Lease Price Differentiation and its Influence on the Attraction of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises’ (MSMES) to Major Shopping Malls in Zambia

1. Akinjare, O., Ayedun, C., Sade, O., Ibhahulu, O.K., Orlu-Makele, T.O., Bamisaye, M.O., Akinjare, V. (2018). Rent determinants for retail shopping malls in Southern Nigeria. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9, 506-514. Search in Google Scholar

2. Alan (1999). Unfair Trading in Shopping Mall’s Retail Space Leasing. Productivity Commission Inquiry. The market for retail tenancy leases in Australia. Submission No. 2. http://www.aphref.aph.gov.au_house_committee_isr_fairtrad_report_chap2 Search in Google Scholar

3. Allard, T., Barry, J.B., Chebat, J-C. (2009). When income matters: customers evaluation of shopping malls’ hedonic and utilitarian orientations. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 16(1), 40–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2008.08.00410.1016/j.jretconser.2008.08.004 Search in Google Scholar

4. Anon (2020). Building Chain stores in compounds destroys local and family business-Inonge Wina. Lusaka Times. 15^th January 2020. Available at: https://www.lusakatimes.com/2020/01/15/260401/ (Accessed: 15.01.2020). Search in Google Scholar

5. Bello (2012). The determinants of shopping center rent in Akure, Nigeria. Paper presented at the FIG working week in Rome, Italy. 6^th to 10^th May 2012. Search in Google Scholar

6. Benjamin J.D., Boyle G.W., Sirmans C.F. (1990). Retail Leasing: The Determinants of Shopping Center Rents. Journal of the American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, 18(3), 302-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6229.0052410.1111/1540-6229.00524 Search in Google Scholar

7. Berman, B., Evans, J.R. (2010). Retail Management: A Strategic Approach. 11^th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Search in Google Scholar

8. Berry, A. (2007). The Importance of MSMEs in the Economy. ITD Global Conference on Taxation of Small and Medium. Search in Google Scholar

9. Bigg and Motsoeneng (2013). Mall developers feel the pull of Africa’s consumer boom. Reuters. 30^thAugust 2013. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-africa-malls/mall-developers-feel-the-pull-of-africas-consumer-boom-idUSBRE97T08420130830#:~:text=In%20Sub%2DSaharan%20Africa%2C%20typical,real%20estate%20consultant%20Knight%20Frank. (Accessed: 15.01.2020). Search in Google Scholar

10. Carswell, A. (2008). Rent raises shut shops. The Daily Telegraph (Sydney). 07^th November 2008. Available at: https://www.pressreader.com/australia/the-daily-telegraph-sydney/20081106/281522221925253 (Accessed: 15.01.2020). Search in Google Scholar

11. Carter, C.C., Allen, M.T. (2012). A method for determining optimal tenant mix (including location) in shopping centers. Cornell Real Estate Review, 10, 72-85. Search in Google Scholar

12. Carter, C.C., Vandell, K.D. (2005). Store Location in Shopping Centers: Theory and Estimates. Journal of Real Estate Research, 27(3), 237-266. https://doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2005.1209116010.1080/10835547.2005.12091160 Search in Google Scholar

13. Catton, D.J. (2017). Should Retail Lease Legislation In Australia Be Simplified? Queensland University of Technology. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. Available at: https://core.ac.uk/reader/83152258. (Accessed: 15.01.2020). Search in Google Scholar

14. Chin, L., Hui, F.S. (2010). Percentage Leases In Singapore’s Shopping Centres. 16^th Pacific Rim Real Estate Society Conference 2010 Wellington, New Zealand. Search in Google Scholar

15. Chishimba, A. (2014). Probe high shop rentals- NAPTAZ. Zambia Daily Mail. 17^th December 2014. Available at: https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2017/08/09/why-zambias-mall-mania-poses-serious-problems-for-the-countrys-development/ (Accessed: 15.01.2020). Search in Google Scholar

16. Chishimba, A. (2016). NAPSA, NABTAZ agree on 5-year leases. Zambia Daily Mail. 19^th April 2016. Available at: http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/napsa-nabtaz-agree-on-5-year-leases/ (Accessed: 15.01.2020). Search in Google Scholar

17. Colwell, P.F., Munneke, H.J. (1998). Percentage Leases and the Advantages of Regional Malls. Journal of Real Estate Research, 15(3), 239-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1998.1209092910.1080/10835547.1998.12090929 Search in Google Scholar

18. Conway, P., Shah, M.K. (2010). Zambia Business Survey: Who’s productive in Zambia’s private sector? Evidence from the Zambia Business Survey. Available at: http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/196251468170068981/pdf/698090v-20ESW00ctive000final0report.pdf (Accessed: 10.07.2020). Search in Google Scholar

19. Craig, B.R., Jackson, W.E., Thomson, J.B. (2007). Small firm finance credit rationing and the impact of SBA-Guaranteed lending on local economic growth. Journal of Small Business Management, 45(1), 116-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2007.00202.x10.1111/j.1540-627X.2007.00202.x Search in Google Scholar

20. Crosby, N., Hughes, C., Murdoch, S. (2006). Flexible property leasing and the small business tenant. Journal of Property Research, 23(2), 163-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/0959991060080051810.1080/09599910600800518 Search in Google Scholar

21. Davoodi, T., Dagli, U.U. (2019). Exploring the Determinants of Residential Satisfaction in Historic Urban Quarters: Towards Sustainability of the Walled City Famagusta, North Cyprus. Sustainability, 11(22), 6261. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1122626110.3390/su11226261 Search in Google Scholar

22. EC [European Commission] (2003). The New MSME Definition User Guide and Model Decleration, Enterprise and Industry Publication. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/enterprise_policy/sme_definition/sme_user_guide.pdf (Accessed: 15.01.2020) Search in Google Scholar

23. Fickes, M. (2002). Local talent. Shopping Center World, June: 16-23. Search in Google Scholar

24. Fisher III, W.W., Syed, T. (2014). The Health Crisis in the Developing World and What We Should Do About It. Stanford University Press. Search in Google Scholar

25. Francesca, N., Ross, S. (2012). Key Performance Indicators. 10 metrics for guiding and measuring store success. Available at: https://corp.vendcdn.com/legacy/images/university/retail-kpi-guide/Key_Performance_Indicators.pdf (Accessed: 15.01.2020) Search in Google Scholar

26. Gavilan, D., Manzano, R., Martinez, G. (2018). Gender Identity, Consumption and Price Discrimination. Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, 73, 385-400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2018-1261en10.4185/RLCS-2018-1261en Search in Google Scholar

27. Government of the Republic of Zambia (2006). Zambia Development Agency Act, No 11 of 2006 of the Laws of Zambia. Search in Google Scholar

28. Government of the Republic of Zambia (2008). The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Development Policy. Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry, Zambia. Search in Google Scholar

29. Haber, H. (2009). Malls Look Toward Smaller Retailers. The Retailers’ Daily Newspaper. 04^th August 2009. Available at: https://pmcwwd.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/wwd0804.pdf (Accessed: 15.01.2020) Search in Google Scholar

30. Harmse, C.P.J. (2012). Service Quality In A Landlord-Small Business Relationship In Shopping Centres. Faculty of Economic And Management Sciences, University Of Pretoria. Search in Google Scholar

31. Holmes, M. (2006). Lack of knowledge hastens small business failures. Real Business, 18 October. Available at: http://www.realbusiness.co.za/Article.aspx?articleID=3821&typeID=9 (Accessed: 15.01.2020). Search in Google Scholar

32. Hossen, M.M., Kang, S., Kim, J. (2015). Construction schedule delay risk assessment by using combined AHP-RII methodology for an international NPP project. Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 47(3), 362–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2014.12.01910.1016/j.net.2014.12.019 Search in Google Scholar

33. Ibrahim, M.F., Galven, T.W.R. (2007). New age retail tenants: a new phenomenon. Journal of Retail and Leisure Property, 6(3), 239-262. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.rlp.510006510.1057/palgrave.rlp.5100065 Search in Google Scholar

34. Israel, G.D. (1992). Determining Sample Size. University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, EDIS, Florida. Search in Google Scholar

35. ITC (2020). Promoting SME competitiveness in Zambia. Available at: https://www.zda.org.zm/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Zambia-Competiveness-Survey.pdf (Accessed: 08.07.2021). Search in Google Scholar

36. Kambone, M.S., Phiri, W. (2017). The Impact of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Zambia. The International Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research. Available at: http://www.multiresearch.net/cms/publications/CFP2162017.pdf Search in Google Scholar

37. Karytinos, A., Vlachostergiou, V. (2001). Estimating Commercial Property rentals in the Greek Market using Multiple regression analysis (No. eres2001_196). European Real Estate Society (ERES). Search in Google Scholar

38. Kassem, M. A., Khoiry, M.A., Hamzah, N. (2020). Using Relative Importance Index Method for Developing Risk Map in Oil and Gas Construction Projects. Jurnal Kejuruteraan, 32(3), 441-453. https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2020-32(3)-09 Search in Google Scholar

39. Ke, Q., Wang, W. (2016). The factors that determine shopping centre rent in Wuhan, China. Journal of Property Investment and Finance, 34(2), 172-185. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPIF-04-2015-002110.1108/JPIF-04-2015-0021 Search in Google Scholar

40. Keskin, H., Senturk, C., Sungur, O., Kiris, H.M. (2010). The Importance of SMEs in Developing Economies. 2^nd International Symposium on Sustainable Development, Sarajevo. Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/153446896.pdf (Accessed: 08.07.2021). Search in Google Scholar

41. Knight Frank Zambia (2020). Zambia Property Market Update H1 2020. Search in Google Scholar

42. Knight Frank Zambia (2016). Research: Zambia Property Market Update Q2. Search in Google Scholar

43. Konishi, H., Sandfort, M.T. (2002). Anchor stores. Working Paper, Boston College. Search in Google Scholar

44. Levy, M., Weitz, B.A. (2009). Retail management. 7^thed. Chicago: Irwin. Search in Google Scholar

45. Lotz, O., Marais, L. (2007). Manufacturing enterprises and marketing planning in a mining area of the North West Province, South Africa: lessons for local business support centres. Developing Southern Africa, 24(5), 693-706. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835070165072810.1080/03768350701650728 Search in Google Scholar

46. Liu, Q., Serfes, K. (2011). Third-Degree Price Discrimination. Journal of Industrial Organization Education, 5(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-5041.103010.2202/1935-5041.1030 Search in Google Scholar

47. Miller, D.R. (2005). New Regional Imaginaries in Post- Apartheid Southern Africa: Retail Workers at a Shopping Mall in Zambia. Journal of Southern African Studies, 31(1), 117-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305707050003577810.1080/03057070500035778 Search in Google Scholar

48. Miller, D., Nel, E., Hampwaye, G. (2008). Malls in Zambia: Racialized retail expansion and South African foreign investors in Zambia. African Sociological Review, 12(1), 35-54. https://doi.org/10.4314/asr.v12i1.4352810.4314/asr.v12i1.43528 Search in Google Scholar

49. Monden, A. (2017). Marketing Strategy of Rent and Space Allocation for Dominant Retailer in Shopping Center. Journal of Logistics Management, 6(2), 35-40. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.logistics.20170602.01 Search in Google Scholar

50. Mubita, A, Mulonda, M, Libati, M, Mwale, N., Vincent, K. (2017). Urban Informality and Small Scale Enterprise (SME) Development in Zambia: An Exploration of Theory and Practice. Journal of Behavioural Economics, Finance, Entrepreneurship, Accounting and Transport, 5(1), 19-29. https://doi.org/10.12691/jbe-5-1-310.12691/jbe-5-1-3 Search in Google Scholar

51. Ndebele, O. (2017). Tenant mix contributes to retail success. Bizcommunity. 6^th February 2017. Available at: www.bizcommunity.com (Accessed: 15.01.2020). Search in Google Scholar

52. Nuwagaba. A. (2015). Enterprises (MSMEs) in Zambia. International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, 4(4), 146-153. Search in Google Scholar

53. Pashigan, B.P., Gould, E.D. (1998). Internalizing Externalities: The Pricing of Space in Shopping Malls. Journal of Law and Economics, 41(1), 115-142. https://doi.org/10.1086/46738610.1086/467386 Search in Google Scholar

54. Phiri, E. (2018). High rentals at shopping malls worrying. Zambia Daily Mail. 27^th March 2018. http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/high-rentals-at-shopping-malls-worrying/ (Accessed: 15.01.2020). Search in Google Scholar

55. Productivity Commission (2008). The Market of Retail Tenancy Leases in Australia. Inquiry report No. 43, Canberra. Search in Google Scholar

56. Radford, L. (ed) (2017). Why Zambia’s Mall Mania poses serious problems for the Country’s development. LSE Blog. 09^th August 2017. Available at: https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2017/08/09/why-zambias-mall-mania-poses-serious-problems-for-the-countrys-development/ (Accessed: 15.01.2020). Search in Google Scholar

57. Roberts, J., Merrilees, B., Herington, C., Miller, D. (2010). Building retail tenant trust: neighbourhood versus regional shopping centres. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 38(8), 597-612. https://doi.org/10.1108/0959055101105742610.1108/09590551011057426 Search in Google Scholar

58. Sirmans, C.F., Guidry, K.A. (1993). The Determinants of Shopping Center Rents. Journal of Real Estate Research, 8(1), 107-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1993.1209070010.1080/10835547.1993.12090700 Search in Google Scholar

59. Tay, R., Lau, C., Leung, M. (1999). The Determination of Rent in Shopping Centers: Some Evidence from Hong Kong. Journal of Real Estate Literature, 7(2), 183-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1999.1209008010.1080/10835547.1999.12090080 Search in Google Scholar

60. Tembo, F. (2017). Shopping Malls benefiting who? Zambia Daily Mail. 10^th February 2017. Available at: http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/shopping-malls-benefiting-who/ (Accessed: 10.02.2020). Search in Google Scholar

61. Urban Africa (2018). Lusaka Real Estate Market Report. Urban Africa Real Estate Group (UARE). Search in Google Scholar

62. Ware, T., Katongo, D.M. (2017). Zambia: Property Market Overview. Zamreal Forum 2017, Lusaka. Search in Google Scholar

63. Whittemore, M. (1992). Shopping malls attract small firms. Nation’s Business, 80(12), 54-56. Search in Google Scholar

64. Wickramanayake, W.S., Weerakoon, K.G.P.K. (2014). Model for Determining Rental Values of Commercial Properties: Case Study in Boralesgamuwa Urban Council Area. Sri Lankan Journal of Real Estate, 7, 58-69. Search in Google Scholar

65. Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis, 2^nd Ed. New York: Harper and Row. Search in Google Scholar

66. ZCSMBA, (2012). Zambia Chamber of Small and Medium Businesses Association http://www.zcsmba.org/index.php?option=-com_content&view=article&id=20:background-on-zcsmba&catid=25:the-profile&Itemid=56 (Accessed: 15.01.2020). Search in Google Scholar

67. Zhang, S., van Duijn, M., van der Vlist, A. (2020). Tenant Mix and Retail Rents in High Street Shopping Districts. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11146-020-09768-310.1007/s11146-020-09768-3 Search in Google Scholar