Does the Level of NNK in Tobacco and Tobacco Products Depend on the Level of Pseudooxynicotine or of Nicotine-1′-N-Oxide?

1 Brandsch, R.: Microbiology and Biochemistry of Nicotine Degradation; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 69 (2006) 493–498. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0226-0 BrandschR. Microbiology and Biochemistry of Nicotine Degradation Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2006 69 493 498 10.1007/s00253-005-0226-0 16333621 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

2 Eberhardt, H.J.: The Biological Degradation of Nicotine by Nicotinophilic Microorganisms; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 16 (1995) 119–129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0638 EberhardtH.J. The Biological Degradation of Nicotine by Nicotinophilic Microorganisms Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 1995 16 119 129 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0638 10.2478/cttr-2013-0638 Search in Google Scholar

3 Gurusamy, R. and S. Natarajan: Current Status on Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Microbial Degradation of Nicotine; Scientific World Journal 29 (2013) Art. 125385. DOI: 10.1155/2013/125385 GurusamyR. NatarajanS. Current Status on Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Microbial Degradation of Nicotine Scientific World Journal 2013 29 Art. 125385. 10.1155/2013/125385 389154124470788 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4 Kisaki, T., M. Ihida, and E. Tamaki: Chemistry of the N’-Oxides of Nicotine and Myosmine; Bull. Agr. Chem. Soc. Japan 24 (1960) 719–728. DOI: 10.1080/03758397.1960.10857736 KisakiT. IhidaM. TamakiE. Chemistry of the N’-Oxides of Nicotine and Myosmine Bull. Agr. Chem. Soc. Japan 1960 24 719 728 10.1080/03758397.1960.10857736 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5 Hecht, S.S.: Biochemistry, Biology, and Carcinogenicity of Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 11 (1998) 559–603. DOI: 10.1021/tx980005y HechtS.S. Biochemistry, Biology, and Carcinogenicity of Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1998 11 559 603 10.1021/tx980005y 9625726 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6 The U.S. Food and Drug Agency (FDA): Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHCs): https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/products-ingredients-components/harmful-and-potentially-harmful-constituents-hphcs The U.S. Food and Drug Agency (FDA) Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHCs) https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/products-ingredients-components/harmful-and-potentially-harmful-constituents-hphcs Search in Google Scholar

7 Moldoveanu, S.C., M. Adams, and F.K. St.Charles: Variations of TSNA Levels in Tobaccos Upon Heating at Moderate Temperatures; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 29 (2020) 84–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2020-0009 MoldoveanuS.C. AdamsM. St.CharlesF.K. Variations of TSNA Levels in Tobaccos Upon Heating at Moderate Temperatures Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 2020 29 84 96 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2020-0009 10.2478/cttr-2020-0009 Search in Google Scholar

8 Lang, G. and A. Vuarnoz: Matrix-Bound 4-(methyl-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in Tobacco: Quantification and Evidence for an Origin from Lignin-Incorporated Alkaloids; J. Nat. Prod. 78 (2015) 85–92. DOI: 10.1021/np500725a. LangG. VuarnozA. Matrix-Bound 4-(methyl-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in Tobacco: Quantification and Evidence for an Origin from Lignin-Incorporated Alkaloids J. Nat. Prod. 2015 78 85 92 10.1021/np500725a Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

9 Ji, H., Y. Wu, F. Fannin, and L. Bush: Determination of PON in Tobacco and Tobacco Products Using UPLC/MS/MS; 70^th Tobacco Science Research Conference, Vol. 70, Palm Beach Gardens, Fl, USA (2016) Presentation 47. Available at: https://www.coresta.org/sites/default/files/events/70th-TSRC-Abstracts_2016.pdf (accessed February 06, 2022) JiH. WuY. FanninF. BushL. Determination of PON in Tobacco and Tobacco Products Using UPLC/MS/MS 70th Tobacco Science Research Conference Vol. 70 Palm Beach Gardens, Fl, USA 2016 Presentation 47. Available at: https://www.coresta.org/sites/default/files/events/70th-TSRC-Abstracts_2016.pdf (accessed February 06, 2022) Search in Google Scholar

10 Moldoveanu, S.C.: Correlation of NNK levels in Tobacco and Moist Snuff With the Levels of Pseudooxynicotine and Nicotine-1′-N-oxide; 74^th Tobacco Science Research Conference, Vol. 74, Boston, MA, USA (2021) Presentation 77. Available at: https://www.coresta.org/events/74th-tsrc-tobacco-science-research-conference-34232.html (accessed February 06, 2022) MoldoveanuS.C. Correlation of NNK levels in Tobacco and Moist Snuff With the Levels of Pseudooxynicotine and Nicotine-1′-N-oxide 74th Tobacco Science Research Conference Vol. 74 Boston, MA, USA 2021 Presentation 77. Available at: https://www.coresta.org/events/74th-tsrc-tobacco-science-research-conference-34232.html (accessed February 06, 2022) Search in Google Scholar

11 European Medicines Ageny (EMEA): ICH Topic Q2 (R1) Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology; International Conference on Harmonization, 1994 (June 1995). Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/ich-q-2-r1-validation-analytical-procedures-text-methodology-step-5_en.pdf (assessed February 06, 2022) European Medicines Ageny (EMEA) ICH Topic Q2 (R1) Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology International Conference on Harmonization 1994 (June 1995) Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/ich-q-2-r1-validation-analytical-procedures-text-methodology-step-5_en.pdf (assessed February 06, 2022) Search in Google Scholar