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Effects of the self-management training program on self-management behavior and blood pressure levels among elderly people with hypertension

Swanee Bumrungsuk
Swanee Bumrungsuk
   | 13 apr 2022
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Article Category: Original article
Pubblicato online: 13 apr 2022
Pagine: 71 - 80
Ricevuto: 16 giu 2021
Accettato: 10 ago 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2022-0009
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© 2022 Swanee Bumrungsuk, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

The present study showed a mean difference in self-management program scores between the experimental and control groups at the fourth week after entering the Program.
The present study showed a mean difference in self-management program scores between the experimental and control groups at the fourth week after entering the Program.

Comparisons of decreases in systolic and diastolic BP levels between the experimental and control groups (at week 4).

Bp control Mean (SD) T df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean difference Std. error difference 95% Confidence interval of the difference
Systolic decrease 2.08 89 0.04 6.44 3.09 0.28 12.59
  Experimental group 7.61 (16.25)
  Control group 1.17 (13.21)
Diastolic decrease 0.688 89 0.51 1.7 2.55 −3.77 6.77
  Experimental group −1.00 (11.57)
  Control group −2.70 (12.71)

Comparison of mean differences of self-management behaviors before – after program participation (at week 4, at week 13).

Variance (S2) Sum of squares df Mean square F-test P-value Partial eta squared
Between-group
  Self-management behavior 2241.51 1 2241.47 5821.47 0.000 0.983
  Error 37.773 89 0.424
Within-group
  Self–management behavior 1.950 1.78 1.094 9.56 0.000 0.097
  Self-management behavior *time 1.835 1.836 0.999 9.004 0.000 0.092
  Error 18.139 158.591 0.114

Comparison of mean differences in self-management behavior scores before and after entering the Program (at the 4th & 13th weeks within each group).

Group Possible score Mean Mean difference
Before participating (1) After entering fourth week (2) After participating 13th week (3) (1)–(2) (1)–(3) (2)–(3)
Experimental group (0–4) 2.86 3.26 3.08 −0.405** −0. 225** 0.178*
0.448 0.197 0.375
Control group (0–4) 2.66 2.67 2.64
0.541 0.517 0.545 −0.008 0.025 0.036

Comparison of BP levels within experimental group and control group before – after entering the Program (at the 13th week).

BP, mmHg Before entering program After entering program T = paired t-test P-value (1-tailed)
Mean SD Mean SD
Systolic BP
  Experimental group 138.27 18.57 130.45 26.30 1.93 0.060
  Control group 132.49 15.93 124.47 14.31 3.24 0.002
Diastolic BP
  Experimental group 73.75 11.47 78.91 13.36 −2.72 0.009
  Control group 75.96 9.63 77.81 11.35 −1.03 0.308

Participant characteristic.

Characteristic Experimental group, n = 44 Control group, n = 47 χ2 df P-value
n % n %
Sex 0.512 1 0.567
  Male 8 18.2 6 12.8
  Female 36 81.8 41 87.2
Age, years 2.203 3 0.531
  <55 6 13.6 6 12.8
  56–65 18 40.9 26 55.3
  66–75 15 34.1 12 25.5
  76–85 5 11.4 3 6.4
Status 0.602 2 0.969
  Single 4 9.1 4 8.5
  Married 27 61.4 28 59.6
  Divorced 13 29.5 15 31.9
Education 8.331 4 0.139
  No literate 5 11.4 1 2.1
  Elementary 29 65.9 32 68.1
  Secondary 6 13.6 10 21.3
  Diploma 2 4.5 0 0
  Bachelor 2 4.5 3 6.46
  Master 1 1.1 0 2.1
Occupation 4.839 2 0.087
  Freelance 23 52.3 33 70.2
  Hire 17 38.6 9 19.1
  Merchant 4 9.1 5 11.1

Clinical characteristics.

Characteristic Experimental group, n = 44 Control group, n = 47 χ2 df P-value
n % n %
Duration of disease, years 0.233 1 0.267
  -<5 25 56.8 32 68.1
  ->5 19 48.2 15 31.9
Smoke 0.781 1 0.781
  Non-smoke 20 45.5 20 42.6
  Smoke 24 47.1 27 57.4
Drink Alcohol 2.226 1 0.136
  Drink 3 6.8 8 17
  Not drink 41 93.2 9 83
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