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Mapping by VESGEN of Wing Vein Phenotype in Drosophila for Quantifying Adaptations to Space Environments

Patricia Parsons-Wingerter
Patricia Parsons-Wingerter
, 
Ravikumar Hosamani
Ravikumar Hosamani
, 
Mary B. Vickerman
Mary B. Vickerman
 e 
Sharmila Bhattacharya
Sharmila Bhattacharya
   | 01 dic 2015
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Article Category: Research Article
Pubblicato online: 01 dic 2015
Pagine: 54 - 64
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2015-0011
© 2015 Patricia Parsons-Wingerter et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Mappings by VESGEN of increasing ectopic wing venation from variable overexpression of Hairless (H-C2). (Left Column, images reproduced from Johannes and Preiss, 2002) Venation in the adult Drosophila wing generated by overexpression of H-C2 (Classes 1-5) is compared to wild type (Class 0). We have labeled stereotyped vessels in the wild type according to the terminology of these authors and Blair, 2007. Asterisks indicate sensitive, variable regions identified by Johannes and Preiss, 2002, where ectopic veins can arise by H-C2 overexpression. Class 0 (wild type), no ectopic veins; Class 1 (H-C2), ectopic veins in distal region of the costal cells between LV1 and LV2; Class 2 (H-C2), ectopic veins distal between LV1 and LV2 and close to LV5 in marginal cells; Class 3 (H-C2), increased branching of ectopic veins with vein dots between LV4 and LV5; Class 4 (H-C2), increased branching and detachment of posterior CV from LV5; and Class 5 (H-C2), massive network of ectopic veins and veinlets. (Right Column) Maps generated by VESGEN compare stereotyped venation (red) with ectopic venation (orange).
Mappings by VESGEN of increasing ectopic wing venation from variable overexpression of Hairless (H-C2). (Left Column, images reproduced from Johannes and Preiss, 2002) Venation in the adult Drosophila wing generated by overexpression of H-C2 (Classes 1-5) is compared to wild type (Class 0). We have labeled stereotyped vessels in the wild type according to the terminology of these authors and Blair, 2007. Asterisks indicate sensitive, variable regions identified by Johannes and Preiss, 2002, where ectopic veins can arise by H-C2 overexpression. Class 0 (wild type), no ectopic veins; Class 1 (H-C2), ectopic veins in distal region of the costal cells between LV1 and LV2; Class 2 (H-C2), ectopic veins distal between LV1 and LV2 and close to LV5 in marginal cells; Class 3 (H-C2), increased branching of ectopic veins with vein dots between LV4 and LV5; Class 4 (H-C2), increased branching and detachment of posterior CV from LV5; and Class 5 (H-C2), massive network of ectopic veins and veinlets. (Right Column) Maps generated by VESGEN compare stereotyped venation (red) with ectopic venation (orange).

Overexpression of Hairless (H-C2) induces an ectopic vein phenotype in the adult Drosophila wing, but does not significantly affect stereotyped venation patterning. Stereotyped and ectopic wing venation resulting from overexpression of H-C2 (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) was quantified by VESGEN in vascular maps (Figure 1) to obtain densities of vessel length (Lv, px px-2), vessel area (Av, px2 px-2), and vessel number (Nv, px-2). Results for the wild type and Class 5 wing are reproduced here.

Phenotype Wing Veins Ectopic Veins
Lv Av Lv Av Nv
Wild type 0.0250 0.0789 0.0004 0.0006 1
Class 5 veins Comparison to wild type 0.02571.03× 0.08921.13× 0.009524× 0.025442× 1818×

Changes in mRNA expression of selected genes in space returned 3rd instar larvae that are involved in wing development.

Gene Name Fold Change p-value Biological Processes
vrille (CG14029) -1.30 0.00 Imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization and biogenesis
Absent, small, or homeotic discs 2 or ash2 (CG6677) +0.60 0.00 Imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis; Imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification; Phenotypes of alleles manifest in wing vein L3, wing margin
CTP:phospho-choline cytidylyl transferase 1 (CG1049) +0.60 0.00 Imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
Pox neuro (CG8246) -0.60 0.00 Imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis; Phenotypes of alleles manifest in ventral wing blade
Bx42 (CG8264) +0.50 0.00 Notch signaling pathway; Phenotypes of alleles manifest in anterior cross vein

Changes in mRNA expression of various genes of signaling pathways across wing disc and vein development in adult female flies.

Gene Name Fold Change p-value Biological Processes
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Signaling Pathway
stem cell tumor (CG33166) -1.50 0.00 EGFR signaling pathway; Wing vein morphogenesis; Phenotypes of alleles manifest in wing vein
aveugle (CG30476) -0.80 0.00 EGFR signaling pathway; Phenotypes of alleles manifest in wing vein and wing disc
rhomboid-4 (CG1697) +0.70 0.00 EGFR signaling pathway; Phenotypes of alleles manifest in wing and wing vein
rhomboid-7 (CG8972) -0.70 0.00 EGFR signaling pathway; Expressed in developing wing veins
pointed (CG17077) +0.80 0.00 EGFR signaling pathway; Imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
Notch Signaling Pathway
Sp1070 (CG9138) +2.20 0.00 Negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway; Notch binding
bunched (CG5461) +1.90 0.00 Negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway; Phenotypes of alleles manifest in wing discs
brainiac (CG4934) -0.90 0.00 Notch signaling pathway
shibire (CG18102) +2.10 0.00 Positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway; Wing vein extension; Veined wing generated song production
Hedgehog Receptor Activity
Smoothened (CG11561) -0.80 0.00 Negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway; Wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation; Smoothened signaling pathway
Other
discs overgrown (CG2048) +0.80 0.00 Establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation
piopio (CG2079) +1.50 0.00 Apposition of dorsal and ventral imaginal disc-derived wing surfaces; Imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
held out wings (CG10293) +0.90 0.00 Apposition of dorsal and ventral imaginal disc-derived wing surfaces
penguin (CG1685) -0.80 0.00 Apposition of dorsal and ventral imaginal disc-derived wing surfaces
guftagu (CG11861) +0.70 0.00 Imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
Downstream of kinase (CG2079) -1.10 0.00 Imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis; Phenotypes of alleles manifest in wing
glut4EF (CG34360) +1.30 0.00 Imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis; Phenotypes of alleles manifest in wing
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