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Abundance and annual distribution of freshwater snails and some trematode cercariae at Damietta Governorate, Egypt

M. E. El-Zeiny
M. E. El-Zeiny
, 
A. M. Ghoneim
A. M. Ghoneim
, 
O. A. Abu Samak
O. A. Abu Samak
 e 
A. A. Khidr
A. A. Khidr
   | 30 set 2021
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Pubblicato online: 30 set 2021
Pagine: 233 - 247
Ricevuto: 03 giu 2020
Accettato: 12 mag 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2021-0026
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© 2021 M. E. El-Zeiny, A. M. Ghoneim, O. A. Abu Samak, A. A. Khidr, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Location map showing study area in Damietta Governorate. Five sites were selected for this study; Al-Inaniyyah village; Izbat Al-Basartah village; EL-Shenawy village; EL-Serw and Kafr EL-Manazlla village.
Location map showing study area in Damietta Governorate. Five sites were selected for this study; Al-Inaniyyah village; Izbat Al-Basartah village; EL-Shenawy village; EL-Serw and Kafr EL-Manazlla village.

Fig. 2

Snail species collected from different sites in Damietta Governorate. a: Pila wernei; b: Lanistes carinatus; c: Lanistes varicus; d: Gabbiella senoriansis; e: Biomphalaria alexandrina; f: Segmentorbis angustus, and g: Melanoides tuberculata. (Scale bar: 1cm and 4mm)
Snail species collected from different sites in Damietta Governorate. a: Pila wernei; b: Lanistes carinatus; c: Lanistes varicus; d: Gabbiella senoriansis; e: Biomphalaria alexandrina; f: Segmentorbis angustus, and g: Melanoides tuberculata. (Scale bar: 1cm and 4mm)

Fig. 3

Types of cercariae harvested from Lanistes carinatus collected from different sites in Damietta Governorate. a: Gymnocephalus cercariae; b: Xiphidiocercariae. Bo, Cercarial body; Cg, Cystogenous gland; Os, Oral sucker; T, Cercarial tail; Vs, Ventral sucker. (Scale bar: 25μm)
Types of cercariae harvested from Lanistes carinatus collected from different sites in Damietta Governorate. a: Gymnocephalus cercariae; b: Xiphidiocercariae. Bo, Cercarial body; Cg, Cystogenous gland; Os, Oral sucker; T, Cercarial tail; Vs, Ventral sucker. (Scale bar: 25μm)

Fig. 4

Ordination diagram representing Canonical Correspondence Analysis of snail species and environmental variables in Damietta Governorate. a: Distribution of sampling sites and snail species along the gradients of environmental variables and b: Seasonal changes and snail species distributed along the gradients of environmental variables. (Ba: Biomphalaria alexandrina; Do: Dissolved oxygen; Ec: Electrical conductivity; Ga: Gabbiella senoriansis; Lc: Lanistes carinatus; Lv: Lanistes varicus; Mt: Melanoides tuberculata; pH; Water pH; Pw: Pila wernei; Sa: Segmentorbis angustus; Temp: Water temperature and TDS: Total dissolved salts).
Ordination diagram representing Canonical Correspondence Analysis of snail species and environmental variables in Damietta Governorate. a: Distribution of sampling sites and snail species along the gradients of environmental variables and b: Seasonal changes and snail species distributed along the gradients of environmental variables. (Ba: Biomphalaria alexandrina; Do: Dissolved oxygen; Ec: Electrical conductivity; Ga: Gabbiella senoriansis; Lc: Lanistes carinatus; Lv: Lanistes varicus; Mt: Melanoides tuberculata; pH; Water pH; Pw: Pila wernei; Sa: Segmentorbis angustus; Temp: Water temperature and TDS: Total dissolved salts).

Abundance of the collected snail species and prevalence of the cercarial types recovered from five sites in Damietta Governorate.

Snail species Al-Inaniyyah village Izbat Al-Basartah village EL-Shenawy village EL-Serw Kafr EL-Manazlla village Total
No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
Lanistes carinatus 200 43.1 172 43.77 174 68.77 167 69.01 147 85.47 860 56.43
Lanistes varicus 117 25.22 79 20.10 44 17.4 41 16.94 25 14.53 306 20.08
Pila wernei 24 5.17 19 4.83 0 0 0 0 0 0 43 2.82
Segmentorbis angustus 50 10.78 82 20.87 35 13.83 34 14.05 0 0 201 13.2
Melanoides tuberculata 24 5.17 18 4.58 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 2.76
Biomphalaria alexandrina 24 5.17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 1.57
Gabbiella senoriansis 25 5.39 23 5.85 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 3.14
Total No. of snail species in each site 464 393 253 242 172 1524
Cercariae type %
Gymnocephalus cercariae 3 0 0 0 9.52 2.32
Xiphidiocercariae 6 5.81 2.87 2.39 5.44 4.53

Seasonal changes in the abundance of snail species and the prevalence of cercaria types in Damietta Governorate.

Seasons
Snail species Winter Spring Summer Autumn P- value
%±SD %±SD %±SD %±SD
Lanistes carinatus 2.85±2.84 4.90±2.23 7.28±1.43 5.20±1.81 0.000
Lanistes varicus 0.26±0.33 1.56±0.71 2.80±0.65 1.55±0.93 0.000
Pila wernei 0.41±0.57 0.04±0.16 0.01±0.05 0.18±0.3 0.007
Segmentorbis angustus 1.54±1.93 1.02±2.02 0 0 0.006
Melanoides tuberculata 0 0.33±0.93 0.22±0.62 0 0.26
Biomphalaria alexandrina 0 0.11±0.44 0.25±0.62 0 0.3
Gabbiella senoriansis 0 0.21±0.46 0.60±0.78 0.04±0.16 0.003
Cercariae type %±SD %±SD %± SD %±SD P-value
Gymnocephalus cercariae 0 4.05±7.13 3.76±9.24 0.55±2.15 0.14
Xiphidiocercariae 1.5±3.98 0.36±1.42 9.57±7.66 1.64±4.62 0.00

Monte Carlo test for evaluating the significance of environmental parameters in Damietta Governorate.

Variables Variance explained F-ratio P-value
Temp. 0.23 14.05 0.002
Ec 0.04 2.26 0.06
pH 0.01 0.73 0.596
Do 0 0.36 0.832
TDS 0.01 0.19 0.812

Correlation analysis of the relationship between the physicochemical parameters of water and both of the snail abundance and cercaria prevalence in Damietta Governorate.

Snail species Temp. °C Do.mg/L TDS ppm EC μS/cm pH
Lanistes carinatus 0.653**(0.00) -0.587**(0.00) -0.651**(0.00) -0.428**(0.001) -0.074(0.576)
Lanistes varicus 0.874**(0.00) -0.715**(0.00) -0.247(0.057) -0.155(0.236) -0.111(0.397)
Pila wernei -0.415**(0.001) 0.329*(0.01) 0.454**(0.00) 0.507**(0.00) -0.125(0.343)
Segmentorbis angustus -0.496**(0.00) 0.425**(0.001) 0.189(0.148) 0.170(0.195) -0.043(0.747)
Melanoides tuberculata 0.124(0.346) -0.074(0.572) -0.008(0.95) -0.030(0.818) -0.057(0.665)
Biomphalaria alexandrina 0.158(0.227) -0.172(0.188) 0.032(0.808) 0.074(0.575) 0.040(0.761)
Gabbiella senoriansis 0.383**(0.003) -0.450**(0.00) 0.028(0.83) -0.071(0.588) -0.072(0.582)
Cercaria type
Gymnocephalus cercariae 0.203(0.119) 0.146(0.267) -0.11(0.404) -0.112(0.395) 0.080(0.542)
Xiphidiocercariae 0.494**(0.00) -0.522**(0.00) -0.031(0.813) -0.140(0.284) -0.121(0.356)

Variability of water physicochemical parameters among the sites of snail collection in Damietta Governorate.

Sites Temp. °C Do. mg/L TDS Ppm EC μS/cm pH
Al-Inaniyyah 21.95±6.20 6.74±0.95 823.58±439.28 1380±650 7.59±0.30
Izbat Al-Basartah village 22.08±6.52 6.44±0.95 669.75±368.12 850±320 7.47±0.29
EL-Shenawy village 21.83±6.90 6.61±0.92 433.08±126.44 640±180 7.74±0.35
EL-Serw 21.75±6.48 6.66±1 624.08±362.63 920±530 7.58±0.40
Kafr EL-Manazlla village 22.29±6.01 7.02±0.61 385.50±88.93 570±1300 7.59±0.30

Biodiversity indices of the freshwater snails collected from five sites in Damietta Governorate.

Snail species Al-Inaniyyah village Izbat Al-Basartah village EL-Shenawy village EL-Serw Kafr EL-Manazlla village P- value
Shannon – index (H) 1.44±0.49 1.21±0.27 0.77±0.16 1.04±0.71 0.62±0.13 0.086
Richness – index (d) 0.69±0.24 0.5±0.13 0.2±0.2 0.27±0.1 0.19 0.64
Evenness – index (E) 0.86±0.16 0.78±0.36 0.89±0.21 1.1±0.56 0.9±0.18 0.002
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