Gender (male) | 51.11 | 61.15 |
Age | ||
|
95.55 | 75.24 |
|
3.85 | 21.14 |
|
0.60 | 3.62 |
School | ||
|
83.95 | 99.77 |
|
10.58 | 0.21 |
|
5.05 | 0.02 |
|
0.42 | 0.00 |
Literacy | ||
|
88.44 | 64.72 |
|
2.99 | 13.23 |
|
1.87 | 5.62 |
|
2.66 | 8.56 |
|
3.27 | 7.04 |
Directed | ||
|
11.79 | 63.49 |
|
2.19 | 32.46 |
Total number of observations | 5,514,495 | 237,110 |
SMS – all | −0.0097 (0.0143) | −0.0100 (0.0144) | −0.0092 (0.0152) | −0.0090 (0.0154) | −0.0091 (0.0160) | −0.0093 (0.0162) |
Constant (reference: no SMS) | 0.1864 |
0.1866 |
0.1860 |
0.1858 |
0.1859 |
0.1860 |
SMS – formal | −0.0003 (0.0165) | −0.0000 (0.0168) | 0.0016 (0.0170) | 0.0020 (0.0174) | 0.0026 (0.0179) | 0.0019 (0.0181) |
SMS – informal | −0.0129 (0.0143) | −0.0134 (0.0143) | −0.0129 (0.0153) | −0.0128 (0.0155) | −0.0131 (0.0161) | −0.0131 (0.0163) |
Constant (reference: no SMS) | 0.1864 |
0.1866 |
0.1860 |
0.1859 |
0.1859 |
0.1861 |
0.1599 | 0.1314 | 0.1099 | 0.1107 | 0.0957 | 0.1020 | |
N | 4,103 | 4,103 | 4,103 | 4,103 | 4,103 | 4,103 |
Displayed information | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Individual characteristics | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Agency characteristics | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Location characteristics | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
Month fixed effects | No | No | No | No | No | Yes |
Control | No SMS |
Treatment 1 | SMS – formal style |
Treatment 2 | SMS – informal style |