(Constant) | 147.424 | 21.435 | 6.878 | 0.000 | ||||||
22.070 | 3.980 | 0.275 | 5.546 | 0.314 | 0.281 | 0.266 | 0.936 | 1.068 | ||
Big4 | −1.934 | 7.062 | −0.015 | −0.274 | 0.784 | −0.031 | −0.014 | −0.013 | 0.734 | 1.363 |
Loss | 9.176 | 4.826 | 0.104 | 1.901 | 0.058 | 0.211 | 0.100 | 0.091 | 0.765 | 1.307 |
−3.398 | 1.595 | −0.126 | −2.130 | −0.167 | −0.112 | −0.102 | 0.656 | 1.523 | ||
−0.733 | 0.258 | −0.140 | −2.839 | −0.191 | −0.148 | −0.136 | 0.947 | 1.056 | ||
Leverage | 0.123 | 0.165 | 0.040 | 0.747 | 0.456 | 0.075 | 0.039 | 0.036 | 0.820 | 1.220 |
ROE | −10.009 | 6.604 | −0.075 | −1.515 | 0.131 | −0.118 | −0.080 | −0.073 | 0.934 | 1.071 |
8.646 | 4.075 | 0.107 | 2.122 | 0.050 | 0.111 | 0.102 | 0.909 | 1.100 |
1 | 0.417 |
0.174 | 0.155 | 36.900 | 0.174 | 9.451 | 8 | 360 | 0.000 | 1.120 |
46 | 46.9 | 10 | 10.2 | 42 | 42.9 | |
45 | 49.5 | 5 | 5.5 | 41 | 45.1 | |
37 | 40.2 | 10 | 10.9 | 45 | 48.9 | |
34 | 38.6 | 10 | 11.4 | 44 | 50.0 | |
Lag | 1,000 | ||||||||
QAR | 0.000 |
1,000 | |||||||
Big4 | −0.031 |
−0.095 |
1,000 | ||||||
Loss | 0.000 |
0.000 |
0.088 |
1,000 | |||||
LnASSETS | 0.000 |
−0.093 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
1,000 | ||||
CR | 0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
−0.092 |
−0.059 |
1,000 | |||
Lev | 0.075 | −0.074 | 0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
−0.063 |
1,000 | ||
ROE | 0.000 |
−0.078 | 0.051 |
0.000 |
−0.002 |
0.030 |
0.016 |
1,000 | |
Manufacturing | 0.050 | −0.097 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.074 | 0.047 |
1,000 |
Listed entities | 109 |
Banks | −8 |
Insurance entities | −2 |
Nonfinancial entities | 99 |
Observation period in number of years | 4 |
Total number of observations | 396 |
Observations with incomplete data | −10 |
Incomplete observations: delisted entities | −17 |
Lag | 43 | 374 | 117.50 | 40.146 | 369 | ||
LnASSETS | 8 | 17 | 13.21 | 1.488 | 369 | ||
CR | 0.00 | 74.60 | 3.9517 | 7.65888 | 369 | ||
Lever | 0.00 | 180.87 | 1.6973 | 12.87412 | 369 | ||
ROE | −2.38 | 1.75 | 0.0078 | 0.30137 | 369 | ||
Current-year loss | Loss | 108 | 29 | Profit | 261 | 71 | 369 |
Audit firm size | BIG4 | 42 | 11.4 | Non-BIG4 | 327 | 88.6 | 369 |
Company sector | Manufacturing | 57 | 57.6 | Non-manufacturing | 42 | 42.4 | 99 |