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Translation and psychometric validation of the Korean version of the academic nurse self-efficacy scale for Korean bachelor-level nursing students

Eunkyung Lee
Eunkyung Lee
 e 
Jin-Hwa Park
Jin-Hwa Park
   | 26 giu 2024
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INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO
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Article Category: Original article
Pubblicato online: 26 giu 2024
Pagine: 209 - 219
Ricevuto: 04 apr 2023
Accettato: 26 set 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2024-0024
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© 2024 Eunkyung Lee et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis original and modified model of K-ANSEs.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis original and modified model of K-ANSEs.

Figure 2.

Final model of K-ANSE: Second-order hierarchical model with modified K-ANSEs.
Final model of K-ANSE: Second-order hierarchical model with modified K-ANSEs.

Model fit indices for K-ANSEs subscales from confirmatory factory analysis.

Items χ2 (P) Normed χ2 CFI TLI GFI AGFI RMSEA SRMR
Original model K-ANSEs 250.03 (<0.001) 3.52 0.89 0.86 0.89 0.84 0.09 0.08
Modified model K-ANSE (deleted items 5 and 7) 141.08 (<0.001) 2.94 0.94 0.92 0.93 0.89 0.08 0.06
Modified K-ANSE (deleted items 5 and 7) Second-order hierarchical model 148.43 (<0.001) 2.97 0.94 0.92 0.93 0.89 0.08 0.07

General characteristics of participants.

Variables Total (N = 444), n (%) or M ± SD Participants for EFA (n = 140), n (%) or M ± SD Participants for CFA (n = 304), n (%) or M ± SD t/χ2 P
Age (years) 22.94 ± 4.21 23.07 ± 4.93 22.88 ± 3.84 0.46 0.648
Grade 7.20 0.066
    Freshman 11 (2.5) 5 (3.5) 6 (2.0)
    Sophomore 234 (52.7) 76 (54.3) 158 (52.0)
    Junior 105 (23.6) 39 (27.9) 66 (21.7)
    Senior 94 (21.2) 20 (14.3) 74 (24.3)
Gender 1.33 0.248
    Female 367 (82.7) 120 (85.7) 247 (81.3)
    Male 77 (17.3) 20 (14.3) 57 (18.8)
Living arrangement 0.31 0.577
    With family or relative 303 (68.2) 93 (66.4) 210 (69.1)
    Independent 141 (31.8) 47 (33.6) 94 (30.9)
Stress degree 0.59 0.745
    Little 78 (17.6) 22 (15.7) 56 (18.4)
    Moderate 243 (54.7) 77 (55.0) 166 (54.6)
    A lot 123 (27.7) 41 (29.3) 82 (27.0)
Regular exercise 0.003 0.96
    Yes 180 (40.5) 57 (40.7) 123 (40.5)
    No 264 (59.5) 83 (59.3) 181 (59.5)
Reason to choose nursing major 11.83 0.066
    Guaranteed employment 165 (37.2) 45 (32.1) 120 (39.5)
    Advice from others 60 (13.5) 16 (11.4) 44 (14.5)
    Aptitude and interest 66 (14.9) 29 (20.7) 37 (12.2)
    Dreams from childhood 50 (11.3) 11 (7.9) 39 (12.8)
    Help others 56 (12.6) 22 (15.7) 34 (11.2)
    Economically guaranteed 29 (6.5) 12 (8.6) 17 (5.6)
    Can keep my major 18 (4.1) 5 (3.6) 13 (4.3)
Average GPA 1.55 0.817
    2< GPA ≤2.5 8 (1.8) 4 (2.9) 4 (1.3)
    2.5< GPA ≤3.0 31 (7.0) 9 (6.4) 22 (7.2)
    3.0< GPA ≤3.5 84 (18.9) 28 (20.0) 56 (18.4)
    3.5< GPA ≤4.0 179 (40.3) 55 (39.3) 124 (40.8)
    4.0< GPA 142 (32.0) 44 (31.4) 98 (32.2)

Results of CFA, convergent and discriminant validity, and reliability test of final K-ANEs (N = 304).

Dimensions and items β B SE C.R. P CR AVE Cronbach’s α
Internal emotion management 0.76 0.52 0.76
    1 0.79 0.94 0.09 10.99 <0.001
    2 0.63 0.75 0.08 9.46 <0.001
    3 0.72 1 Fix Fix Fix
Auto-regulatory behavior 0.74 0.59 0.77
    4 0.81 1.12 0.13 8.88 <0.001
    6 0.77 1 Fix Fix Fix
External emotion management 0.86 0.61 0.89
    8 0.8 1.09 0.07 14.89 <0.001
    9 0.82 1.03 0.07 15.27 <0.001
    10 0.79 1 Fix Fix Fix
    11 0.84 1.01 0.07 15.64 <0.001
Sociality 0.74 0.49 0.7
    12 0.5 0.64 0.09 7.15 <0.001
    13 0.76 0.99 0.11 8.7 <0.001
    14 0.77 1 Fix Fix Fix
Total 0.87

Items’ distribution and EFA of the K-ANSE’s (N = 140).

Items M(SD) Skewness Kurtosis External emotion management Internal emotion management Sociality Auto-regulatory behavior Communalities
Item1 3.33 (1.01) −0.40 −0.23 0.352 0.773 0.145 −0.014 0.742
Item2 3.64 (0.96) −0.29 −0.41 0.144 0.852 0.129 0.151 0.786
Item3 3.41 (1.14) −0.38 −0.73 0.266 0.769 0.162 0.119 0.702
Item4 3.61 (1.08) −0.54 −0.44 0.308 0.025 0.262 0.674 0.618
Item5 4.45 (0.84) −1.38 0.88 −0.279 0.151 0.026 0.660 0.536
Item6 3.72 (1.05) −0.60 −0.22 0.477 −0.066 0.064 0.727 0.764
Item7 4.39 (0.82) −1.30 1.13 −0.138 0.118 0.102 0.744 0.597
Item8 2.84 (1.18) 0.24 −0.74 0.771 0.312 −0.024 0.047 0.695
Item9 2.70 (1.16) 0.27 −0.79 0.884 0.151 −0.002 0.003 0.804
Item10 3.08 (1.09) −0.12 −0.61 0.804 0.160 0.213 −0.016 0.718
Item11 2.94 (1.08) 0.16 −0.63 0.825 0.314 0.172 −0.003 0.809
Item12 4.00 (0.91) −0.69 0.00 0.115 0.087 0.770 0.266 0.685
Item13 3.83 (0.94) −0.64 0.07 0.073 0.260 0.834 0.001 0.769
Item14 3.94 (0.92) −0.32 −0.96 0.056 0.062 0.804 0.098 0.664
Eigenvalue 3.36 2.28 2.16 2.09
Variance (%) 24.00 16.29 15.43 14.93
Cumulated total variance (%) 24.00 40.28 55.71 70.64

Korean version of the ANSE questionnaire scores (N = 304).

Factors and items How much are you confident with M (SD) Min Max Skewness Kurtosis
Factor 1 Internal emotion management 3.40 (0.81)
    Item1 Controlling anxiety in front of a problem 3.25 (0.94) 1 5 −0.23 −0.40
    Item2 Keeping calm during an exam 3.67 (0.94) 1 5 −0.57 −0.06
    Item3 Avoiding discouraging myself in adversity 3.29 (1.09) 1 5 −0.17 −0.73
Factor 2 Auto-regulatory Behavior 4.08 (0.65)
    Item4 Resisting the pressure of friends for doing some things that risk getting you into a trouble 3.63 (1.12) 1 5 −0.55 −0.55
    Item5 Resisting the temptation not to go to the lesson if you feel bored (deleted in final version) 4.51 (0.84) 1 5 −1.92 3.37
    Item6 Avoiding the insistence of friends who ask you to do some things that you think would be better to avoid 3.69 (1.05) 1 5 −0.52 −0.54
    Item7 Avoiding committing transgressions even when the risk of sanction is minimal (deleted in final version) 4.47 (0.77) 2 5 −1.44 1.50
Factor 3 External emotion management 2.92 (0.98)
    Item8 Do not spiritless when you are criticized 2.93 (1.20) 1 5 0.14 −0.98
    Item9 Containing shame after making a bad impression in front of the class 2.75 (1.12) 1 5 0.32 −0.65
    Item10 Overcoming the embarrassment of having made a “gaffe” with a person to the judgment of which you care a lot 3.04 (1.13) 1 5 −0.07 −0.91
    Item11 Dominating shame when your frailties have highlighted in front of the class 2.94 (1.08) 1 5 −0.02 −0.88
Factor 4 Sociality 3.93 (0.76)
    Item12 Ensuring me the help of other students when necessary 3.95 (0.95) 1 5 −0.80 0.14
    Item13 Helping a colleague in difficulty in the study 3.90 (0.96) 1 5 −0.82 0.56
    Item14 Helping in creating a good atmosphere among students 3.93 (0.97) 1 5 −0.77 0.38

Correlation coefficients between the 12-item K-ANSEs and ASEs (N = 304).

Items 12-item K-ANSE total F1 = Internal emotion management F2 = Auto-regulatory behavior F3 = External emotion management F4 = Sociality
Academic self-efficacy total 0.63 (<0.001) 0.53 (<0.001) 0.36 (<0.001) 0.48 (<0.001) 0.51 (<0.001)
F1 = Task difficulty preference 0.38 (<0.001) 0.35 (<0.001) 0.16 (0.005) 0.34 (<0.001) 0.24 (<0.001)
F2 = Self-regulatory efficacy 0.44 (<0.001) 0.31 (<0.001) 0.29 (<0.001) 0.27 (<0.001) 0.49 (<0.001)
F3 = Self-confidence 0.59 (<0.001) 0.52 (<0.001) 0.35 (<0.001) 0.46 (<0.001) 0.43 (<0.001)
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