Accesso libero

Conflict Costs in National and International Business: A Comparative Analysis

INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO

Cita

Figure 1.

The time horizon for studying the event.
The time horizon for studying the event.

Figure 2.

Research questions.
Research questions.

Figure 3.

Correlations of national conflict situation.
Correlations of national conflict situation.

Figure 4.

Correlations of international conflict situation.
Correlations of international conflict situation.

Figure 4.

Correlations of international conflict situation.
Correlations of international conflict situation.

Relation – conflicts per year and international involvement

Conflicts per Year International Involvement
Group Ranks Description Participant Count Mean Median
1 No conflicts per year 75 29.4 20
2 Up to 5 conflicts per year 364 38.1 30
3 Up to 10 conflicts per year 129 45.2 45
4 Up to 30 conflicts per year 72 39.6 35
5 Up to 50 conflicts per year 35 49.4 50
Conflicts per Year: Mean 2.449 Median 2

Conflict strength in national and international cooperation

Conflict Strength Samples
Group Rank Description National International
1 Latent 57 26
2 Weak 146 53
3 Medium 222 81
4 Manifest 45 18
5 Aftermath 20 7
Median 3 3

Descriptive statistics: mean, SD, min. and max.

- National International
- M SD Min. Max. M SD Min. Max.
Wasted time due to involvement in conflict 4.28 8.76 0 50 4.59 9.38 0 50
Wasted time worrying about conflict 4.79 9.35 0 50 3.73 6.80 0 50
Pretended to work 1.31 4.53 0 50 1.42 5.83 0 50
Counterproductive working behavior 0.94 3.73 0 50 1.68 6.75 0 50
Additional time for information gathering 2.45 6.16 0 50 2.99 7.27 0 50
Lost time due to avoiding behavior 1.90 5.82 0 50 2.01 5.91 0 50
Lost time due to not listening purposely 0.74 3.32 0 50 1.2 4.66 0 50
Lost time due to personal attacks 1.75 6.32 0 50 1.65 5.37 0 50
Lost time due to pointing out mistakes 1.65 5.49 0 50 2.34 6.77 0 50
Less time at work 1.64 5.72 0 50 1.52 5.05 0 50
Wasted time solving a conflict 5.17 10.3 0 50 4.71 8.98 0 50
Sick leave to avoid conflict 28.7 125. 0 1200 34.4 142. 0 1200
Psychological/physical disease due to conflict 64.4 214. 0 1200 57.6 193. 0 1200
Absenteeism 63.5 213. 0 1200 52.4 162 0 1200

Conflict cost clusters including cost variables

- Direct Indirect
Internal

Internal direct:

Legal and dispute costs, discrimination claims, grievance, compensation settlements, litigation, theft and damage, fees to lawyers and professionals, vandalism, sabotage, performance declines, decreased quality, inability to meet deadlines, loss in productivity, increased supervision costs, accidents

Internal indirect:

Wasted time worrying about conflict, dealing with conflict, and resolving conflict, pretending to work, absenteeism, presenteeism*, decreased time at work, decreased work effort, less diligence, avoiding behavior/shun contact, sick leave, psychological and physical disease, voluntary departures from team or organization, attacking behaviors, change resistance, extra time gathering information, counterproductive work behavior, lost time due to not listening**, lost time pointing out mistakes**, bad-quality decision-making, no decision-making

External

External direct:

Legal suits, compensation claims, customer complaint handling, loss of ongoing relationship

External indirect:

Employer reputation, difficulty to attract talent, damage to brand image

Conflict duration in national and international cooperation

Conflict Duration Samples
Group Rank Description National International
1 Up to 1 week 229 88
2 Up to 1 month 115 52
3 1-6 months 84 26
4 6 to 12 months 26 11
5 Longer than 12 months 36 8
Median 2 2