<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>Both Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients and astronauts in spaceflight suffer from muscle atrophy. Previous research suggests that the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) may be involved in the pathogenesis of ALS, but it is not known if ASM influences muscle atrophy in microgravity. In this study, <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans)</italic> were exposed to microgravity conditions on the International Space Station (ISS) within the confines of a Fluid Mixing Enclosure (FME). Return of the FME yielded 72,050 live nematodes, the first demonstration of <italic>C. elegans</italic> survival of space travel in an FME. After the nematodes returned to Earth, in much larger numbers than seen in previous FME experiments, the size and ASM expression levels in experimental worms were compared to control Earth-bound worms. <italic>C. elegans</italic> that returned from the ISS were larger in both length and cross-sectional area than the control worms, and they exhibited decreased expression of ASM-1 and ASM-2 proteins. Further research must be conducted to elucidate the role of ASM in muscle atrophy, as there were many limitations to this study. Understanding the role of ASM in muscle atrophy may lead to the discovery of novel targets for treatment of both ALS and muscle atrophy in microgravity. This study was a student led initiative and undertaken as a project within the Student Spaceflight Experiments Program (SSEP), under the auspices of the National Center for Earth and Space Science Education and the Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Space Education.</p></abstract>

Both Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients and astronauts in spaceflight suffer from muscle atrophy. Previous research suggests that the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) may be involved in the pathogenesis of ALS, but it is not known if ASM influences muscle atrophy in microgravity. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were exposed to microgravity conditions on the International Space Station (ISS) within the confines of a Fluid Mixing Enclosure (FME). Return of the FME yielded 72,050 live nematodes, the first demonstration of C. elegans survival of space travel in an FME. After the nematodes returned to Earth, in much larger numbers than seen in previous FME experiments, the size and ASM expression levels in experimental worms were compared to control Earth-bound worms. C. elegans that returned from the ISS were larger in both length and cross-sectional area than the control worms, and they exhibited decreased expression of ASM-1 and ASM-2 proteins. Further research must be conducted to elucidate the role of ASM in muscle atrophy, as there were many limitations to this study. Understanding the role of ASM in muscle atrophy may lead to the discovery of novel targets for treatment of both ALS and muscle atrophy in microgravity. This study was a student led initiative and undertaken as a project within the Student Spaceflight Experiments Program (SSEP), under the auspices of the National Center for Earth and Space Science Education and the Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Space Education.

Levels of Acid Sphingomyelinase (ASM) in <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans</italic> in Microgravity

MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research & National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Derby Hospital Centre

Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, St. Michael's Hospital

Gravitational and Space Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Levels of Acid Sphingomyelinase (ASM) in  in Microgravity

Both Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients and astronauts in spaceflight suffer from muscle atrophy. Previous research suggests that the enzyme acid...

Levels of Acid Sphingomyelinase (ASM) in Caenorhabditis elegans in Microgravity

Article Category: Research Article

Pubblicato online: 20 lug 2020

Pagine: 27 - 36

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2018-0003

Parole chiave
Muscle Atrophy, Student Spaceflight Experiments Program (SSEP), Fluid Mixing Enclosure System (FME), International Space Station (ISS), Sphingomyelinase, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

© 2018 Annabel K. Gravely et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Levels of Acid Sphingomyelinase (ASM) in Caenorhabditis elegans in Microgravity

Article Category: Research Article

Pubblicato online: 20 lug 2020

Pagine: 27 - 36

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2018-0003

Parole chiaveMuscle Atrophy, Student Spaceflight Experiments Program (SSEP), Fluid Mixing Enclosure System (FME), International Space Station (ISS), Sphingomyelinase, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

© 2018 Annabel K. Gravely et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Parole chiave
Muscle Atrophy, Student Spaceflight Experiments Program (SSEP), Fluid Mixing Enclosure System (FME), International Space Station (ISS), Sphingomyelinase, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)