[
Ab Hamid, M. R., Sami, W., & Mohmad Sidek, M. H. (2017). Discriminant validity assessment: Use of Fornell & Larcker criterion versus HTMT criterion. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 890(1), Article 012163. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012163
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Alapo, R. (2018). Organizational power politics and leadership experiences on the view and use of power in organizations. Management Studies, 6(1), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2185/2018.01.003
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Al-Dalal, M. S. M. (2011). The impact of organisational strength on achieving competitive advantage. Middle East University.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Al-Harby, K., & Hakami, F. I. (2021). The professional empowerment requirements among educational female supervisors in Jazan region. Ilkogretim Online, 20(6), 258–275.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Alfadli, M. A., & Al-Mehaisen, S. M. (2019). The reality of administrative empowerment among the recently employed administrators in the intermediate schools. International Education Studies, 12(6), 120–133. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n6p120
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Alhalal, E., Alrashidi, L. M., & Alanazi, A. N. (2020). Predictors of patient-centered care provision among nurses in acute care setting. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(6), 1400–1409. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13100
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Altinkurt, Y., & Yilmaz, K. (2012). Relationship between school administrators’ organisational power sources and teachers’ organisational citizenship behaviors. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 12(3), 1843–1852. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1000899.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Areiqat, A., & Zamil, A. (2011). The role of empowerment in crisis management in business organisations. Asian Journal of Business Management, 3(3), 188–195. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220007632_The_Role_of_Empowerment_in_Crisis_Management_in_Business_Organizations
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Arini, T., & Juanamasta, I. G. (2020). The role of hospital management to enhance nursing job satisfaction. Indonesian Nursing Journal of Education and Clinic (Injec), 5(1), 82–86. https://doi.org/10.24990/injec.v5i1.295
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Arshad, A. (2022). Employees in the face of abusive supervision: Using personal, social and environment resources as coping mechanisms [Doctoral dissertation, The University of Waikato]. https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/14825
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Badah, A. (2012). Relationship between the knowledge management processes and the administrative empowerment with the employees of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research-Jordan. European Scientific Journal, 8(28), 191–.209 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/328023503.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Baird, K., & Wang, H. (2010). Employee empowerment: Extent of adoption and influential factors. Personnel Review, 39(5), 574–599. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483481011064154
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Boudrias, J.-S., Gaudreau, P., & Laschinger, H. K. S. (2004). Testing the structure of psychological empowerment: Does gender make a difference? Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64(5), 861–877. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164404264840
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cameron, K. S., & Whetten, D. A. (1981). Perceptions of organisational effectiveness over organisational life cycles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26(4) 525–544. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392338
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cherifi, S. (2020). Management empowerment strategies and its role in leading organisational change. Algerian Institutions Performance Magazine, 16(1), 77–90.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cho, J., Laschinger, H. K. S., & Wong, C. (2006). Workplace empowerment, work engagement and organisational commitment of new graduate nurses. Nursing Leadership-Academy of Canadian Executive Nurses, 19(3), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.12927/cjnl.2006.18368
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cohen, J. (1988). Set correlation and contingency tables. Applied Psychological Measurement, 12(4), 425–434. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662168801200410
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dedahanov, A. T., Bozorov, F., & Sung, S. (2019). Paternalistic leadership and innovative behavior: Psychological empowerment as a mediator. Sustainability, 11(6), Article 1770. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061770
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Djoual, M. S. (2015). Empowerment and its impact on the development of creative behaviors in economic organisations. Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Echebiri, C., Amundsen, S., & Engen, M. (2020). Linking structural empowerment to employeedriven innovation: the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Administrative Sciences, 10(3), Article 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci10030042
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Erkul, H., Kanten, P., & Gümüştekin, G. (2018). The effects of structural empowerment on corporate reputation and organisational identification. Acta Academica Karviniensia, 3(1), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.25142/aak.2018.018
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Falatah, R., Al-Harbi, L., & Alhalal, E. (2022). The association between cultural competency, structural empowerment, and effective communication among nurses in Saudi Arabia: A crosssectional correlational study. Nursing Reports, 12(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep12020028
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fleming, P., & Spicer, A. (2007). Contesting the corporation: Struggle, power and resistance in organisations. Cambridge University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fleming, P., & Spicer, A. (2014). Power in management and organisation science. Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 237–298. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2014.875671
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gamal, M.-A., Adam, S., & Abd El Azim, H. (2020). Effect of application of Kanter’s empowerment theory on nurse intern’s assertiveness. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 11(2), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2020.94348
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gibson, J. L., Ivancevich, J. M., James H. Donnelly, J., & Konopaske, R. (2007). Organizational Behavior. In McGraw-Hill Inc. New York. (Vol. 59).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Grant, R.M. (1991). A resource-based perspective of competitive advantage. California Management Review, 33, 114–135.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing, 20, 277–319. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Honold, L. (1997). A review of the literature on employee empowerment. Empowerment in Organisations, 5(4), 202–212. https://doi.org/10.1108/14634449710195471
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kanter, R. M. (1977). Men and women of the corporation. New York, NY: Basic Books.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kanter, R. M. (1993). Men and women of the corporation (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kanter, R. M. (2008). Men and women of the corporation: New edition. New York, NY: Basic Books.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Karaparambil, J. T. (2021). The relationship between structural empowerment and job satisfaction: A cross-sectional study. The University of Manitoba.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kenny, G. K., & Wilson, D. C. (1984). The interdepartmental influence of managers: Individual and sub-unit perspectives. Journal of Management Studies, 21(4), 409–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1984.tb00236.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kenny, G. K., & Wilson, D. C. (2017). The interdepartmental influence of managers: Individual and sub-unit perspectives. Journal of Management Studies, 21(4), 191–210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1984.tb00236.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kreitner, R., & Kinicki, A. (2007). Organisational behavior (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Inc, New York.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Laschinger, H. K. S. (2012). Conditions for work effectiveness questionnaire I and II: User manual. Western University, Canada.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J., Shamian, J., & Wilk, P. (2001). Impact of structural and psychological empowerment on job strain in nursing work settings: expanding Kanter’s model. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 31(5), 260–272. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005110-200105000-00006
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Laschinger, H. K. S., Sabiston, J. A., & Kutszcher, L. (1997). Empowerment and staff nurse decision involvement in nursing work environments: testing Kanter’s theory of structural power in organisations. Research in Nursing & Health, 20(4), 341–352. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-240X(199708)20:4<341::AID-NUR7>3.0.CO;2-G
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Laschinger, H. K. S., Gilbert, S., Smith, L. M., & Leslie, K. (2010). Towards a comprehensive theory of nurse/patient empowerment: applying Kanter’s empowerment theory to patient care. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(1), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2009.01046.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lee-Ross, D., & Lashley, C. (2010). Entrepreneurship and small business management in the hospitality industry. Routledge.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lincoln, N. D., Travers, C., Ackers, P., & Wilkinson, A. (2002). The meaning of empowerment: The interdisciplinary etymology of a new management concept. International Journal of Management Reviews, 4(3), 271–290. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00087
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lin, C. Y.-Y. (2002). Empowerment in the service industry: An empirical study in Taiwan. The Journal of Psychology, 136(5), 533–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980209605549
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lu, Z. (2016). How does organisational power affect organisation perceptions? The Pennsylvania State University, The Graduate School.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lukes, S. (2005). Power and the battle for hearts and minds. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 33(3), 477–493. https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298050330031201
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lundin, K., Silén, M., Strömberg, A., Engström, M., & Skytt, B. (2022). Staff structural empowerment – Observations of first-line managers and interviews with managers and staff. Journal of Nursing Management, 30(2), 403–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13513
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Maung, K. T. (2022). Factors influencing employee loyalty in Victorial Hospital [MBA Thesis, Yangon University of Economics], MERAL Portal.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Maxfield, V. (2021). Power, politics, and organisational change: winning the turf game. In D. Buchanan & R. Badham (Eds.), Power, politics, and organisational change: winning the turf game (pp. 283–285), Los Angeles, SAGE.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
McKivor, L. A. C. (2016). A study of the relationships between empowerment, decision-making style and job satisfaction in female middle managers within Ontario’s University registrarial units [Doctoral dissertation, The University of Western Ontario].
]Search in Google Scholar
[
McFarlin, D. B., & Sweeney, P. D. (2001). Cross-cultural applications of organisational justice. Justice in the Workplace: From Theory to Practice, 2(2), 67–95.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Melhem, Y. (2006). Prerequisites of employee empowerment: the case of Jordanian mobile phone companies. Jordan Journal of Business Administration, 2(4), 585–598.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Meyerson, S. L., & Kline, T. J. B. (2008). Psychological and environmental empowerment: Antecedents and consequences. Leadership & Organisation Development Journal, 29(5), 444–460. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730810887049
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mia, M. M., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Nitsenko, V., Matusevych, T., & Mordous, I. (2022). The strategy of factors influencing learning satisfaction explored by first and second-order structural equation modeling (SEM). Inventions, 7(3), Article 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7030059
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Miley, K. K., O’Melia, M. W., & DuBois, B. L. (2017). Generalist social work practice: An empowering approach. Boston: Pearson.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Miller, P. A., Goddard, P., & Laschinger, H. K. S. (2001). Evaluating physical therapists’ perception of empowerment using Kanter’s theory of structural power in organisations. Physical Therapy, 81(12), 1880–1888. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/81.12.1880
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mills, P. K., & Ungson, G. R. (2003). Reassessing the limits of structural empowerment: Organisational constitution and trust as controls. Academy of Management Review, 28(1), 143–153. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2003.8925254
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mokaddam, A. J., & Adnani, K. (2019). The effect of organisational strength on employee creativity: A case study of the faculty of economic sciences, university of Bashar. Journal of Business and Finance Economy, 4, 243–254.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nurhidayati, N., & Najmah, N. (2022). Performance enhancement strategy through work engagement: The role of transformational leadership and structural empowerment. E-Academia Journal, 11(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.24191/e-aj.v11i1.18274
]Search in Google Scholar
[
OmarFatna, B., & Garbi, S. (2021). The factorial structure of the measure of organisational strength: an analytical study using exploratory and confirmatory factors. Journal of the Researcher in the Humanities and Social Sciences, 1, 133–148.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Othman, I. (2017). The mediating role of organisational power in the relationship between delegation of authority and administrative creativity. Sudan University of Science and Technology, College of Graduate Studies.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Patterson, E. A., Branch, S., Barker, M., & Ramsay, S. (2018). Playing with power: Examinations of types of power used by staff members in workplace bullying – A qualitative interview study Studies. Qualitative Research in Organisations and Management: An International Journal, 13(1), 32–52. https://doi.org/10.1108/QROM-10-2016-1441
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pedro, H., Koentjoro, K., & Meiyanto, S. (2020). A comparative study on structural empowerment of co-operatives members in urban and rural setting. Education and Humanities Research, 409, 432–434. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200225.092
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pinderhughes, E. B. (1983). Empowerment for our clients and for ourselves. Social Casework, 64(6), 331–338. https://doi.org/10.1177/104438948306400602
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Peiró, J. M., & Meliá, J. L. (2003). Formal and informal interpersonal power in organisations: Testing a bifactorial model of power in role-sets, Applied Psychology: An International Review, 52(1), 14–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00121
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Porter, Michael E. (2008). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York: Simon and Schuster.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Puskulluoglu, E. I., & Altinkurt, Y. (2017). Development of teachers’ structural empowerment scale (TSES): A validity and reliability study. Üniversitepark Bülten, 6(1), 118–132. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED607542.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rahim, M. A. (1989). Relationships of leader power to compliance and satisfaction with supervision: Evidence from a national sample of managers. Journal of Management, 15(4), 545–556. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920638901500404
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ramidi, B. Al. (2019). The mediator role of organisational identification in the relationship between organisational power and organisational reputation: An empirical study on the Egyptian travel agents. Economic Researcher Review, 7(11), 484–507.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ramos, V., Franco-Crespo, A., González-Pérez, L., Guerra, Y., Ramos-Galarza, C., Pazmiño, P., & Tejera, E. (2019). Analysis of organisational power networks through a holistic approach using consensus strategies. Heliyon, 5(2), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01172
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Remi Alapo. (2017). Organisational power politics and leadership experiences on the view and use of power in organisations. Management Studies, 6(1), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2185/2018.01.003
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Samaa, S. M., Sakr, Z. M., & Saeed, S. S. (2021). The role of the manager’s organizational strength in influencing the performance of the organization. Journal of Business Research, 217–224. https://doi.org/10.21608/ZCOM.2021.68976.1030
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sarstedt, M., Hair Jr, J. F., Nitzl, C., Ringle, C. M., & Howard, M. C. (2020). Beyond a tandem analysis of SEM and PROCESS: Use of PLS-SEM for mediation analyses! International Journal of Market Research, 62(3), 288–299.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sharma, A., Choi, J., Lee, H., Levine, S., & Gu, S. S. (2021). Variational empowerment as representation learning for goal-based reinforcement learning. arXiv preprint, pp. 1–18. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.01404.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shmueli, G., & Koppius, O. R. (2011). Predictive analytics in information systems research. MIS quarterly, 35(3), 553–572. https://doi.org/10.2307/23042796
]Search in Google Scholar
[
So, L. Y. (2020). Adverse event reporting among US nurses [Doctoral dissertation, University of California], Los Angeles. https://escholarship.org/content/qt7jm0w213/qt7jm0w213_noSplash_d696099acd51117bc11cb2ecd50ebb70.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of management Journal, 38(5), 1442–1465.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Stirr, T. (2003). Fundamentals of Empowerment. Thomas-Ritt Associates Limited, 5431–5433.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sunny, K. G., & Yajurvedi, N. (2022). Enhancing the efficacy of organisational competitive advantage through employee empowerment. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(3), 5457–5465. https://www.journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/3108
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Surepally, S. (2021). Women empowerment through education – a sociological perspective. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, 514(1), 206–210. http://s3-apsoutheast-1.amazonaws.com/ijmer/pdf/volume10/volume10-issue1(7)/30.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Terkamo-Moisio, A., Palonen, M., Vaartio-Rajalin, H., Peltonen, L.-M., Partanen, P., Leino-Kilpi, H., Kaunonen, M., Kaakinen, P., & Häggman-Laitila, A. (2022). Structural and psychological empowerment of students obtaining continuing leadership education in Finland – a national survey. Nurse Education Today, 116, Article 105456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105456
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Thomas, Y. (2021). Breastfeeding as an emergency medicine resident: From guilt to empowerment. Breastfeeding Medicine, 16(10), 777–778. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2021.0143
]Search in Google Scholar
[
van den Berg, J., Alblas, A., Blanc, P. Le, & Romme, A. G. L. (2021). How structural empowerment boosts organisational resilience: A case study in the Dutch home care industry. Organisation Studies, 43(9), 1425–1451. https://doi.org/10.1177/01708406211030659
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Vogt, J. F., & Murrell, K. L. (1990). Empowerment in organisations: How to spark exceptional performance. Pfeiffer & Company.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Psychological empowerment: Issues and illustrations. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 581–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02506983
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zhang, J., & Li, H. (2022). The impact of big data management capabilities on the performance of manufacturing firms in Asian economy during COVID-19: The mediating role of organisational agility and moderating role of information technology capability. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.833026
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Weber, M. (1947). The theory of social and economic organisation. Glencoe: Free Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
, 