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Vitamin D3 as possible diagnostic marker of Eating Disorders

Vanessa La Bella

Vanessa La Bella

Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
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Bella, Vanessa La
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Giulia Gizzi

Giulia Gizzi

Department of Philosophy, Social and Human Sciences and Education, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
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Gizzi, Giulia
, 
Elisabetta Albi

Elisabetta Albi

Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
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Albi, Elisabetta
, 
Michela Codini

Michela Codini

Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
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Codini, Michela
, 
Simonetta Marucci

Simonetta Marucci

University of Campus Biomedico, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie per l’uomo e l’ambienteRome, Italy
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Marucci, Simonetta
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Laura Dalla Ragione

Laura Dalla Ragione

University of Campus Biomedico, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie per l’uomo e l’ambienteRome, Italy
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Ragione, Laura Dalla
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Tommaso Beccari

Tommaso Beccari

  • Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
  • C.I.B. Consorzio Interuniversitario BiotecnologieTrieste, Italy
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Beccari, Tommaso
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Maria Rachele Ceccarini

Maria Rachele Ceccarini

  • Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
  • C.I.B. Consorzio Interuniversitario BiotecnologieTrieste, Italy
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Ceccarini, Maria Rachele
  
22 gen 2021
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Categoria dell'articolo: Research article
Pubblicato online: 22 gen 2021
Pagine: 24 - 33
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2021-0005
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© 2021 Vanessa La Bella, Giulia Gizzi, Elisabetta Albi, Michela Codini, Simonetta Marucci, Laura Dalla Ragione, Tommaso Beccari, Maria Rachele Ceccarini, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Different diagnoses of Eating Disorders. Percentage distribution of different subtypes of Eating Disorders in a population of 28 female patients. AN-RES (restrictive-type anorexia nervosa) in black, AN-PUR (purging-type anorexia nervosa) in dark grey, BN (bulimia nervosa) in light grey, and OSFED (other specified feeding or eating disorder) in white.
Different diagnoses of Eating Disorders. Percentage distribution of different subtypes of Eating Disorders in a population of 28 female patients. AN-RES (restrictive-type anorexia nervosa) in black, AN-PUR (purging-type anorexia nervosa) in dark grey, BN (bulimia nervosa) in light grey, and OSFED (other specified feeding or eating disorder) in white.

Figure 2

Patients with Eating Disorders divided by age. While 79% were over 14 years old, 21% were under 14 years old.
Patients with Eating Disorders divided by age. While 79% were over 14 years old, 21% were under 14 years old.

Figure 3

Percentage of patients with irregular blood count and procedure divided by type of EDs. AN-RES, restrictive-type anorexia nervosa, AN-PUR, purging-type anorexia nervosa, BN, bulimia nervosa, OSFED, other specified feeding or eating disorder.
Percentage of patients with irregular blood count and procedure divided by type of EDs. AN-RES, restrictive-type anorexia nervosa, AN-PUR, purging-type anorexia nervosa, BN, bulimia nervosa, OSFED, other specified feeding or eating disorder.

Figure 4

Statistical analysis using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis: a) leukocytes levels and EDs types (number 1 CTR, number 2 AN-RES, number 3 AN-PUR, number 4 BN and number 5 OSFED) b) erythrocytes levels and EDs types (number 1 CTR, number 2 AN-RES, number 3 AN-PUR, number 4 BN and number 5 OSFED), c) Pairwise Comparison to compare leukocytes levels and EDs types in pairs (significant correlation in yellow lines) d) Pairwise Comparison to compare erythrocytes levels and EDs types in pairs (significant correlation in yellow lines).
Statistical analysis using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis: a) leukocytes levels and EDs types (number 1 CTR, number 2 AN-RES, number 3 AN-PUR, number 4 BN and number 5 OSFED) b) erythrocytes levels and EDs types (number 1 CTR, number 2 AN-RES, number 3 AN-PUR, number 4 BN and number 5 OSFED), c) Pairwise Comparison to compare leukocytes levels and EDs types in pairs (significant correlation in yellow lines) d) Pairwise Comparison to compare erythrocytes levels and EDs types in pairs (significant correlation in yellow lines).

Figure 5

Percentage of patients with hypoglycemia and divided by type of EDs. AN-RES, restrictive-type anorexia nervosa, AN-PUR, purging-type anorexia nervosa, BN, bulimia nervosa, OSFED, other specified feeding or eating disorder.
Percentage of patients with hypoglycemia and divided by type of EDs. AN-RES, restrictive-type anorexia nervosa, AN-PUR, purging-type anorexia nervosa, BN, bulimia nervosa, OSFED, other specified feeding or eating disorder.

Figure 6

Percentage of patients with hypercholesterolemia divided by type of EDs. AN-RES, restrictive-type anorexia nervosa, AN-PUR, purging-type anorexia nervosa, BN, bulimia nervosa, OSFED, other specified feeding or eating disorder.
Percentage of patients with hypercholesterolemia divided by type of EDs. AN-RES, restrictive-type anorexia nervosa, AN-PUR, purging-type anorexia nervosa, BN, bulimia nervosa, OSFED, other specified feeding or eating disorder.

Figure 7

Vitamin D3 values in adults patients divided by type of EDs. AN-RES, restrictive-type anorexia nervosa, AN-PUR, purging-type anorexia nervosa, BN, bulimia nervosa, OSFED, other specified feeding or eating disorder.
Vitamin D3 values in adults patients divided by type of EDs. AN-RES, restrictive-type anorexia nervosa, AN-PUR, purging-type anorexia nervosa, BN, bulimia nervosa, OSFED, other specified feeding or eating disorder.

Figure 8

Vitamin D3 values in “girls” patients divided by type of Eating Disorders Only AN-RES, restrictive-type anorexia nervosa and OSFED, other specified feeding or eating disorder.
Vitamin D3 values in “girls” patients divided by type of Eating Disorders Only AN-RES, restrictive-type anorexia nervosa and OSFED, other specified feeding or eating disorder.

Figure 9

Statistical analysis using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis: a) Vitamin D3 levels and EDs types (number 1 CTR, number 2 AN-RES, number 3 AN-PUR, number 4 BN and number 5 OSFED) b) Vitamin D3 levels and EDs types in different age groups (number 1 CTR<14, number 2 CTR>14, number 3 AN-RES<14, number 4 AN-RES>14, number 5 AN-PUR, number 6 BN and number 7 OSFED<14, number 8 OSFED>14), c) Pairwise Comparison to compare EDs types in pairs (significant correlation in yellow lines) d) Pairwise Comparison to compare EDs types in different age groups in pairs (significant correlation in yellow lines).
Statistical analysis using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis: a) Vitamin D3 levels and EDs types (number 1 CTR, number 2 AN-RES, number 3 AN-PUR, number 4 BN and number 5 OSFED) b) Vitamin D3 levels and EDs types in different age groups (number 1 CTR<14, number 2 CTR>14, number 3 AN-RES<14, number 4 AN-RES>14, number 5 AN-PUR, number 6 BN and number 7 OSFED<14, number 8 OSFED>14), c) Pairwise Comparison to compare EDs types in pairs (significant correlation in yellow lines) d) Pairwise Comparison to compare EDs types in different age groups in pairs (significant correlation in yellow lines).

Sociodemographic characteristics (age) and clinical characteristics (BMI, clinical manifestations in the skin, muscle and genitourinary tract) of all the patients in the study according to type of EDs_

N°DiagnosesAgeBMISkinMuscleGenitourinary
1AN-RES1114,2pale-dehydratedhypotrophicno menarche
2OSFED1114,1hypotrophicnormotrophic-normotonicsecondary amenorrhea
3AN-RES1215,1hypertrophic-lanugohypotrophicno menarche
4AN-RES1215,4pale-lanugohypotrophic-hypotonicsecondary amenorrhea
5AN-RES1215,6hypertrophic-lanugohypotrophicsecondary amenorrhea
6AN-RES1217,2normalnormotrophic-normotonicno menarche
7AN-RES1513,8pale-normohydratednormotrophic-normotonicsecondary amenorrhea
8AN-RES1514,4pale-lanugohypotonicprimary amenorrhea
9AN-PUR1614,3normalhypotonicregular menstrual cycle
10AN-RES1612,8pale-dehydratedhypotrophicsecondary amenorrhea
11AN-RES1613,2pale-dehydratedhypotrophic-hypotonicsecondary amenorrhea
12AN-RES1615,1hypotrophichypotrophicprimary amenorrhea
13AN-RES1615,2hypotrophichypotrophicsecondary amenorrhea
14AN-PUR1716,2pale-lanugohypotrophicsecondary amenorrhea
15AN-RES1913,5pale-dehydratedhypotrophic-hypotonicsecondary amenorrhea
16AN-RES1913,6normalnormotrophic-normotonicsecondary amenorrhea
17AN-RES1913,7hypotrophic-lanugohypotrophic-hypotonicsecondary amenorrhea
18AN-RES1915,2hypotrophic-lanugohypotrophicregular menstrual cycle
19AN-RES2014,7normalhypotrophicsecondary amenorrhea
20AN-RES2015,1pale-lanugohypotrophic-hypotonicsecondary amenorrhea
21OSFED2317,1normalnormotrophic-normotonicregular menstrual cycle
22AN-PUR2414,2hypotrophic-lanugohypotrophicsecondary amenorrhea
23AN-RES2915,1cyanosishypotrophic-hypotonicsecondary amenorrhea
24BN2915,7pale-dehydratedhypotrophic-hypotonicsecondary amenorrhea
25BN2923,3normalhypotonic (Bechet syndrome)secondary amenorrhea
26AN-PUR3214,6normalhypotrophicsecondary amenorrhea
27AN-PUR3216,0pale-dehydratednormotrophic-normotonicsecondary amenorrhea
28OSFED5023,3normalnormotrophic-normotonicregular menstrual cycle
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