This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Aloisi, A. (2018). The role of European institutions in promoting decent work in the “Collaborative Economy”. In: M. Bruglieri (Ed.), Multidisciplinary desgn of sharing services. Research for development (pp. 161–182). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78099-3_11AloisiA., (2018). The role of European institutions in promoting decent work in the “Collaborative Economy”. In: BruglieriM. (Ed.), Multidisciplinary desgn of sharing services. Research for development (pp. 161–182). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78099-3_11Search in Google Scholar
Boeri, T., & Van Ours, J. (2021). The economics of imperfect labor markets (3rd ed.). Princeton University Press.BoeriT.Van OursJ., (2021). The economics of imperfect labor markets (3rd ed.). Princeton University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Bögenhold, D. (2019a). Are hybrids the new normal? A labour market perspective on hybrid self-employment. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 17(4).BögenholdD., (2019a). Are hybrids the new normal? A labour market perspective on hybrid self-employment. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 17(4).Search in Google Scholar
Bögenhold, D. (2019b). From hybrid entrepreneurs to entrepreneurial billionaires: observations on the socioeconomic heterogeneity of selfemployment. American Behavioural Scientist, 63(2), 129–146.BögenholdD., (2019b). From hybrid entrepreneurs to entrepreneurial billionaires: observations on the socioeconomic heterogeneity of selfemployment. American Behavioural Scientist, 63(2), 129–146.Search in Google Scholar
Bögenhold, D., & Klinglmair, A. (2016). Independent work, modern organisations and entrepreneurial labor: Diversity and hybridity of freelancers and self-employment. Journal of Management & Organization, 22(6), 843–858. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.29BögenholdD.KlinglmairA., (2016). Independent work, modern organisations and entrepreneurial labor: Diversity and hybridity of freelancers and self-employment. Journal of Management & Organization, 22(6), 843–858. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.29Search in Google Scholar
Bögenhold, D., Klinglmair, R., & Kandutsch, F. (2017). Solo-self-employment, human capital and hybrid labour in the gig economy. Foresight and STI Governance, 11 (4), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2017.4.23.32BögenholdD.KlinglmairR.KandutschF., (2017). Solo-self-employment, human capital and hybrid labour in the gig economy. Foresight and STI Governance, 11 (4), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2017.4.23.32Search in Google Scholar
Broughton, A., Gloster, R., Marvell, R., Green, M., Langley, J., & Martin, A. (2018). The experiences of individuals in the gig economy. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS). Accessed 2023-12-15 from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/gig-economy-researchBroughtonA.GlosterR.MarvellR.GreenM.LangleyJ.MartinA., (2018). The experiences of individuals in the gig economy. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS). Accessed 2023-12-15 from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/gig-economy-researchSearch in Google Scholar
Chen, B., Liu, T., & Wang, Y. (2020). Volatile fragility: New employment forms and disrupted employment protection in the new economy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5):1531, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051531ChenB.LiuT.WangY., (2020). Volatile fragility: New employment forms and disrupted employment protection in the new economy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5): 1531, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051531Search in Google Scholar
Cieślik, J., & Dvouletý, O. (2019). Segmentation of the population of the solo self-employed. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 17(3), 281-304.CieślikJ.DvouletýO., (2019). Segmentation of the population of the solo self-employed. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 17(3), 281-304.Search in Google Scholar
Cieślik, J., & van Stel, A. (2023). Solo self-employment – Key policy challenges. Journal of Economic Surveys, 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12559CieślikJ.van StelA., (2023). Solo self-employment-Key policy challenges. Journal of Economic Surveys, 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12559Search in Google Scholar
Conen, W., & Schippers, J. (Eds.) (2019). Self-employment as precarious work. Edward Elgar Publishing.ConenW.SchippersJ. (Eds.) (2019). Self-employment as precarious work. Edward Elgar Publishing.Search in Google Scholar
Ćwiek, M. et al. (2021). Cyfryzacja i rynek publiczny. Centrum Polityk Publicznych, Kraków, 10.ĆwiekM., (2021). Cyfryzacja i rynek publiczny. Centrum Polityk Publicznych, Kraków, 10.Search in Google Scholar
Dokko, J., Mumford, M., & Schanzenbach, D. W. (2015). Workers and the Online Gig Economy. Hamilton Project, Brookings Institution, 1-8.DokkoJ.MumfordM.SchanzenbachD. W., (2015). Workers and the Online Gig Economy. Hamilton Project, Brookings Institution, 1–8.Search in Google Scholar
Dokko, J., Mumford, M., & Schanzenbach, D. W. (2015). Workers and the Online Gig Economy. Hamilton Project, Brookings Institution, 1-8.DokkoJ.MumfordM.SchanzenbachD. W., (2015). Workers and the Online Gig Economy. The Hamilton Project, 1-8.Search in Google Scholar
Donovan, S., Bradley, D., & Shimabukuro, J. (2016). What does the gig economy mean for workers? Congressional Research Service.DonovanS.BradleyD.ShimabukuroJ., (2016). What does the gig economy mean for workers?Congressional Research Service.Search in Google Scholar
Dvouletý, O., & Nikulin, D. (2023). Dependent self-employed individuals: Are they different from paid employees? Employee Relations (2023). https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-11-2022-0502.DvouletýO.NikulinD., (2023). Dependent self-employed individuals: Are they different from paid employees?Employee Relations (2023). https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-11-2022-0502.Search in Google Scholar
Eurofound. (2017). Exploring self-employment in the European union. Publications Office of the European Union.Eurofound., (2017). Exploring self-employment in the European union. Publications Office of the European Union.Search in Google Scholar
European Commission (2018). Employment and Social Developments in Europe: 2018. European Commission.European Commission, (2018). Employment and Social Developments in Europe: 2018. European Commission.Search in Google Scholar
Fachinger, U., & Frankus, A. (2017). Self-employed people and pension: Is old age poverty the inevitable darkside of an entrepreneurial society? In: J. Bonnet, M. Dejardin, & D. García-Pérez-de-Lema (Eds.), Exploring the entrepreneurial society: Institutions, behaviors and outcomes (pp. 245–256). Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.FachingerU.FrankusA., (2017). Self-employed people and pension: Is old age poverty the inevitable darkside of an entrepreneurial society? In: BonnetJ.DejardinM.García-Pérez-de-LemaD. (Eds.), Exploring the entrepreneurial society: Institutions, behaviors and outcomes (pp. 245–256). Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.Search in Google Scholar
Fathiyah, A., Rahim, A., Yaacob, N. A., Noor, R. M., Najid, N. A., & Zulkifli, N. (2021). Strengthening the gig economy: Future of digital labor workforce platform post-Covid-19. GADING (Online) Journal for Social Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, 24(04).FathiyahA.RahimA.YaacobN. A.NoorR. M.NajidN. A.ZulkifliN., (2021). Strengthening the gig economy: Future of digital labor workforce platform post-Covid-19. GADING (Online) Journal for Social Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, 24(04).Search in Google Scholar
Gasz, M. (2020). Gig economy jako alternatywa dla tradycyjnego modelu świadczenia pracy. In: D. Kopycińska, & J. Korpysa (Eds.). Współczesne problemy gospodarowania (pp. 103–111). Fundacja Centrum Badań Socjologicznych.GaszM., (2020). Gig economy jako alternatywa dla tradycyjnego modelu świadczenia pracy. In: KopycińskaD.KorpysaJ. (Eds.). Współczesne problemy gospodarowania (pp. 103–111). Fundacja Centrum Badań Socjologicznych.Search in Google Scholar
Graham, M., & Anwar, M. A. (2019). The global gig economy: Towards a planetary labour market? First Monday, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v24i4.9913GrahamM.AnwarM. A., (2019). The global gig economy: Towards a planetary labour market?First Monday, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v24i4.9913Search in Google Scholar
Horemans, J., & Marx, I. (2017). Poverty and material deprivation among the self-employed in Europe: An exploration of a relatively uncharted landscape [IZA discussion paper no. 11007]. IZA.HoremansJ.MarxI., (2017). Poverty and material deprivation among the self-employed in Europe: An exploration of a relatively uncharted landscape [IZA discussion paper no. 11007]. IZA.Search in Google Scholar
Instrate, E., & Harris, J. (2017). The future of work the rise of the gig economy. NACo COUNTIES FUTURES LAB. Accessed 2024-01-21 from: https://www.naco.org/sites/default/files/documents/Gig-Economy.pdfInstrateE.HarrisJ., (2017). The future of work the rise of the gig economy. NACo COUNTIES FUTURES LAB. Accessed 2024-01-21 from: https://www.naco.org/sites/default/files/documents/Gig-Economy.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Lepanjuuri, K., Wishart, & R., Cornick, P. (2018). The characteristics of those in the gig economy: Final report. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy. Accessed 2023-12-12 from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/gig-economy-researchLepanjuuriK.WishartR.CornickP., (2018). The characteristics of those in the gig economy: Final report. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy. Accessed 2023-12-12 from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/gig-economy-researchSearch in Google Scholar
Lockey, A. (2018). Free radicals. Demos.LockeyA., (2018). Free radicals. Demos.Search in Google Scholar
Manyika, J., Lund, S., Bughin, J., Robinson, K., Mischke, J., & Mahajan, D. (2016). Independent work: Choice, necessity and the gig economy. McKinsey Global Institute.ManyikaJ.LundS.BughinJ.RobinsonK.MischkeJ.MahajanD., (2016). Independent work: Choice, necessity and the gig economy. McKinsey Global Institute.Search in Google Scholar
Millar, K. M. (2017). Toward a critical politics of precarity. Sociology Compass, 11(6), e12483.MillarK. M., (2017). Toward a critical politics of precarity. Sociology Compass, 11(6), e12483.Search in Google Scholar
Miller, P. (2016). Freelance. Kariera zawodowa poza organizacją. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.MillerP., (2016). Freelance. Kariera zawodowa poza organizacją. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.Search in Google Scholar
Minter, K. (2017). Negotiating labour standards in the gig economy: Airtasker and Unions New South Wales. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 28(3), 438–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/103530461772430MinterK., (2017). Negotiating labour standards in the gig economy: Airtasker and Unions New South Wales. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 28(3), 438–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/103530461772430Search in Google Scholar
International Labour Organisation (2016). Non-standard employment around the world: Understanding challenges, shaping prospects – Overview.International Labour Organisation (2016). Non-standard employment around the world: Understanding challenges, shaping prospects – Overview.Search in Google Scholar
Ness, I. (Ed.). (2022). The Routledge handbook of the gig economy. Taylor & Francis.NessI. (Ed.). (2022). The Routledge handbook of the gig economy. Taylor & Francis.Search in Google Scholar
OECD (2021). The impact of the growth of the sharing and gig economy on VAT/GST policy and administration. Accessed: 2024-03-23 from: https://www.oecd.org/tax/consumption/the-impact-of-the-growth-of-the-sharing-and-gig-economy-on-vat-gst-policy-and-administration-51825505-en.htmOECD (2021). The impact of the growth of the sharing and gig economy on VAT/GST policy and administration. Accessed: 2024-03-23 from: https://www.oecd.org/tax/consumption/the-impact-of-the-growth-of-the-sharing-and-gig-economy-on-vat-gst-policy-and-administration-51825505-en.htmSearch in Google Scholar
Ostoj, I. (2013). Rozwój gig economy jako wyzwanie dla sfery regulacji rynku pracy. Studia prawno-ekonomiczne, T. CX, Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe, 110, 239–252. https://doi.org/10.26485/SPE/2019/110/13OstojI., (2013). Rozwój gig economy jako wyzwanie dla sfery regulacji rynku pracy. Studia prawno-ekonomiczne, T. CX, Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe, 110, 239–252. https://doi.org/10.26485/SPE/2019/110/13Search in Google Scholar
Ostoj, I. (2020). Praca w czasach cyfrowych platform technologicznych. Wydawnictwo UE w Katowicach.OstojI., (2020). Praca w czasach cyfrowych platform technologicznych. Wydawnictwo UE w Katowicach.Search in Google Scholar
Piwowar-Sulej, K., & Bąk-Grabowska, D. (2024). Developing future competencies of people employed in non-standard forms of employment: Employers’ and employees’ perspective. Personnel Review, 53(3), 721–742.Piwowar-SulejK.Bąk-GrabowskaD., (2024). Developing future competencies of people employed in non-standard forms of employment: Employers’ and employees’ perspective. Personnel Review, 53(3), 721–742.Search in Google Scholar
Roy, G., & Shrivastava, A. K. (2020). Future of gig economy: Opportunities and challenges. IMI Konnect, 9(1), 14–25.RoyG.ShrivastavaA. K., (2020). Future of gig economy: Opportunities and challenges. IMI Konnect, 9(1), 14–25.Search in Google Scholar
Rustagi, P. (2013). Changing patterns of labour force participation and employment of women in India. Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 56(2), 215–241.RustagiP., (2013). Changing patterns of labour force participation and employment of women in India. Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 56(2), 215–241.Search in Google Scholar
Semenza, R., & Pichault, F. (Eds.) (2019). The challenges of self-employment in Europe. Edward Elgar Publishing.SemenzaR.PichaultF. (Eds.) (2019). The challenges of self-employment in Europe. Edward Elgar Publishing.Search in Google Scholar
Tammelin, M. (2019). The solo self-employed and intrinsic financial security: Does the promotion of self-employment institutionalise dualisa-tion? Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, 27(2), 219–234.TammelinM., (2019). The solo self-employed and intrinsic financial security: Does the promotion of self-employment institutionalise dualisa-tion?Journal of Poverty and Social Justice, 27(2), 219–234.Search in Google Scholar
Vallas, S., & Juliet, B. (2020). What do platforms do? Understanding the gig economy. Annual Review of Sociology, 46 (1), 273–294.VallasS.JulietB., (2020). What do platforms do? Understanding the gig economy. Annual Review of Sociology, 46 (1), 273–294.Search in Google Scholar
Wiaderek, F., & Wiaderek, Z. (2022). Przełamując podziały pomiędzy ochroną pracy i konkurencji, czyli jak chronić uczestników gig economy? Internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny, 11(1), 45–65.WiaderekF.WiaderekZ., (2022). Przełamując podziały pomiędzy ochroną pracy i konkurencji, czyli jak chronić uczestników gig economy?Internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny, 11(1), 45–65.Search in Google Scholar
Woodcock, J. (2019). The impact of the gig economy. Work in the age of data. BBVA Openmind. Accessed 2024-01-29 from: https://www. bbvaopenmind.com/en/articles/the-impact-of-the-gig-economy/?ref=jamiewoodcock.netWoodcockJ., (2019). The impact of the gig economy. Work in the age of data. BBVA Openmind. Accessed 2024-01-29 from: https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/articles/the-impact-of-the-gig-economy/?ref=jamiewoodcock.netSearch in Google Scholar
Woodcock, J., & Graham, M. (2020). The gig economy: A critical introduction. Polity Press.WoodcockJ.GrahamM., (2020). The gig economy: A critical introduction. Polity Press.Search in Google Scholar
World Bank (2023). Working without borders: The promise and peril of online gig work. Accessed 2024-03-23 from: https://openknowledge. worldbank.org/entities/publication/ebc4a7e2-85c6-467b-8713-e2d77e954c6cWorld Bank, (2023). Working without borders: The promise and peril of online gig work. Accessed 2024-03-23 from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/ebc4a7e2-85c6-467b-8713-e2d77e954c6cSearch in Google Scholar
Zakrzewska, M. (2022). Jaki wpływ na gospodarkę gig economy będzie miał wyrok Sądu Najwyższego Wielkiej Brytanii, uznający kierow-ców Ubera za pracowników? Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Społecznej, 29(2), 233–249. https://doi.org/10.4467/25444654S PP.22.019.15693ZakrzewskaM., (2022). Jaki wpływ na gospodarkę gig economy będzie miał wyrok Sądu Najwyższego Wielkiej Brytanii, uznający kierow-ców Ubera za pracowników?Studia z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Społecznej, 29(2), 233–249. https://doi.org/10.4467/25444654SPP.22.019.15693Search in Google Scholar