Multimodal biofilm control strategies for spacecraft water systems: Evaluating coatings, nutrient removal, and biocides for improved sustainability

Adam NM (2009) Compatibility study of silver biocide in drinking water with candidate metals for the crew exploration vehicle potable water system. In 39th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 0148–7191. AdamNM 2009 Compatibility study of silver biocide in drinking water with candidate metals for the crew exploration vehicle potable water system In 39th International Conference on Environmental Systems 0148–7191. Search in Google Scholar

ASTM (2021) ASTM E3161-21: Standard practice for preparing pseudomonas aeruginosa or staphylococcus aureus biofilm using the CDC Biofilm Reactor. ASTM. ASTM 2021 ASTM E3161-21: Standard practice for preparing pseudomonas aeruginosa or staphylococcus aureus biofilm using the CDC Biofilm Reactor ASTM Search in Google Scholar

Atlas RM (2010) Handbook of Microbiological Media, Fourth Edition, Taylor & Francis. https://books.google.com/books?id=Pj5FAQAAIAAJ AtlasRM 2010 Handbook of Microbiological Media, Fourth Edition Taylor & Francis https://books.google.com/books?id=Pj5FAQAAIAAJ Search in Google Scholar

Azim N, Diaz A, Li W, Calle LM, Irwin T, Callahan M (2020) Literature review of disinfection techniques for water treatment. In International Conference on Environmental Systems, ICES-2020-132. AzimN DiazA LiW CalleLM IrwinT CallahanM 2020 Literature review of disinfection techniques for water treatment In International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2020-132. Search in Google Scholar

Beitle E, McCormick M, McCall M, Sandvik EL, Justiniano Y-AV, Williamson J (2024) Ground test validations for uncrewed dormancy preparation and recovery. In 53rd International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES), ICES-2024-307. BeitleE McCormickM McCallM SandvikEL JustinianoY-AV WilliamsonJ 2024 Ground test validations for uncrewed dormancy preparation and recovery In 53rd International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES) ICES-2024-307. Search in Google Scholar

Beringer DM, Steele JW, Nalette TA (2014) Long-term storage of potable water in metallic vessels. In Google Patents. BeringerDM SteeleJW NaletteTA 2014 Long-term storage of potable water in metallic vessels In Google Patents Search in Google Scholar

Callahan MR, Adam NM, Roberts MS, Garland JL, Sager JC, Pickering KD (2007) Assessment of silver based disinfection technology for CEV and future US spacecraft. SAE Transactions 481–491. CallahanMR AdamNM RobertsMS GarlandJL SagerJC PickeringKD 2007 Assessment of silver based disinfection technology for CEV and future US spacecraft SAE Transactions 481 491 Search in Google Scholar

Carter DL (2010) Status of the regenerative ECLSS Water Recovery System. In International Conference of Environmental Systems, Barcelona, Spain. CarterDL 2010 Status of the regenerative ECLSS Water Recovery System In International Conference of Environmental Systems Barcelona, Spain Search in Google Scholar

Chi T, Ballinger T, Olds R, Zecchino M (2015) Surface Texture Analysis using Dektak Stylus Profilers. Bruker. https://fliphtml5.com/ibwv/hpas/ ChiT BallingerT OldsR ZecchinoM 2015 Surface Texture Analysis using Dektak Stylus Profilers Bruker https://fliphtml5.com/ibwv/hpas/ Search in Google Scholar

Demir B, Taylor A, Broughton RM, Huang TS, Bozack MJ, Worley SD (2022) N-halamine surface coating for mitigation of biofilm and microbial contamination in water systems for space travel. Biofilm 4:100076. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100076 DemirB TaylorA BroughtonRM HuangTS BozackMJ WorleySD 2022 N-halamine surface coating for mitigation of biofilm and microbial contamination in water systems for space travel Biofilm 4 100076 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100076 Search in Google Scholar

Diaz A, Li W, Irwin T, Calle L (2021) An updated modeling study on nutrient deprivation as a biofilm mitigation strategy for long term space missions. In 50th International Conference on Environmental Systems, ICES-2021-248. DiazA LiW IrwinT CalleL 2021 An updated modeling study on nutrient deprivation as a biofilm mitigation strategy for long term space missions In 50th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2021-248. Search in Google Scholar

Donlan RM (2002) Biofilms: Microbial life on surfaces. Emerging infectious diseases 8:881–890. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0809.020063 DonlanRM 2002 Biofilms: Microbial life on surfaces Emerging infectious diseases 8 881 890 https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0809.020063 Search in Google Scholar

Elasri MO, Miller RV (1999) Study of the response of a biofilm bacterial community to UV radiation. Applied and environmental microbiology 65:2025–2031. ElasriMO MillerRV 1999 Study of the response of a biofilm bacterial community to UV radiation Applied and environmental microbiology 65 2025 2031 Search in Google Scholar

Elser JJ (2012) Phosphorus: A limiting nutrient for humanity. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 23:833–838. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2012.03.001 ElserJJ 2012 Phosphorus: A limiting nutrient for humanity Current Opinion in Biotechnology 23 833 838 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2012.03.001 Search in Google Scholar

Esbelin J, Santos T, Hébraud M (2018) Desiccation: An environmental and food industry stress that bacteria commonly face. Food Microbiology 69:82–88. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2017.07.017 EsbelinJ SantosT HébraudM 2018 Desiccation: An environmental and food industry stress that bacteria commonly face Food Microbiology 69 82 88 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2017.07.017 Search in Google Scholar

Filice S, Sciuto EL, Scalese S, Faro G, Libertino S, Corso D, Timpanaro RM, Laganà P, Coniglio MA (2022) Innovative antibiofilm smart surface against legionella for water systems. Microorganisms 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050870 FiliceS SciutoEL ScaleseS FaroG LibertinoS CorsoD TimpanaroRM LaganàP ConiglioMA 2022 Innovative antibiofilm smart surface against legionella for water systems Microorganisms 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050870 Search in Google Scholar

Flemming H-C, Neu TR, Wozniak DJ (2007) The EPS matrix: The “House of Biofilm Cells”. Journal of Bacteriology 189:7945–7947. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00858-07 FlemmingH-C NeuTR WozniakDJ 2007 The EPS matrix: The “House of Biofilm Cells” Journal of Bacteriology 189 7945 7947 https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00858-07 Search in Google Scholar

Flores P, McBride SA, Galazka JM, Varanasi KK, Zea L (2023) Biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in spaceflight is minimized on lubricant impregnated surfaces. NPJ Microgravity 9: 66. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-023-00316-w FloresP McBrideSA GalazkaJM VaranasiKK ZeaL 2023 Biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in spaceflight is minimized on lubricant impregnated surfaces NPJ Microgravity 9 66 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-023-00316-w Search in Google Scholar

Hwang C, Ling F, Andersen Gary L, LeChevallier Mark W, Liu W-T (2012) Microbial community dynamics of an urban drinking water distribution system subjected to phases of chloramination and chlorination treatments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78:7856–7865. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01892-12 HwangC LingF Andersen GaryL LeChevallier MarkW LiuW-T 2012 Microbial community dynamics of an urban drinking water distribution system subjected to phases of chloramination and chlorination treatments Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78 7856 7865 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01892-12 Search in Google Scholar

Johnson E, Petersen T, Goeres DM (2021) Characterizing the shearing stresses within the CDC Biofilm Reactor using computational fluid dynamics. Microorganisms 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081709 JohnsonE PetersenT GoeresDM 2021 Characterizing the shearing stresses within the CDC Biofilm Reactor using computational fluid dynamics Microorganisms 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081709 Search in Google Scholar

Knetsch MLW, Koole LH (2011) New strategies in the development of antimicrobial coatings: The example of increasing usage of silver and silver nanoparticles. Polymers 3:340–366. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/3/1/340 KnetschMLW KooleLH 2011 New strategies in the development of antimicrobial coatings: The example of increasing usage of silver and silver nanoparticles Polymers 3 340 366 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/3/1/340 Search in Google Scholar

Li Sip YY, Jacobs A, Morales A, Sun M, Roberson LB, Hummerick ME, Roy H, Kik P, Zhai L (2023) Slippery lubricant-infused silica nanoparticulate film processing for anti-biofouling applications. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 21:22808000231184688. https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000231184688 Li SipYY JacobsA MoralesA SunM RobersonLB HummerickME RoyH KikP ZhaiL 2023 Slippery lubricant-infused silica nanoparticulate film processing for anti-biofouling applications J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 21 22808000231184688. https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000231184688 Search in Google Scholar

Li W, Calle L, Hanford A, Stambaugh I, Callahan M (2018) Investigation of silver biocide as a disinfection tehcnology for spacecraft–an early literature review. In 48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, ICES-2018-82. LiW CalleL HanfordA StambaughI CallahanM 2018 Investigation of silver biocide as a disinfection tehcnology for spacecraft–an early literature review In 48th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2018-82. Search in Google Scholar

Mah T-FC, O'Toole GA (2001) Mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents. Trends in Microbiology 9:34–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-842X(00)01913-2 MahT-FC O'TooleGA 2001 Mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents Trends in Microbiology 9 34 39 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-842X(00)01913-2 Search in Google Scholar

Mettler MK, Parker CW, Venkateswaran K, Peyton BM (2022) Antimicrobial coating efficacy for prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm growth on ISS water system materials [Original research]. Frontiers in Microbiology 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.874236 MettlerMK ParkerCW VenkateswaranK PeytonBM 2022 Antimicrobial coating efficacy for prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm growth on ISS water system materials [Original research] Frontiers in Microbiology 13 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.874236 Search in Google Scholar

Munavalli GR, Kumar MSM (2003) Optimal scheduling of multiple chlorine sources in water distribution systems. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 129:493–504. https://doi.org/doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2003)129:6(493) MunavalliGR KumarMSM 2003 Optimal scheduling of multiple chlorine sources in water distribution systems Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 129 493 504 https://doi.org/doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2003)129:6(493) Search in Google Scholar

Pan R, Zhang T-Y, He H, Zheng Z-X, Dong Z-Y, Zhao H-X, Xu M-Y, Luo Z-N, Hu C-Y, Tang Y-L, El-Din MG, Xu B (2023) Mixed chlorine/chloramines in disinfected water and drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs): A critical review. Water Research 247:120736. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120736 PanR ZhangT-Y HeH ZhengZ-X DongZ-Y ZhaoH-X XuM-Y LuoZ-N HuC-Y TangY-L El-DinMG XuB 2023 Mixed chlorine/chloramines in disinfected water and drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs): A critical review Water Research 247 120736 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120736 Search in Google Scholar

Petala M, Tsiridis V, Darakas E, Mintsouli I, Sotiropoulos S, Kostoglou M, Karapantsios T, Rebeyre P (2016) Silver deposition on wetted materials used in the potable water systems of the International Space Station. In 46th International Conference on Environmental Systems. PetalaM TsiridisV DarakasE MintsouliI SotiropoulosS KostoglouM KarapantsiosT RebeyreP 2016 Silver deposition on wetted materials used in the potable water systems of the International Space Station In 46th International Conference on Environmental Systems Search in Google Scholar

Petala M, Tsiridis V, Mintsouli I, Pliatsikas N, Spanos T, Rebeyre P, Darakas E, Patsalas P, Vourlias G, Kostoglou M (2017) Silver deposition on stainless steel container surfaces in contact with disinfectant silver aqueous solutions. Applied Surface Science 396:1067–1075. PetalaM TsiridisV MintsouliI PliatsikasN SpanosT RebeyreP DarakasE PatsalasP VourliasG KostoglouM 2017 Silver deposition on stainless steel container surfaces in contact with disinfectant silver aqueous solutions Applied Surface Science 396 1067 1075 Search in Google Scholar

Peyton BM, Characklis WG (1993) A statistical analysis of the effect of substrate utilization and shear stress on the kinetics of biofilm detachment. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41:728–735. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410707 PeytonBM CharacklisWG 1993 A statistical analysis of the effect of substrate utilization and shear stress on the kinetics of biofilm detachment Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 728 735 https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410707 Search in Google Scholar

Radetić M (2013) Functionalization of textile materials with silver nanoparticles. Journal of Materials Science 48:95–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6677-7 RadetićM 2013 Functionalization of textile materials with silver nanoparticles Journal of Materials Science 48 95 107 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6677-7 Search in Google Scholar

Roberson EB, Firestone MK (1992) Relationship between desiccation and exopolysaccharide production in a soil Pseudomonas sp. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58:1284–1291. https://doi.org/doi:10.1128/aem.58.4.1284-1291.1992 RobersonEB FirestoneMK 1992 Relationship between desiccation and exopolysaccharide production in a soil Pseudomonas sp Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58 1284 1291 https://doi.org/doi:10.1128/aem.58.4.1284-1291.1992 Search in Google Scholar

Roberts MS, Hummerick ME, Edney SL, Bisbee PA, Callahan MR, Loucks S, Pickering KD, Sager JC (2007) Assessment of silver based disinfection technology for CEV and future US spacecraft: microbial efficacy (0148–7191). RobertsMS HummerickME EdneySL BisbeePA CallahanMR LoucksS PickeringKD SagerJC 2007 Assessment of silver based disinfection technology for CEV and future US spacecraft: microbial efficacy (0148–7191). Search in Google Scholar

Samuel MS, Moghaddam ST, Shang M, Niu J (2022) A flexible anti-biofilm hygiene coating for water devices. ACS Appl Bio Mater 5:3991–3998. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.2c00538 SamuelMS MoghaddamST ShangM NiuJ 2022 A flexible anti-biofilm hygiene coating for water devices ACS Appl Bio Mater 5 3991 3998 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.2c00538 Search in Google Scholar

Sandvik E, Stewart P, Goeres D, Sturman P (2022) Center for biofilm engineering recommendations for addition of trace nutrients to microbial ersatz. In J. Williamson and Y.A. Velez Justiniano (eds.). SandvikE StewartP GoeresD SturmanP 2022 Center for biofilm engineering recommendations for addition of trace nutrients to microbial ersatz In WilliamsonJ. Velez JustinianoY.A. (eds.). Search in Google Scholar

Schierholz JM, Lucas LJ, Rump A, Pulverer G (1998) Efficacy of silver-coated medical devices. Journal of Hospital Infection 4:257–262. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6701(98)90301-2 SchierholzJM LucasLJ RumpA PulvererG 1998 Efficacy of silver-coated medical devices Journal of Hospital Infection 4 257 262 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6701(98)90301-2 Search in Google Scholar

Schultz JR, Flanagan DT, Bruce R J, Huls MH, Pierson DL, Sauer RL (1994) Evaluation of methods for remediating biofilms in spacecraft potable water systems. SAE transactions 939–949. SchultzJR FlanaganDT BruceR J HulsMH PiersonDL SauerRL 1994 Evaluation of methods for remediating biofilms in spacecraft potable water systems SAE transactions 939 949 Search in Google Scholar

Schultz JR, Flanagan DT, Bruce R J, Mudgett PD, Carr SE, Rutz JA, Huls MH, Sauer RL, Pierson DL (1992) Biofilm formation and control in a simulated spacecraft water system: Three year results. SAE Transactions 1032–1044. SchultzJR FlanaganDT BruceR J MudgettPD CarrSE RutzJA HulsMH SauerRL PiersonDL 1992 Biofilm formation and control in a simulated spacecraft water system: Three year results SAE Transactions 1032 1044 Search in Google Scholar

Si X, Quan X, Wu Y (2015) A small-molecule norspermidine and norspermidine-hosting polyelectrolyte coatings inhibit biofilm formation by multi-species wastewater culture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99:10861–10870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6943-0 SiX QuanX WuY 2015 A small-molecule norspermidine and norspermidine-hosting polyelectrolyte coatings inhibit biofilm formation by multi-species wastewater culture Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99 10861 10870 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6943-0 Search in Google Scholar

Sim W, Barnard RT, Blaskovich MAT, Ziora ZM (2018) Antimicrobial silver in medicinal and consumer applications: A patent review of the past decade (2007–2017). Antibiotics (Basel) 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics7040093 SimW BarnardRT BlaskovichMAT ZioraZM 2018 Antimicrobial silver in medicinal and consumer applications: A patent review of the past decade (2007–2017) Antibiotics (Basel) 7 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics7040093 Search in Google Scholar

Sójka O, Keskin D, van der Mei HC, van Rijn P, Gagliano MC (2023) Nanogel-based coating as an alternative strategy for biofilm control in drinking water distribution systems. Biofouling 39:121–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2023.2190023 SójkaO KeskinD van der MeiHC van RijnP GaglianoMC 2023 Nanogel-based coating as an alternative strategy for biofilm control in drinking water distribution systems Biofouling 39 121 134 https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2023.2190023 Search in Google Scholar

Tsagkari E, Connelly S, Liu Z, McBride A, Sloan WT (2022) The role of shear dynamics in biofilm formation. npj Biofilms and Microbiomes 8:33. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-022-00300-4 TsagkariE ConnellyS LiuZ McBrideA SloanWT 2022 The role of shear dynamics in biofilm formation npj Biofilms and Microbiomes 8 33 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-022-00300-4 Search in Google Scholar

Velez Justiniano Y-A, Carter D, Sandvik E, Stewart P, Goeres D, Sturman P, Li W, Johnson A, Cioanta I (2021) Biofilm management in a microgravity water recovery system. In 50th International Conference on Environmental Systems. Velez JustinianoY-A CarterD SandvikE StewartP GoeresD SturmanP LiW JohnsonA CioantaI 2021 Biofilm management in a microgravity water recovery system In 50th International Conference on Environmental Systems Search in Google Scholar

Velez Justiniano Y-A, Lim Chae H, Dunlap Darren S, Sysoeva Tatyana A (2023) Genome sequences of three common bacterial isolates from wastewater from the water processor assembly at the International Space Station. Microbiology Resource Announcements 12:e01189–01122. https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.01189-22 Velez JustinianoY-A Lim ChaeH Dunlap DarrenS Sysoeva TatyanaA 2023 Genome sequences of three common bacterial isolates from wastewater from the water processor assembly at the International Space Station Microbiology Resource Announcements 12 e01189 01122 https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.01189-22 Search in Google Scholar

Velez Justiniano YA, Carter L, Nur M, Angle G (2020) Developing methods for biofilm control in microgravity for a water recovery system. In International Conference on Environmental Systems, Virtual. Velez JustinianoYA CarterL NurM AngleG 2020 Developing methods for biofilm control in microgravity for a water recovery system In International Conference on Environmental Systems, Virtual Search in Google Scholar

Wallace W, Castro-Wallace S, Kuo C, Loh L, Hudson E, Gazda D, Lewis J (2016) Effects of material choice on biocide loss in Orion water storage tanks. WallaceW Castro-WallaceS KuoC LohL HudsonE GazdaD LewisJ 2016 Effects of material choice on biocide loss in Orion water storage tanks Search in Google Scholar

Wallace WT, Wallace SL, Loh LJ, Kuo CM, Hudson Jr EK, Marlar TJ, Gazda DB (2017) Effects of materials surface preparation for use in spacecraft potable water storage tanks. Acta Astronautica 141:30–35. WallaceWT WallaceSL LohLJ KuoCM HudsonEKJr MarlarTJ GazdaDB 2017 Effects of materials surface preparation for use in spacecraft potable water storage tanks Acta Astronautica 141 30 35 Search in Google Scholar

Wingender J, Flemming H-C (2011) Biofilms in drinking water and their role as reservoir for pathogens. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 214:417–423. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.05.009 WingenderJ FlemmingH-C 2011 Biofilms in drinking water and their role as reservoir for pathogens International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 214 417 423 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.05.009 Search in Google Scholar

Yin W, Wang Y, Liu L, He J (2019) Biofilms: The microbial “Protective Clothing” in extreme environments. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20143423 YinW WangY LiuL HeJ 2019 Biofilms: The microbial “Protective Clothing” in extreme environments International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20143423 Search in Google Scholar

Zea L, McLean RJC, Rook TA, Angle G, Carter DL, Delegard A, Denvir A, Gerlach R, Gorti S, McIlwaine D, Nur M, Peyton BM, Stewart PS, Sturman P, Velez Justiniano YA (2020) Potential biofilm control strategies for extended spaceflight missions. Biofilm 2:100026. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioflm.2020.100026 ZeaL McLeanRJC RookTA AngleG CarterDL DelegardA DenvirA GerlachR GortiS McIlwaineD NurM PeytonBM StewartPS SturmanP Velez JustinianoYA 2020 Potential biofilm control strategies for extended spaceflight missions Biofilm 2 100026 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioflm.2020.100026 Search in Google Scholar

Zea L, Nisar Z, Rubin P, Cortesão M, Luo J, McBride SA, Moeller R, Klaus D, Müller D, Varanasi KK, Muecklich F, Stodieck L (2018) Design of a spaceflight biofilm experiment. Acta Astronautica 148:294–300. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.04.039 ZeaL NisarZ RubinP CortesãoM LuoJ McBrideSA MoellerR KlausD MüllerD VaranasiKK MuecklichF StodieckL 2018 Design of a spaceflight biofilm experiment Acta Astronautica 148 294 300 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.04.039 Search in Google Scholar