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Clinical-parasitological screening for respiratory capillariosis in cats in urban environments

P. Stepanović
P. Stepanović
, 
D. Despotović
D. Despotović
, 
S. Dimitrijević
S. Dimitrijević
 e 
T. Ilić
T. Ilić
   | 19 nov 2020
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Article Category: Research Note
Pubblicato online: 19 nov 2020
Pagine: 322 - 334
Ricevuto: 03 apr 2020
Accettato: 24 lug 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0046
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© 2020 P. Stepanović, D. Despotović, S. Dimitrijević, T. Ilić, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Necropsy in one cat, light microscopy. A) Female C. aerophila with eggs embedded in the remnant uterus in the trachea of a cat, native preparation (100x magnification); B) Eggs of C. aerophila detected in microscopic examination of the tracheal lavage, native preparation (400x magnification)
Necropsy in one cat, light microscopy. A) Female C. aerophila with eggs embedded in the remnant uterus in the trachea of a cat, native preparation (100x magnification); B) Eggs of C. aerophila detected in microscopic examination of the tracheal lavage, native preparation (400x magnification)

Fig. 2

Coprology examination, light microscopy. A) Eggs of C. aerophila (100x magnification); B) Egg of C. aerophila (400x magnification); C) Egg polar plugs of C. aerophila (1000x magnification). Missing thickening at the base of the bipolar plug (arrow).
Coprology examination, light microscopy. A) Eggs of C. aerophila (100x magnification); B) Egg of C. aerophila (400x magnification); C) Egg polar plugs of C. aerophila (1000x magnification). Missing thickening at the base of the bipolar plug (arrow).

Fig. 3

(A) ventrodorsal and (B) right lateral thoracic X-rays of a two-year-old male cat with Capillaria aerophila infection. A complex lung pattern is visible across the pulmonary fields, characterized by bronchial and alveolar changes and mild reticular interstitial pattern, with the symptoms of the respiratory signs due to; tachypnoea, dyspnoea with abdominal breathing, and end-inspiratory crackles upon auscultation.
(A) ventrodorsal and (B) right lateral thoracic X-rays of a two-year-old male cat with Capillaria aerophila infection. A complex lung pattern is visible across the pulmonary fields, characterized by bronchial and alveolar changes and mild reticular interstitial pattern, with the symptoms of the respiratory signs due to; tachypnoea, dyspnoea with abdominal breathing, and end-inspiratory crackles upon auscultation.

Fig. 4

(A, C, D, E, and F) right lateral thoracic and (B) left lateral thoracic X-rays of the cats with Capillaria aerophila infection. (A) Right lateral thoracic X-ray a 9 year - old female infected with C. aerophila. A complex lung pattern is visible across the pulmonary fields, characterized by bronchial and alveolar changes and mild reticular interstitial pattern and there is an enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with collapses tracheae and ascites. (B) Left lateral thoracic X-ray an 8,5 year - old male infected with C. aerophila. An oedema pulmonum is present and there is a large enlargement of the cardiac silhouette due to the dilated cardiomyopathy with hydropericardium present with bronchial wall thickening and increased interstitial opacity. (C) Right lateral thoracic X-ray a 6 year - old female infected with C. aerophila. Bacterial bronchopneumonia with complex lung pattern, characterized by bronchial and alveolar changes and emphysema and atelectasis of the diaphragmatic lobes. (D) Right lateral thoracic X-ray a 9 year - old female infected with C. aerophila. The virus caused bronchopneumonia with secondary bacterial complications and complex lung pattern, characterized by bronchial and alveolar changes with atelectasis of caudal pulmonary lobes and increased interstitial opacity. (E) Right lateral thoracic X-ray a 7,5 year -old male infected with C. aerophila. Bacterial bronchopneumonia complicated with pneumothorax and pulmonary hypertension - there is an enlargement of the pulmonary artery of the caudal lobar pulmonary artery. (F) Right lateral thoracic X-ray a 7,5 year -old male infected with C. aerophila. Bronchoalveolar localization of Ca with oedema pulmonum characterized by bronchial and alveolar changes and very difficult respiratory signs due to; tachypnoea, dyspnoea with abdominal breathing, and end-inspiratory crackles upon auscultation.
(A, C, D, E, and F) right lateral thoracic and (B) left lateral thoracic X-rays of the cats with Capillaria aerophila infection. (A) Right lateral thoracic X-ray a 9 year - old female infected with C. aerophila. A complex lung pattern is visible across the pulmonary fields, characterized by bronchial and alveolar changes and mild reticular interstitial pattern and there is an enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with collapses tracheae and ascites. (B) Left lateral thoracic X-ray an 8,5 year - old male infected with C. aerophila. An oedema pulmonum is present and there is a large enlargement of the cardiac silhouette due to the dilated cardiomyopathy with hydropericardium present with bronchial wall thickening and increased interstitial opacity. (C) Right lateral thoracic X-ray a 6 year - old female infected with C. aerophila. Bacterial bronchopneumonia with complex lung pattern, characterized by bronchial and alveolar changes and emphysema and atelectasis of the diaphragmatic lobes. (D) Right lateral thoracic X-ray a 9 year - old female infected with C. aerophila. The virus caused bronchopneumonia with secondary bacterial complications and complex lung pattern, characterized by bronchial and alveolar changes with atelectasis of caudal pulmonary lobes and increased interstitial opacity. (E) Right lateral thoracic X-ray a 7,5 year -old male infected with C. aerophila. Bacterial bronchopneumonia complicated with pneumothorax and pulmonary hypertension - there is an enlargement of the pulmonary artery of the caudal lobar pulmonary artery. (F) Right lateral thoracic X-ray a 7,5 year -old male infected with C. aerophila. Bronchoalveolar localization of Ca with oedema pulmonum characterized by bronchial and alveolar changes and very difficult respiratory signs due to; tachypnoea, dyspnoea with abdominal breathing, and end-inspiratory crackles upon auscultation.

Modifications from physiological parameters find on a general and special examination for 23 cats positive for C. aerophila

Blood count results
Cat N° Sex Age (TM Kg) Animal Condition Fever Ower (°C) 38 - 39.5 Assessing Dehydration Pulse 140-120 Heart Murmurs Resp.Rate 20-30 Dyspnea and cyanosis Crackles Coffin WBC 109/L 3.8-19.5 Er1012 g/L 5.0-10.5 Eo % 2-12% RTG pic No: Degre of infection Coprology Diagnose The outcome of treated cats
1 M 3.5 3.2 Critical 35.5 (O) 8-10 225 M 2/6 80 +++ ++ ++ 23.000 4.5 6 - +++ BP DV, EX
2 M 5 5.0 Excellent 39.0 (A) 130 - 55 - - - 17.000 9.5 2 - + GIP DV
3 M 2 3.8 Fair (SF) 40 (M) 5-8 210 M T 23//6 6 75 ++ + + 21.000 5.5 3 A, 3 B + BP DV
4 M 7 5.2 Good 38.5 (A) 156 - 50 - - - 17.500 7.5 2 - + GIP DV
5 F 6 4.2 Fair (WI) 40.3 (M) 5-8 196 - 75 ++ + ++ 22.000 5.0 4 3 ++ BP DV
6 F 9 3.5 Poor 36.5 (O) 8-10 240 - 80 ++ + ++ 6.000 5.0 2 4 + DCa DV, EX
7 F 4.5 8.0 Fair 38.5 (A) 150 - 50 - - - 15.000 6.0 2 - + GIP DV
8 F 6.5 4.0 Fair 38.6 (A) 145 - 42 - - - 16.000 6.5 2 - + GIP DV
9 F 5.5 4,6 Good 38.0 (A) 140 - 40 - - - 18.000 8.0 2 - + GIP DV
10 F 3 3.6 Fair 38.7 (A) 140 - 36 + - + 17.000 8.0 2 - + GIP DV
11 M 7.5 5.0 Fair (WI) 40.2 (M) 5-8 230 M 3/6 80 ++ + + 21.500 6.0 5 5 ++ PT S, DV
12 F 6 4.6 Good 38.2 (A) 130 - 30 - - - 18.000 8.5 2 - + GIP DV
13 F 6.5 5 Fair 38.4 (A) 136 - 32 - - - 16.500 8.0 2 - + GIP DV
14 F 7 3.8 Fair 38.0 (A) 140 - 36 - - - 17.500 8.5 2 - + GIP DV
15 M 8 5.3 Good (WI) 40.1 (A) 195 A 2/6 70 + - + 26.000 5.5 3 - ++ GIP DV
16 M 8,5 9.2 Fair 38.0 (A) 150 M 3/6 55 - - - 18.000 6.5 2 2 + GIP,HP DV
17 F 9 3.3 Poor 37.2 (M) 5-8 165 P T 12//6 6 60 - - ++ 7.000 6.0 4 1 ++ HP, CHF CT, BP, DV
18 M 3 3.5 Poor (WI) 40.5 (M) 5-8 170 P M 43/6 /6 65 ++ + ++ 5.000 6.5 5 6 ++ BaCa, BP DV, EX
19 F 3.5 4.2 Good 38.0 (A) 130 - 30 - - - 18.600 7.0 4 - + GIP DV
20 F 5 4.3 Good 38.3 (A) 135 - 35 - - - 16.000 6.5 3 - + GIP, DV
21 M 7.5 5.5 Fair 38.1 (A) 126 - 28 - - - 14.500 7.0 4 - + GIP DV
22 F 6 4.1 Fair 38.0 (A) 140 - 30 - - - 16.400 7.5 3 - + GI DV
23 M 5 4 Fair 38.6 (A) 140 - 32 - - - 14.400 6.5 3 5 + PT, GIP, CHF, DV

Prevalence of endoparasites diagnosed in the feces of examined cats N =155 (number of cats tested); No= case number of infection; % = infection prevalence rate;

Total number of cats tested In Monoinfection*
ENDOPARASITES No N% No N%
Toxocara mystax 29 18.71 13 8.39
Capillaria aerophila 23 14.84 16 10.32
Isospora spp. 17 10.97 6 3.87
Ancylostomatidae 12 7.74 5 3.22
Dipylidium caninum 5 3.22 2 1.29
Toxascaris leonina 3 1.93 3 1.93
TOTAL: (67 positive cats of endoparasites) N% 43,22
*(45 positive cats with monoinfection) N% 29,03

Prevalence of mixed endoparasites infections diagnosed in the feces of examined cats N =155 (total number of cats tested); No= case number of infection; % = rate in coinfection;

ENDOPARASITES NO N% In Double infections NO N%
Toxocara mystax 16 10.32 Toxocara mystax 4 2.58
Capillaria aerophila 7 4.52 Capillaria aerophila Isospora spp. 3 1.93
Isospora spp. 11 7.10 Capillaria aerophila Isospora spp. 5 3.22
Ancylostomatidae 7 4.51 Toxocara mystax Isospora spp. 3 1.93
Dipylidium caninum 3 1.93 Ancylostomatidae Toxocara mystax 4 2.58
Toxascaris leonina / / Ancylostomatidae Toxocara mystax 3 1.93
Dipylidium caninum
TOTAL: (22 positive cats of double infections) N% 14.19
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