted from natural stands to an urban environment. The flowering abundance and phenology, spectrum of insect visitors, nectar and pollen production, and the energetic value of nectar were investigated in Lublin, SE Poland. The apiarian value of <italic>G. phaeum</italic> was studied for the first time. The species bloomed abundantly from late April to early June and can be regarded as a valuable spring food resource for urban bees, mainly bumblebees, which accounted for >50% of all visits in both years of study. Bees collected mainly nectar. The highest daily pollen and nectar sugar amount offered by a plant reached 73.7 mg and 36.5 mg, respectively, with the caloric value of nectar of 146 cal. The estimated mean sugar yield, caloric value of nectar and pollen yield · m<sup>−2</sup> were 1.7 mg, 6.9 kcal, and 3.4 mg, respectively. The current study confirms the advantage of using native plants in urban landscaping and proves their positive role in strengthening both wild and managed bee populations in cities. The finding that wild plants translocated from the natural habitat can develop a self-sustaining population in the urban environment and establish beneficial relationships with urban bees is of interest in terms of the conservation of both native plants and pollinators.</p></abstract>

This two-year study tested whether urban bees benefit from the forest perennial Geranium phaeum L. replanted from natural stands to an urban environment. The flowering abundance and phenology, spectrum of insect visitors, nectar and pollen production, and the energetic value of nectar were investigated in Lublin, SE Poland. The apiarian value of G. phaeum was studied for the first time. The species bloomed abundantly from late April to early June and can be regarded as a valuable spring food resource for urban bees, mainly bumblebees, which accounted for >50% of all visits in both years of study. Bees collected mainly nectar. The highest daily pollen and nectar sugar amount offered by a plant reached 73.7 mg and 36.5 mg, respectively, with the caloric value of nectar of 146 cal. The estimated mean sugar yield, caloric value of nectar and pollen yield · m−2 were 1.7 mg, 6.9 kcal, and 3.4 mg, respectively. The current study confirms the advantage of using native plants in urban landscaping and proves their positive role in strengthening both wild and managed bee populations in cities. The finding that wild plants translocated from the natural habitat can develop a self-sustaining population in the urban environment and establish beneficial relationships with urban bees is of interest in terms of the conservation of both native plants and pollinators.

Urban Bees Benefit from a Native Forest Species Grown in a City Environment–A Case Study of <italic>Geranium Phaeum</italic> L.

Department of Botany and Plant Physiology

Journal of Apicultural Science

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Urban Bees Benefit from a Native Forest Species Grown in a City Environment–A Case Study of  L.

This two-year study tested whether urban bees benefit from the forest perennial Geranium phaeum L. replanted from natural stands to an urban environment. The...

Year	Nectar amount · flower⁻¹ (mg)^*	Nectar sugar concentration (% w/w)^*	Nectar sugar amount:^*		Caloric value of nectar · m⁻² of patch (cal)	Pollen amount:

			flower⁻¹ (mg)	m⁻² of patch (g)		flower⁻¹ (mg)	m⁻² of patch (g)
2015	1.6^b ± 1.3 (14)	36.6^b ± 11.2 (14)	0.5^b ± 0.3 (14)	1.0^b ± 0.4 (11)	4.0^b ± 1.6 (11)	2.0^a ± 0.1 (6)	4.0^a ± 1.5 (11)
2016	2.9^a ± 1.0 (16)	53.1^a ± 7.4 (16)	1.6^a ± 0.6 (16)	2.5^a ± 0.3 (11)	9.9^a ± 2.0 (11)	1.7^b ± 0.2 (6)	2.7^b ± 0.6 (11)
mean	2.3 ± 1.4 (30)	45.4 ± 12.5 (30)	1.1 ± 0.7 (30)	1.7 ± 0.9 (22)	6.9 ± 3.5 (22)	1.9 ± 0.2 (12)	3.4 ± 1.3 (22)

Year	Flowering period (days)	No. of flowering stems · m⁻² of a patch^*	No. of flowers:^*

			flowering stem⁻¹	m⁻² of a patch (thous.)
2015	27 April–8 June (43)	120.6^a ± 42.1 (11)	16.5^b ± 4.7 (113)	2.0^a ± 0.8 (11)
2016	29 April–31 May (33)	65.3^b ± 12.8 (11)	21.3^a ± 7.1 (140)	1.6^a ± 0.3 (11)
mean	(38)	92.9 ± 41.5 (22)	19.2 ± 6.6 (253)	1.8 ± 0.6 (22)

Urban Bees Benefit from a Native Forest Species Grown in a City Environment–A Case Study of Geranium Phaeum L.

Article Category: Original Article

Pubblicato online: 28 dic 2021

Pagine: 331 - 343

Ricevuto: 26 lug 2021

Accettato: 01 ott 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2021-0024

Parole chiave
bee pasture, biodiversity conservation, native plant, nectar, pollen, urban pollinators

© 2021 Marzena Masierowska, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Nectar and pollen reward of Geranium phaeum available to flower visitors in 2015–2016, Lublin, SE Poland

Time and abundance of flowering of Geranium phaeum in the years of study, Lublin SE Poland

Urban Bees Benefit from a Native Forest Species Grown in a City Environment–A Case Study of Geranium Phaeum L.

Article Category: Original Article

Pubblicato online: 28 dic 2021

Pagine: 331 - 343

Ricevuto: 26 lug 2021

Accettato: 01 ott 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2021-0024

Parole chiavebee pasture, biodiversity conservation, native plant, nectar, pollen, urban pollinators

© 2021 Marzena Masierowska, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Nectar and pollen reward of Geranium phaeum available to flower visitors in 2015–2016, Lublin, SE Poland

Time and abundance of flowering of Geranium phaeum in the years of study, Lublin SE Poland

Parole chiave
bee pasture, biodiversity conservation, native plant, nectar, pollen, urban pollinators