Reopening for Business Post-COVID-19: Augmented Reality as a Strategy for Attracting Visitors to a Tourist Destination

[1] ACRM. (2020). Associação do Caminho Real da Madeira. Retrieved from http://www.caminhoreal.pt ACRM 2020 Associação do Caminho Real da Madeira Retrieved from http://www.caminhoreal.pt Search in Google Scholar

[2] Almeida, A., Soares, J., & Alves, A. (2013). As levadas da Madeira no contexto da afirmação e da confluência do turismo de natureza com o turismo ativo [Madeira Levadas in the context of the affirmation and confluence of nature tourism with active tourism]. Revista Portuguesa de Estudos Regionais, (33), 27–42. AlmeidaA. SoaresJ. AlvesA. 2013 As levadas da Madeira no contexto da afirmação e da confluência do turismo de natureza com o turismo ativo [Madeira Levadas in the context of the affirmation and confluence of nature tourism with active tourism] Revista Portuguesa de Estudos Regionais 33 27 42 10.59072/rper.vi33.402 Search in Google Scholar

[3] ALRAM (2000). Decreto Legislativo Regional 7-B/2000/M, de 20 de Março [Regional Legislative Decree 7-B/2000/M, of 20 March]. Retrieved from https://dre.tretas.org/dre/113991/decreto-legislativo-regional-7-B-2000-M-de-20-de-marco. ALRAM 2000 Decreto Legislativo Regional 7-B/2000/M, de 20 de Março [Regional Legislative Decree 7-B/2000/M, of 20 March]. Retrieved from https://dre.tretas.org/dre/113991/decreto-legislativo-regional-7-B-2000-M-de-20-de-marco. Search in Google Scholar

[4] Azevedo, J. N., & Alturas, B. (2019). The augmented reality in Lisbon tourism. 2019 14th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.23919/CISTI.2019.8760706 AzevedoJ. N. AlturasB. 2019 The augmented reality in Lisbon tourism 2019 14th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI) 1 4 https://doi.org/10.23919/CISTI.2019.8760706 10.23919/CISTI.2019.8760706 Search in Google Scholar

[5] Basori, A. H., Albaqami, N. N., & Allehaibi, K. H.. (2018). Augmenting pilgrim experience and safety with geo-location way finding and mobile augmented reality. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 18, 23–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1213102 BasoriA. H. AlbaqamiN. N. AllehaibiK. H.. 2018 Augmenting pilgrim experience and safety with geo-location way finding and mobile augmented reality International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security 18 23 32 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1213102 Search in Google Scholar

[6] Bozyer, Z. (2015). Augmented reality in sports: Today and tomorrow. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 3, 314–325. https://doi.org/10.14486/IJSCS392 BozyerZ. 2015 Augmented reality in sports: Today and tomorrow International Journal of Science Culture and Sport 3 314 325 https://doi.org/10.14486/IJSCS392 10.14486/IJSCS392 Search in Google Scholar

[7] Calderón, R. R., & Arbesú, R. S. (2015). Augmented reality in automation. Procedia Computer Science, 75, 123–128. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.228 CalderónR. R. ArbesúR. S. 2015 Augmented reality in automation Procedia Computer Science 75 123 128 10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.228 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[8] Chang, L.-L., Backman, K., & Huang, Y. (2014). Creative tourism: A preliminary examination of creative tourists’ motivation, experience, perceived value and revisit intention. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8, 401–419. doi:10.1108/IJCTHR-04-2014-0032 ChangL.-L. BackmanK. HuangY. 2014 Creative tourism: A preliminary examination of creative tourists’ motivation, experience, perceived value and revisit intention International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 8 401 419 10.1108/IJCTHR-04-2014-0032 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[9] Chen, W. (2014). Historical Oslo on a handheld device — A mobile augmented reality application. Procedia Computer Science, 35, 979–985. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2014.08.180 ChenW. 2014 Historical Oslo on a handheld device — A mobile augmented reality application Procedia Computer Science 35 979 985 10.1016/j.procs.2014.08.180 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[10] Cianciarulo, D. (2015). From local traditions to ‘augmented reality”. The MUVIG Museum of Viggiano (Italy). Procedia — Social and Behavioral Sciences, 188, 138–143. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.349 CianciaruloD. 2015 From local traditions to ‘augmented reality”. The MUVIG Museum of Viggiano (Italy) Procedia — Social and Behavioral Sciences 188 138 143 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.349 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[11] Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York: Harper and Row. http://www.pdfdrive.com/flow-the-psychology-of-optimal-experience-d162346255.html CsikszentmihalyiM. 1990 Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience New York Harper and Row http://www.pdfdrive.com/flow-the-psychology-of-optimal-experience-d162346255.html Search in Google Scholar

[12] Dortyol, I. T., Varinli, I., & Kitapci, O. (2014). How do international tourists perceive hotel quality?: An exploratory study of service quality in Antalya tourism region. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(3), 470–495. DortyolI. T. VarinliI. KitapciO. 2014 How do international tourists perceive hotel quality?: An exploratory study of service quality in Antalya tourism region International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 26 3 470 495 10.1108/IJCHM-11-2012-0211 Search in Google Scholar

[13] DREM. (2020). Statistical Indicators. Retrieved from https://estatistica.madeira.gov.pt DREM 2020 Statistical Indicators Retrieved from https://estatistica.madeira.gov.pt Search in Google Scholar

[14] Franco, M., & Meneses, R. (2020). The influence of culture in customers’ expectations about the hotel service in Latin countries with different human development levels. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, 10(1), 56. doi:https://doi.org/10.2478/ejthr-2020-0005 FrancoM. MenesesR. 2020 The influence of culture in customers’ expectations about the hotel service in Latin countries with different human development levels European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation 10 1 56 doi:https://doi.org/10.2478/ejthr-2020-0005 10.2478/ejthr-2020-0005 Search in Google Scholar

[15] Gonçalves, F., Martins, A. L., Ferreira, J. C., Marques, E., Andrade, M., & Mota, L. (2020). Tourism guidance tracking and safety platform. In A. L. Martins, J. C. Ferreira, & A. Kocian (Eds.), Intelligent transport systems. From research and development to the market uptake (pp. 162–171). Springer International. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38822-5_11 GonçalvesF. MartinsA. L. FerreiraJ. C. MarquesE. AndradeM. MotaL. 2020 Tourism guidance tracking and safety platform In MartinsA. L. FerreiraJ. C. KocianA. (Eds.), Intelligent transport systems. From research and development to the market uptake 162 171 Springer International https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38822-5_11 10.1007/978-3-030-38822-5_11 Search in Google Scholar

[16] Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21, 1–20. doi:10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708 GösslingS. ScottD. HallC. M. 2020 Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID19 Journal of Sustainable Tourism 21 1 20 10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[17] GPMB. (2019). A world at risk: Annual report on global preparedness for health emergencies. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/gpmb/assets/annual_report/GPMB_annualreport_2019.pdf GPMB 2019 A world at risk: Annual report on global preparedness for health emergencies Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/gpmb/assets/annual_report/GPMB_annualreport_2019.pdf Search in Google Scholar

[18] Guinaliu-Blasco, M., Hernández-Ortega, B., & Franco, J. L. (2019). The effect of cognitive absorption on marketing learning performance. Spanish Journal of Marketing — ESIC, 23(2), 249–271. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-10-2018-0048 Guinaliu-BlascoM. Hernández-OrtegaB. FrancoJ. L. 2019 The effect of cognitive absorption on marketing learning performance Spanish Journal of Marketing — ESIC 23 2 249 271 https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-10-2018-0048 10.1108/SJME-10-2018-0048 Search in Google Scholar

[19] Homburg, C., Wieseke, J., & Hoyer, W. (2009). Social identity and the service-profit chain. Journal of Marketing American Marketing Association, 73, 38–54. doi:10.1509/jmkg.73.2.38 HomburgC. WiesekeJ. HoyerW. 2009 Social identity and the service-profit chain Journal of Marketing American Marketing Association 73 38 54 10.1509/jmkg.73.2.38 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[20] Kirk, C. P., & Rifkin, L. S. (2020). I’ll trade you diamonds for toilet paper: Consumer reacting, coping and adapting behaviors in the COVID19 pandemic. Journal of Business Research, 117, 124–131. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.028 KirkC. P. RifkinL. S. 2020 I’ll trade you diamonds for toilet paper: Consumer reacting, coping and adapting behaviors in the COVID19 pandemic Journal of Business Research 117 124 131 doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.028 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.028724131732834208 Search in Google Scholar

[21] Kounavis, C. D., Kasimati, A. E., & Zamani, E. D. (2012). Enhancing the tourism experience through mobile augmented reality: Challenges and prospects. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 4, 10. doi:10.5772/51644 KounavisC. D. KasimatiA. E. ZamaniE. D. 2012 Enhancing the tourism experience through mobile augmented reality: Challenges and prospects International Journal of Engineering Business Management 4 10 10.5772/51644 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[22] Kysela, J., & Štorková, P. (2015). Using augmented reality as a medium for teaching history and tourism. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 926–931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.713 KyselaJ. ŠtorkováP. 2015 Using augmented reality as a medium for teaching history and tourism Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 174 926 931 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.713 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.713 Search in Google Scholar

[23] Layona, R., Yulianto, B., & Tunardi, Y. (2018). Web-based augmented reality for human body anatomy learning. Procedia Computer Science, 135, 457–464. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2018.08.197 LayonaR. YuliantoB. TunardiY. 2018 Web-based augmented reality for human body anatomy learning Procedia Computer Science 135 457 464 10.1016/j.procs.2018.08.197 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[24] Lin, H.-F. (2009). Examination of cognitive absorption influencing the intention to use a virtual community. Behaviour & Information Technology, 28(5), 421–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290701662169 LinH.-F. 2009 Examination of cognitive absorption influencing the intention to use a virtual community Behaviour & Information Technology 28 5 421 431 https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290701662169 10.1080/01449290701662169 Search in Google Scholar

[25] Milgram, P., Takemura, H., Utsumi, A., & Kishino, F. (1995). Augmented reality: A class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum. Telemanipulator and Telepresence Technologies, 2351, 282–292. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.197321 MilgramP. TakemuraH. UtsumiA. KishinoF. 1995 Augmented reality: A class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum Telemanipulator and Telepresence Technologies 2351 282 292 https://doi.org/10.1117/12.197321 10.1117/12.197321 Search in Google Scholar

[26] Miller, M. R., Jun, H., Herrera, F., Yu Villa, J., Welch, G., & Bailenson, J. N. (2019). Social interaction in augmented reality. PLoS ONE, 14(5), e0216290. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216290 MillerM. R. JunH. HerreraF. Yu VillaJ. WelchG. BailensonJ. N. 2019 Social interaction in augmented reality PLoS ONE 14 5 e0216290 10.1371/journal.pone.0216290 651679731086381 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[27] Olar, M. L., Samuil, I., Leba, M., & Ionica, A. (2019). Augmented reality in postindustrial tourism. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 572, 012093. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/572/1/012093 OlarM. L. SamuilI. LebaM. IonicaA. 2019 Augmented reality in postindustrial tourism IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 572 012093. 10.1088/1757-899X/572/1/012093 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[28] Olivencia, J. L. L., Plaza, A. G., & Jimenez, C. R. (2015). RAMCAT: Modelo para generar recomendaciones en un sistema de realidad aumentada contextual basándose en las preferencias del turista [RAMCAT: Model for generating recommendations in a contextual augmented reality system based on tourist preferences]. PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 13(3), 649–668. OlivenciaJ. L. L. PlazaA. G. JimenezC. R. 2015 RAMCAT: Modelo para generar recomendaciones en un sistema de realidad aumentada contextual basándose en las preferencias del turista [RAMCAT: Model for generating recommendations in a contextual augmented reality system based on tourist preferences] PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural 13 3 649 668 10.25145/j.pasos.2015.13.045 Search in Google Scholar

[29] Orlosky, J., Kiyokawa, K., & Takemura, H. (2017). Virtual and augmented reality on the 5G Highway. Journal of Information Processing, 25, 133–141. https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjjip.25.133 OrloskyJ. KiyokawaK. TakemuraH. 2017 Virtual and augmented reality on the 5G Highway Journal of Information Processing 25 133 141 https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjjip.25.133 10.2197/ipsjjip.25.133 Search in Google Scholar

[30] Rovira, A., Schieck, A. F. G., Blume, P., & Julier, S. (2020). Guidance and surroundings awareness in outdoor handheld augmented reality. PloS ONE, 15(3), e0230518. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0230518 RoviraA. SchieckA. F. G. BlumeP. JulierS. 2020 Guidance and surroundings awareness in outdoor handheld augmented reality PloS ONE 15 3 e0230518 10.1371/journal.pone.0230518 708199632191769 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[31] Scholl-Grissemann, U., & Stokburger-Sauer, N. (2012). Customer co-creation of travel services: The role of company support and customer satisfaction with the co-creation performance. Tourism Management, 33, 1483–1492. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2012.02.002 Scholl-GrissemannU. Stokburger-SauerN. 2012 Customer co-creation of travel services: The role of company support and customer satisfaction with the co-creation performance Tourism Management 33 1483 1492 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.02.002 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[32] Seyitoğlu, F., & Ivanov, S. (2020). A conceptual framework of the service delivery system design for hospitality firms in the (post-) viral world: The role of service robots. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 91, 102661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102661 SeyitoğluF. IvanovS. 2020 A conceptual framework of the service delivery system design for hospitality firms in the (post-) viral world: The role of service robots International Journal of Hospitality Management 91 102661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102661 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102661749206232952262 Search in Google Scholar

[33] Simancas Cruz, M. R., Hernández Martín, R., & Padrón Fumero, N. (2020). Turismo pos-COVID19: Reflexiones, retos y oportunidades. Cátedra de Turismo CajaCanarias-Ashotel de la Universidad de La Laguna. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=770475 Simancas CruzM. R. Hernández MartínR. Padrón FumeroN. 2020 Turismo pos-COVID19: Reflexiones, retos y oportunidades Cátedra de Turismo CajaCanarias-Ashotel de la Universidad de La Laguna https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=770475 10.25145/b.Turismopos-COVID-19.2020 Search in Google Scholar

[34] Skarlatos, D., Agrafiotis, P., Balogh, T., Bruno, F., Castro, F., Davidde Petriaggi, B., . . . Rizvic, S. (2016). Project iMARECULTURE: Advanced VR, iMmersive Serious Games and Augmented Reality as Tools to Raise Awareness and Access to European Underwater CULTURal heritagE. Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection. EuroMed 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 10058). Springer. SkarlatosD. AgrafiotisP. BaloghT. BrunoF. CastroF. Davidde PetriaggiB. RizvicS. 2016 Project iMARECULTURE: Advanced VR, iMmersive Serious Games and Augmented Reality as Tools to Raise Awareness and Access to European Underwater CULTURal heritagE Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection. EuroMed 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10058 Springer 10.1007/978-3-319-48496-9_64 Search in Google Scholar

[35] Syberfeldt, A., Danielsson, O., Holm, M., & Wang, L. (2015). Visual assembling guidance using augmented reality. Procedia Manufacturing, 1, 98–109. doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2015.09.068 SyberfeldtA. DanielssonO. HolmM. WangL. 2015 Visual assembling guidance using augmented reality Procedia Manufacturing 1 98 109 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.09.068 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[36] Torres Vega, M., Liaskos, C., Abadal, S., Papapetrou, E., Jain, A., Mouhouche, B., Kalem, G., Ergüt, S., Mach, M., Sabol, T., Cabellos-Aparicio, A., Grimm, C., De Turck, F., & Famaey, J. (2020). Immersive interconnected virtual and augmented reality: A 5G and IoT perspective. Journal of Network and Systems Management, 28(4), 796–826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-020-09545-w Torres VegaM. LiaskosC. AbadalS. PapapetrouE. JainA. MouhoucheB. KalemG. ErgütS. MachM. SabolT. Cabellos-AparicioA. GrimmC. De TurckF. FamaeyJ. 2020 Immersive interconnected virtual and augmented reality: A 5G and IoT perspective Journal of Network and Systems Management 28 4 796 826 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-020-09545-w 10.1007/s10922-020-09545-w Search in Google Scholar

[37] UNWTO (2020a). Impact of COVID19 on Global Tourism Made Clear as UNWTO Counts the Cost of Standstill. Retrieved from https://www.unwto.org/news/impact-of-covid-19-on-global-tourism-made-clear-as-unwto-counts-the-cost-of-standstill https://www.unwto.org/news/impact-of-COVID19-on-global-tourism-made-clear-as-unwto-counts-the-cost-of-standstill UNWTO 2020a Impact of COVID19 on Global Tourism Made Clear as UNWTO Counts the Cost of Standstill Retrieved from https://www.unwto.org/news/impact-of-covid-19-on-global-tourism-made-clear-as-unwto-counts-the-cost-of-standstill https://www.unwto.org/news/impact-of-COVID19-on-global-tourism-made-clear-as-unwto-counts-the-cost-of-standstill Search in Google Scholar

[38] UNWTO (2020b). International Tourist Numbers Could Fall 60–80% in 2020, UNWTO Reports. Retrieved from https://www.unwto.org/news/covid-19-international-tourist-numbers-could-fall-60-80-in-2020 https://www.unwto.org/news/COVID19-international-tourist-numbers-could-fall-60-80-in-2020 UNWTO 2020b International Tourist Numbers Could Fall 60–80% in 2020, UNWTO Reports Retrieved from https://www.unwto.org/news/covid-19-international-tourist-numbers-could-fall-60-80-in-2020 https://www.unwto.org/news/COVID19-international-tourist-numbers-could-fall-60-80-in-2020 Search in Google Scholar

[39] Valls, J.-F., Mota, L., Vieira, S. C. F., & Santos, R. (2019). Opportunities for slow tourism in Madeira. Sustainability, 11(17), 4534. doi:10.3390/su11174534 VallsJ.-F. MotaL. VieiraS. C. F. SantosR. 2019 Opportunities for slow tourism in Madeira Sustainability 11 17 4534 10.3390/su11174534 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[40] Webster, J., & Ho, H. (1997). Audience engagement in multimedia presentations. ACM SIGMIS Database: The DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 28(2), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1145/264701.264706 WebsterJ. HoH. 1997 Audience engagement in multimedia presentations ACM SIGMIS Database: The DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 28 2 63 77 https://doi.org/10.1145/264701.264706 10.1145/264701.264706 Search in Google Scholar

[41] Williams, M., Yao, K. K. K., & Nurse, J. R. C. (2017). ToARist: An augmented reality tourism app created through user-centred design. BCS Learning & Development. WilliamsM. YaoK. K. K. NurseJ. R. C. 2017 ToARist: An augmented reality tourism app created through user-centred design BCS Learning & Development 10.14236/ewic/HCI2017.1 Search in Google Scholar