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Development of Chronology for Historical Mining Shaft Remains in the Vicinity of Tarnowskie Góry Based on Radiocarbon, Luminescence and Dendrochronological Dating

Fatima Pawełczyk
Fatima Pawełczyk
, 
Agnieszka Bolik
Agnieszka Bolik
, 
Bartłomiej Błachut
Bartłomiej Błachut
, 
Anna Kamińska
Anna Kamińska
, 
Magdalena Opała-Owczarek
Magdalena Opała-Owczarek
, 
Ireneusz Malik
Ireneusz Malik
, 
Michał Wojcik
Michał Wojcik
, 
Zofia Zakrzewska
Zofia Zakrzewska
, 
Zbigniew Pawlak
Zbigniew Pawlak
 e 
Grzegorz Poręba
Grzegorz Poręba
   | 22 nov 2023
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Pubblicato online: 22 nov 2023
Pagine: 81 - 90
Ricevuto: 13 lug 2023
Accettato: 08 set 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/geochr-2023-0004
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© 2023 Fatima Pawełczyk et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig 1.

Localisation of a study area: A – Study area – general location; B – Detailed map of the study area that shows historical remains of mining.
Localisation of a study area: A – Study area – general location; B – Detailed map of the study area that shows historical remains of mining.

Fig 2.

A – Three excavation sites, cross sections; B – The scheme of a single shaft. Every shaft consists of an outer part, which is waste rock dug out during ore extraction, and an inner part, which is a depression, filled with organic matter. The sampling position is marked in orange.
A – Three excavation sites, cross sections; B – The scheme of a single shaft. Every shaft consists of an outer part, which is waste rock dug out during ore extraction, and an inner part, which is a depression, filled with organic matter. The sampling position is marked in orange.

Fig 3.

Calibrated dates of measured samples from the Repty study site.
Calibrated dates of measured samples from the Repty study site.

Fig 4.

The depth distributions of the 137Cs and 210Pbex in the samples collected from the shafts REP/2 and REP/3.
The depth distributions of the 137Cs and 210Pbex in the samples collected from the shafts REP/2 and REP/3.

Fig 5.

Study sites with consolidated results of radiocarbon and luminescence dating, together with fallout isotope analysis. Coherent ages were combined (R_combine command in OxCal programme) for better visualisation.
Study sites with consolidated results of radiocarbon and luminescence dating, together with fallout isotope analysis. Coherent ages were combined (R_combine command in OxCal programme) for better visualisation.

Summarised results of activity concentrations measurement, dose rate calculation, equivalent doses and OSL ages for collected samples. All measured values reported with standard deviation.

Site Sample name Lab code Depth (cm) Water cont. (%) A 238U (Bq·kg−1) A 232Th (Bq ·kg−1) A 40K (Bq ·kg−1) Dr (Gy · kg−1) De (Gy) OSL date ± σ (ka)1
REP/1 OSL/Rep/1/1 GdTL-4584 60 13 24.5 ± 0.8 98.1 ± 1.9 74.7 ± 7.6 2.362 ± 0.083 n/a n/a
OSL/Rep/1/2 GdTL-4585 90 8 14.7 ± 0.5 14.2 ± 0.7 154 ± 12 1.148 ± 0.047 247.8 ± 9.6 216 ± 12
OSL/Rep/1/3 GdTL-4586 101 23 31.8 ± 1.0 73.4 ± 1.6 305 ± 24 2.492 ± 0.087 316 ± 15 127.7 ± 7.5
REP/2 OSL/Rep/2/1 GdTL-4587 54 5 13.3 ± 0.5 16.0 ± 0.5 323 ± 25 1.724 ± 0.079 20.45 ± 0.86 11.79 ± 0.74
OSL/Rep/2/2 GdTL-4588 92 8 7.5 ± 0.3 9.0 ± 0.4 206 ± 16 1.089 ± 0.050 18.86 ± 0.74 17.3 ± 1.1
REP/3 OSL/Rep/3/1 GdTL-4589 45 26 39.3 ± 1.1 49.4 ± 0.8 290 ± 22 2.196 ± 0.075 5.59 ± 0.45 2.47 ± 0.22
OSL/Rep/3/2 GdTL-4590 65 18 39.7 ± 1.2 69.2 ± 1.4 343 ± 27 2.80 ± 0.10 9.29 ± 0.64 3.25 ± 0.26
OSL/Rep/3/3 GdTL-4591 110 15 27.0 ± 0.8 43.0 ± 0.9 333 ± 26 2.237 ± 0.085 239 ± 26 107 ± 12
OSL/Rep/3/4 GdTL-4592 30 8 14.5 ± 0.5 16.7 ± 0.5 129 ± 10 1.132 ± 0.044 201 ± 13 178 ± 70
TG OSL/TG-1 GdTL-4675 Corridor 7 59.9 ± 5.8 43.8 ± 6.4 152 ± 28 2.23 ± 0.382 1.23 ± 0.01 0.55 ± 0.10
14.29 ± 0.55 0.23 ± 0.30 4.9 ± 2.8

Results of dendrochronological dating of construction wood.

Date of inner ring Date of outer ring Glk CC TV TVB-P TVH CDI
1640 1695 63 58 5.2 3.2 3.2 20

Results for 14C analysis. Sample information, carbon content, radiocarbon ages and calibrated age ranges (68.3% and 95.4% probability) are provided.

Site Sample name Lab code Material Treatment mg C (graphite) 14C age BP ± 1σ Calibrated age range BC/AD
REP/1 14C/REP/1/1 GdA-6972.1.1 Charcoal ABA 0.985 396 ± 25

68.3% probability

1445 AD (62.1%) 1495 AD

1600 AD (6.2%) 1610 AD

95.4% probability

1440 AD (76.7%) 1525 AD

1585 AD (18.8%) 1625 AD
14C/REP/1/2 GdA-6973.1.1 Charcoal ABA 0.985 378 ± 25

68.3% probability

1455 AD (49.1%) 1505 AD

1595 AD (19.2%) 1620 AD

95.4% probability

1445 AD (61.8%) 1525 AD

1570 AD (33.6%) 1635 AD
14C/REP/1/3 GdA-6974.1.1 Charcoal ABA 1.000 333 ± 25

68.3% probability

1495 AD (19.8%) 1530 AD

1550 AD (35.1%) 1600 AD

1610 AD (13.3%) 1635 AD

95.4% probability

1480 AD (95.4%) 1640 AD
REP/2 14C/REP/2/1 GdA-6975.1.1 Wood ABA - - -
14C/REP/2/2 GdA-6976.1.1 Charcoal ABA 0.995 404 ± 25

68.3% probability

1445 AD (68.3%) 1490 AD

95.4% probability

1435 AD (82.3%) 1515 AD

1590 AD (13.2%) 1620 AD
14C/REP/2/3 GdA-6977.1.1 Charcoal ABA 0.459 788 ± 55

68.3% probability

1215 AD (68.3%) 1285 AD

95.4% probability

1050 AD (1.2%) 1075 AD

1155 AD (93.6%) 1305 AD

1370 AD (0.6%) 1380 AD
REP/3 14C/REP/3/1 GdA-6978.1.1 Wood ABA 0.980 211 ± 25

68.3% probability

1650 AD (24.9%) 1680 AD

1740 AD (5.2%) 1750 AD

1760 AD (38.2%) 1800 AD

95.4% probability

1645 AD (31.9%) 1685 AD

1730 AD (54.9%) 1805 AD

1925 AD (8.6%)...
14C/REP/3/2/A GdA-6979.1.1 Wood Cellulose 0.989 324 ± 25

68.3% probability

1510 AD (13.5%) 1530 AD

1535 AD (42.0%) 1595 AD

1615 AD (12.8%) 1640 AD

95.4% probability

1490 AD (95.4%) 1645 AD
14C/REP/3/2/B GdA-6979.2.1 Wood ABA 0.985 343 ± 25

68.3% probability

1490 AD (23.0%) 1525 AD

1555 AD (45.3%) 1635 AD

95.4% probability

1475 AD (34.5%) 1530 AD

1535 AD (60.9%) 1640 AD
14C/REP/3/3 GdA-6980.1.1 Wood ABA 0.994 338 ± 25

68.3% probability

1495 AD (21.5%) 1530 AD

1555 AD (32.6%) 1605 AD

1610 AD (14.2%) 1635 AD

95.4% probability

1475 AD (95.4%) 1640 AD
14C/REP/3/4 GdA-6981.1.1 Charcoal ABA 0.980 344 ± 25

68.3% probability

1490 AD (23.4%) 1525 AD

1555 AD (44.8%) 1635 AD

95.4% probability

1470 AD (35.1%) 1530 AD

1535 AD (60.3%) 1640 AD
TG 14C/TG-1 GdA-7058.1.1 Charcoal ABA 0.990 384 ± 25

68.3% probability

1455 AD (53.1%) 1505 AD

1595 AD (15.2%) 1620 AD

95.4% probability

1445 AD (66.8%) 1525 AD

1570 AD (28.7%) 1630 AD
14C/TG-2 GdA-7059.1.1 Wood ABA 0.985 1 102 ± 25

68.3% probability

895 AD (27.2%) 925 AD

950 AD (41.1%) 995 AD

95.4% probability

885 AD (95.4%) 995 AD
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