Virtual Multiphase Flow Meter using combination of Ensemble Learning and first principle physics based

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Pilot Experiment Parameters_

Parameter	Detail
Producing Wells	Well 101 and Well 102
Well-testing equipment	Shared MPFM
Flow type	Multiphase (3 phases)
Training data	6 weeks multi-rate well-tests
Online test duration	6 months
Measurements	Downhole P/T, Upstream P/T, downstream P/T, Choke opening
Data source	OSIsoft PI

Flow rate deviation (delta Q) performance summary for data-driven VFM estimators_

		DD-VFM
Well	Output	Full	Surface	Subsurface	Combiner
101	Qgas	216	248	222	189
	Qoil	242	263	377	248
	Qwater	0.5	0.3	-	0.2
102	Qgas	68	135	106	90
	Qoil	35	25	40	27
	Qwater	12	16	6	10

Combiner group description_

Type	Description
combiner-all	Combining the three DD-VFM estimator categories and TF-VFM
combiner-dd	Combining the three DD-VFM estimator categories only
combiner-full	Combining the full-type DD-VFM estimator and TF-VFM
combiner-surface	Combining the surface-type DD-VFM estimator and TF-VFM

MAPE performance summary for data-driven VFM estimators_

		DD-VFM
Well	Output	Full	Surface	Subsurface	Combiner-dd
101	Qgas	16.6	19.2	16.9	13.9
	Qoil	9.7	10.0	15.7	9.8
102	Qgas	6.0	9.5	10.2	7.7
	Qoil	3.1	2.3	3.8	2.5

Format for well test report to be for both training and testing dataset_

		INPUT							OUTPUT
Date/Time	Well No	Flowing tubing head pressure (FTHP), psi	Flowing tubing head temperature (FTHT), °C	Differential pressure across the well (dPWell), psi	Differential temperature across the well (dTWell), °C	Choke opening (CV), %	Differential pressure across the choke (dPChoke)	Differential temperature across the choke (dTChoke)	Oil Flow Rate (bbl/day)	Gas Flow Rate (MMscf/day)	Water Flow Rate (bbl/day)
DD:MM:YYYY HH:MM:SS	101	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
DD:MM:YYYY HH:MM:SS	102	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
DD:MM:YYYY HH:MM:SS	101	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
DD:MM:YYYY HH:MM:SS	102	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

Tested combiner VFM_

Well	Output	Hybrid-VFM	Input Estimators
101	Qgas	combiner-all	[full, surface, subsurface, TF]
		combiner-dd	[full, surface, subsurface]
		combiner-full	[full, TF]
		combiner-surface	[surface, TF]
	Qoil	combiner-all	[full, surface, subsurface, TF]
		combiner-dd	[full, surface, subsurface]
		combiner-full	[full, TF]
		combiner-surface	[surface, TF]
	Qwater	combiner-all	[full, surface, TF]
		combiner-dd	[full, surface]
		combiner-full	[full, TF]
		combiner-surface	[surface, TF]
102	Qgas	combiner-all	[full, surface, subsurface, TF]
		combiner-dd	[full, surface, subsurface]
		combiner-full	[full, TF]
		combiner-surface	[surface, TF]
	Qoil	combiner-all	[full, surface, subsurface, TF]
		combiner-dd	[full, surface, subsurface]
		combiner-full	[full, TF]
		combiner-surface	[surface, TF]
	Qwater	combiner-all	[full, surface, subsurface, TF]
		combiner-dd	[full, surface, subsurface]
		combiner-full	[full, TF]
		combiner-surface	[surface, TF]

Data-driven model category with the associated inputs and outputs for each well_

Well	Model Category	Inputs	Output	Algorithm
101	full	CV, FTHP, FTHT, dPWell, dTWell, dPChoke, dTChoke	Qgas	AdaBoost
			Qoil	RandomForest
			Qwater	AdaBoost
	surface	CV, FTHP, FTHT, dPChoke, dTChoke	Qgas	RandomForest
			Qoil	RandomForest
			Qwater	AdaBoost
	subsurface	FTHP, FTHT, dPWell, dTWell	Qgas	AdaBoost
			Qoil	RandomForest
102	full	CV, FTHP, FTHT, dPWell, dTWell, dPChoke, dTChoke	Qgas	Bagging
			Qoil	RandomForest
			Qwater	AdaBoost
	surface	CV, FTHP, FTHT, dPChoke, dTChoke	Qgas	AdaBoost
			Qoil	RandomForest
			Qwater	AdaBoost
	subsurface	FTHP, FTHT, dPWell, dTWell	Qgas	RandomForest
			Qoil	AdaBoost
			Qwater	Bagging

Flow rate deviation (delta Q) performance for all VFM_

				Hybrid VFM (combiner)
Well	Output	DD-VFM	TF-VFM	All	Full+TF	Surface+TF
101	Qgas	214	155	186	148	146
	Qoil	278	221	220	126	146
	Qwater	0.2	15.4	0.6	0.6	0.7
102	Qgas	83	85	77	54	87
	Qoil	14	152	12.6	12	13
	Qwater	7	53	4	4	5

MAPE performance summary for all VFM_

				Hybrid VFM (combiner)
Well	Output	DD-VFM	TF-VFM	All	Full+TF	Surface+TF
101	Qgas	16.6	9.6	11.8	9.0	8.7
	Qoil	9.7	8.3	8.5	4.7	5.5
102	Qgas	6.0	5.6	4.9	3.6	5.4
	Qoil	3.1	17.5	1.3	1.2	1.3