Association Between Classical and Emerging Risk Factors for Diabetic Kidney Disease and Albuminuria in a Cohort of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

1. Koye DN, Magliano DJ, Nelson RG, Pavkov ME. The Global Epidemiology of Diabetes and Kidney Disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2018 Mar;25(2):121-132. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2017.10.011. Review. PubMed PMID: 29580576.,10.1053/j.ackd.2017.10.01129580576 Search in Google Scholar

2. Afkarian M, Zelnick LR, Hall YN, et al. Clinical Manifestations of Kidney Disease Among US Adults With Diabetes, 1988-2014. JAMA. 2016;316(6):602–610. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1092410.1001/jama.2016.10924544480927532915 Search in Google Scholar

3. Zhou Y, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Gu JJ, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease across levels of glycemia among adults in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China. BMC Nephrol. 2013;14:253. Published 2013 Nov 16. doi:10.1186/1471-2369-14-25310.1186/1471-2369-14-253422570624238578 Search in Google Scholar

4. Brück K, Stel VS, Gambaro G, et al. CKD Prevalence Varies across the European General Population. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;27(7):2135–2147. doi:10.1681/ASN.201505054210.1681/ASN.2015050542492697826701975 Search in Google Scholar

5. Johnson RJ, Nakagawa T, Jalal D, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Kang DH, Ritz E. Uric acid and chronic kidney disease: which is chasing which? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013;28(9):2221–8. Epub 2013/04/02. pmid:23543594.10.1093/ndt/gft029431894723543594 Search in Google Scholar

6. Miyaoka T, Mochizuki T, Takei T, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K. Serum uric acid levels and long-term outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Heart Vessels. 2014;29(4):504–12.10.1007/s00380-013-0396-023929090 Search in Google Scholar

7. Zoppini G, Targher G, Chonchol M, Ortalda V, Abaterusso C, Pichiri I, et al. Serum uric acid levels and incident chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and preserved kidney function. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(1):99–104.10.2337/dc11-1346324130322028277 Search in Google Scholar

8. Jalal DI, Maahs DM, Hovind P, Nakagawa T. Uric acid as a mediator of diabetic nephropathy. Semin Nephrol. 2011;31(5):459–65. pmid:22000654; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3197214.10.1016/j.semnephrol.2011.08.011319721422000654 Search in Google Scholar

9. Ito H, Abe M, Mifune M, Oshikiri K, Antoku S, Takeuchi Y, et al. Hyperuricemia is independently associated with coronary heart disease and renal dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27817. pmid:22125626; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3220675.10.1371/journal.pone.0027817322067522125626 Search in Google Scholar

10. Cai XL, Han XY, Ji LN. High-normal serum uric acid is associated with albuminuria and impaired glomerular filtration rate in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. Chin Med J (Engl). 2011;124(22):3629–34. Epub 2012/02/22. pmid:22340215. Search in Google Scholar

11. Zoppini G, Targher G, Chonchol M, Ortalda V, Abaterusso C, Pichiri I, et al. Serum uric acid levels and incident chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and preserved kidney function. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(1):99–104. Epub 2011/10/27. pmid:22028277; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPmc3241303.10.2337/dc11-1346 Search in Google Scholar

12. Zhang Z, Sun L, Wang Y, et al. Renoprotective role of the vitamin D receptor in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2008. 73(2): 163-71.10.1038/sj.ki.500257217928826 Search in Google Scholar

13. Lytvyn Y., Perkins B. A., Cherney D. Z. I. Uric acid as a biomarker and a therapeutic target in diabetes. Canadian Journal of Diabetes. 2015;39(3):239–246. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2014.10.01310.1016/j.jcjd.2014.10.01325600084 Search in Google Scholar

14. Chang Y.-H., Lei C.-C., Lin K.-C., Chang D.-M., Hsieh C.-H., Lee Y.-J. Serum uric acid level as an indicator for CKD regression and progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-a 4.6-year cohort study. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. 2016;32(6): 557–564. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.276810.1002/dmrr.276826590369 Search in Google Scholar

15. De Cosmo S., Viazzi F., Pacilli A., et al. Serum uric acid and risk of CKD in type 2 diabetes. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2015;10(11): 1921–1929. doi: 10.2215/cjn.03140315.10.2215/CJN.03140315463378626342044 Search in Google Scholar

16. Li G. X., Jiao X. H., Cheng X. B. Correlations between blood uric acid and the incidence and progression of type 2 diabetes nephropathy. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2018;22(2):506–511 Search in Google Scholar

17. Hayashino Y., Okamura S., Tsujii S., Ishii H. Association of serum uric acid levels with the risk of development or progression of albuminuria among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study [Diabetes Distress and Care Registry at Tenri (DDCRT 10)] Acta Diabetologica. 2016;53(4): 599–607. doi: 10.1007/s00592-015-0825-x10.1007/s00592-015-0825-x26935413 Search in Google Scholar

18. Latif H., Iqbal A., Rathore R., et al. Correlation between serum uric acid level and microalbuminuria in type-2 diabetic nephropathy. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2017;33(6):1371–1375. doi: 10.12669/pjms.336.1322410.12669/pjms.336.13224576882729492061 Search in Google Scholar

19. Pizarro M. H., Santos D. C., Barros B. S. V., et al. Serum uric acid and renal function in patients with type 1 diabetes: a nationwide study in Brazil. Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome. 2018;10 doi: 10.1186/s13098-018-0324-7.10.1186/s13098-018-0324-7585972129568334 Search in Google Scholar

20. Klisic A., Kocic G., Kavaric N., Jovanovic M., Stanisic V., Ninic A. Xanthine oxidase and uric acid as independent predictors of albuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 2018;18(2):283–290. doi: 10.1007/s10238-017-0483-010.1007/s10238-017-0483-029214397 Search in Google Scholar

21. Diaz VA, Mainous AG 3rd, Carek PJ, Wessell AM, Everett CJ. The association of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency with diabetic nephropathy: implications for health disparities. J Am Board Fam Med. 2009. 22(5): 521-7.10.3122/jabfm.2009.05.08023119734398 Search in Google Scholar

22. Levin A, Bakris GL, Molitch M, et al. Prevalence of abnormal serum vitamin D, PTH, calcium, and phosphorus in patients with chronic kidney disease: results of the study to evaluate early kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2007. 71(1): 31-8.10.1038/sj.ki.500200917091124 Search in Google Scholar

23. Teng M, Wolf M, Ofsthun MN, et al. Activated injectable vitamin D and hemodialysis survival:a historical cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005. 16(4): 1115-2510.1681/ASN.200407057315728786 Search in Google Scholar

24. Wang Y, Zhu J, DeLuca HF. The vitamin D receptor in the proximal renal tubule is a key regulator of serum 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2015.308(3): E201-510.1152/ajpendo.00422.201425425001 Search in Google Scholar

25. Zhang Z, Sun L, Wang Y, et al. Renoprotective role of the vitamin D receptor in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2008. 73(2): 163-71.10.1038/sj.ki.500257217928826 Search in Google Scholar