[1. S⊘rensen, S.P.L.: Enzymstudien. II. Uber die Mes-sung und die Bedeutung der Wasserstoffionenkon-zentration bei enzymatischen Prozessen; Biochem. Z. 21 (1909) 131-200, see 131-134,159-160; [French language version]; Compt. Rend. Trav. Lab. Carls-berg 8 (1909) 1.]Search in Google Scholar
[2. S⊘rensen, S.P.L. and K. Linderstrem-Lang: Compt. Rend. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg 15 (No. 6) (1924) 40.]Search in Google Scholar
[3. Getman, F.H. and F. Daniels: Outlines of physical chemistry; 7th ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y. 1945, pp. 450-451, 493-494.]Search in Google Scholar
[4. Bates, R.G.: Determination of pH: theory and prac-tice; John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y. 1965, 173-175.]Search in Google Scholar
[5. Ricci, J.E.: Hydrogen ion concentration: New con-cepts in a systematic treatment; Princeton Univer-sity Press, Princeton, N.J., 1952, pp. 1-460.10.1515/9781400876105]Search in Google Scholar
[6. Bates, R.G.: Determination of pH: theory and prac-tice; John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y, 1965,32-33.]Search in Google Scholar
[7. Westcott, C.C.: pH measurements; Academic Press, New York, N.Y, 1978, pp. 1-172, see 89-92.10.1016/B978-0-12-745150-3.50004-7]Search in Google Scholar
[8. Wenusch, A.: On the strength of tobacco products; Fachliche Mitt. Ósterr. Tabakregie, Issue no. 3 (1931) 1-10; see also Wenusch, A.: Der Tabakrauch; Arthur Geist, Bremen, Germany, 1939.]Search in Google Scholar
[9. Shmuk, A. and M. Kolesnik: The reaction of tobacco smoke in connection with the quality of tobacco; Narkom. SSSR-SoyuztabakGosudar. Inst. Tabak Buli. 80 (1931) 45-52.]Search in Google Scholar
[10. Molinari, E. and H. Kuhn: Fachliche Mitt. Ósterr. Tabakregie, Issue no. 1 (1954) 1; Pyriki, C. and W.F. Homann: Gruppenzugehórigkeit von fermentierten Tabaken und das Verhalten derselben bei der Wasserdampfbehandlung; Ber. Inst. Tabakforsch. Dresden 2 (1955) 151-173; Pyriki, C: Relations entre la composition chimique du tabac et les caracteres de la fumće; Proceedings of the 2nd International Scien-tific Tobacco Congress, 1966, 460-495.]Search in Google Scholar
[11. Lickint, F, Atiologie und Prophylaxe des Lungen-krebses; Krebsarzt (Wien) 8 (1953) 281-286.]Search in Google Scholar
[12. Kukowka, A. and B. Rackow: The acidifying and colloidal behavior of emulsified tobacco smokes of different origins; Deut. Gesundheit. 14 (1959) 1944-1951.]Search in Google Scholar
[13. Pyriki, C. and W.F. Homann: Uber Chinatabak. II. Die weiteren Merkmale des Tabaks und die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen der chemischen Zusammensetzung und der Handelsqualitat; Ber. Inst. Tabakforsch. Dresden 6 (1959) 106-125.]Search in Google Scholar
[14. Kobashi, Y, S. Sakaguchi, and M. łzawa: Studies on the thermal decomposition of tobacco alkaloids. III. Combustion temperatures of some unblended ciga-rettes and the transfer of nicotine into cigarette smoke; Buli. Agr. Chem Soc. 0apan) 24 (1960) 274-277.]Search in Google Scholar
[15. Grób, K.: Die Bestimmung des pH-Wertes und der Pufferungkapazitat des Cigarettenrauches ais Rou-tine-Methode; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 1 (1961) 97-100.]Search in Google Scholar
[16. Artho, AJ. and K. Grób: Distribution of nicotine between the vapour and particulate phases of cigarette smoke; 17th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 17, Paper No. 10, 1963, p. 10; Nikotinabsorption aus dem Cigarettenrauch; Z. Pravent. Med. 9 (1964) 14-25.]Search in Google Scholar
[17. Kensler, C.J. and S.P. Battista: Factors effecting [sic] mammalian ciliary activity; Proc. Am. Assoc. Can-cer Res. 4 (1) (1963) 33; Components of cigarette smoke with ciliary-depressant activity: Their selective removal by filters containing activated charcoal; New Eng. J. Med. 269 (1963) 1161-1166.]Search in Google Scholar
[18. Wynder, E.L. and D. Hoffmann: Tobacco and tobacco smoke: Studies in experimental carcinog-enesis; Academic Press, New York, N.Y, 1967, pp. 251-253.]Search in Google Scholar
[19. Artho, AJ. and K. Grób: Zur pH-Bestimmung von Cigarettenrauch; Mitt. Geb. Lebensm. Hyg. 56 (1965) 270-273.]Search in Google Scholar
[20. Cundiff, R.H, AJ. Sensabaugh, Jr, and P.C. Markunas: Titrimetric determination of acid fractions of tobacco smoke; 15th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 15, Paper No. 14, 1961, p. 7. Tob. Sci. 6 (1962) 25-27.]Search in Google Scholar
[21. Artho, AJ. and K. Grob: Nikotinabsorption aus dem Zigarettenrauch; Z. Pravent. Med. 9 (1970) 90-95.]Search in Google Scholar
[22. Ayres, CL and S.R. Evelyn: Filtration of nicotine by synthetic filter plugs: Dependence upon type of tobacco; 18th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Confer-ence, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 18, Paper No. 25, 1964, pp. 37-39.]Search in Google Scholar
[23. Fordyce, W.B. and H.G. Horsewell: The effect of pH on cigarette smoke filtration; 19th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 19, Paper No. 20, 1965, p. 31.]Search in Google Scholar
[24. Artho, A.J. and K. Grób: Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung des pH-Wertes von Zigarettenrauch; Mitt. Geb. Lebensm. Hyg. 57 (1966) 366-373; [Eng-lish translation]: Investigations into the determination of the pH value of cigarette smoke; Tabak J. Internat. 1(1971)31-33.]Search in Google Scholar
[25. Sensabaugh, A.J. Jr. and R.H. Cundiff: A new technique for determining the pH of whole tobacco smoke; 20th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 20, Paper No. 25, 1966, pp. 31-32; Tob. Sci. 11 (1967) 25-30.]Search in Google Scholar
[26. Brunnemann, K.D. and D. Hoffmann: [Chemical studies on tobacco smoke. XXV.] On the pH of tobacco smoke; 26th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 26, Paper No. 11, 1972, pp. 16-17; Food Cosmet. Tcmcol. 12 (1974) 115-124.]Search in Google Scholar
[27. Dobbins, J.T. Jr.: Cigarettes; in: Encyclopedia of industrial chemical analysis, Vol. 10, edited by F.D. Snell and L.S. Ettre, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1970, pp. 1-42, see 21-25.]Search in Google Scholar
[28. Patel, A.R.: Preparation and monitoring of cigarette smoke condensate samples; in: Report No. 1. To-ward less hazardous cigarettes. The first set of experi-mental cigarettes, DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 765-905, 1976, pp. 49-58; Report No. 2. Toward less hazardous cigarettes. The second set of experimental cigarettes, DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 76-1111, 1976, pp. 71-84; Report No. 3. Toward less hazardous cigarettes. The third set of experimental cigarettes, DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 77-1280, 1977, pp. 67-80; Report No. 4. Toward less hazardous cigarettes. The fourth set of experimental cigarettes, edited by G.B. Gori, DHEW Publ. No. (NIH), March 1980, pp. 99-114.]Search in Google Scholar
[29. Guerin, M.R.: Chemical characterization of experi-mental cigarettes and cigarette smoke condensates; in: Report No. 1. Toward less hazardous cigarettes. The first set of experimental cigarettes, edited by G.B. Gori, DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 76-905, 1976, pp. 59-84; Guerin, M.R., R.B. Quincy, and H. Ku-bota: Chemical characterization of experimental cigarettes and cigarette smoke condensates; in: Report No. 2. Toward less hazardous cigarettes. The second set of experimental cigarettes, edited by G.B. Gori, DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 76-1111, 1976, pp. 33-55; Griest, W.H, M.R. Guerin, R.B. Quincy, and H. Kubota: Chemical characterization of experimental cigarettes and cigarette smoke condensates; in: Report No. 3. Toward less hazardous cigarettes. The third set of experimental cigarettes, edited by G.B. Gori, DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 77-1280, 1977, pp. 67-80; Griest, W.H., M.R. Guerin, R.B. Quincy, R.A. Jenkins, and H. Kubota: Chemical characterization of experimental cigarettes and cigarette smoke condensates; in: Report No. 4. Toward less hazardous cigarettes. The fourth set of experi-mental cigarettes, edited by G.B. Gori, DHEW Publ. No. (NIH), March 1980, pp. 65-97.]Search in Google Scholar
[30. Guerin, M.R.: Chemical characterization of experi-mental cigarettes and cigarette smoke condensates; in: Report No. 1. Toward less hazardous cigarettes. The first set of experimental cigarettes, edited by G.B. Gori, DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 76-905, 1976, pp. 59-84, seep. 62.]Search in Google Scholar
[31. Gori, G.B, S.P. Battista, P.S. Thayer, M.R. Guerin, and C.J. Lynch: Chemistry and in vitro bioassay of smoke from experimental filter cigarettes; DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 76-1076 (1976) pp. 1-42.]Search in Google Scholar
[32. National Cancer Institute (NCI): Report No. 5. Toward less hazardous cigarettes. Summary: Four skin painting bioassays using condensate from ex-perimental cigarettes; DHEW Publ. (NIH) Septem-ber 1980.]Search in Google Scholar
[33. Harris, J.L. and L.E. Hayes: A method for measuring the pH value of whole smoke; 30th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 30, Paper No. 43, 1976, p. 30. Tob. Sci. 21 (1977) 58-60.]Search in Google Scholar
[34. Kłus, H, H. Begutter, and I. Ultsch: Der Einfluss des Filterventilationsgrades auf einige ausgewahlte Rauchparameter; CORESTA Smoke Study Meeting, Albufeira, Portugal, 1981.]Search in Google Scholar
[35. Kruszyński, AJ.: The measurement of whole smoke pH of tobacco smoke; CORESTA 1982 Symposium, Winston-Salem NC, CORESTA Inf. Buli, Spec. Edition 1982, Paper S06, pp. 16-17.]Search in Google Scholar
[36. Lakritz, L, R.L. Stedman, and E.D. Strange: Artifi-cial alteration of smoke pH: effects on composition and filtration; 22nd Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 22, Paper No. 43, 1968, p. 25; Artificial alteration of smoke pH: effects on formie and acetic acids and phenols; 23rd Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 23, Paper No. 31, 1969, p. 22.]Search in Google Scholar
[37. Stedman RL, L. Lakritz, and E.R. Strange: Composition studies on tobacco. XXXIII. Changes in smoke composition and filtration by artificial alteration of smoke pH; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 5 (1969) 13-17.]Search in Google Scholar
[38. Braumann, T. and H. Elmenhorst: The pH of main-stream smoke; 43rd Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 43, Paper No. 30, 1989, p. 29.]Search in Google Scholar
[39. Green, CR. and A. Rodgman: The Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference: A half century forum for advances in analytical methodology of tobacco and its products; Rec. Adv. Tob. Sci. 22 (1996) 131-304.]Search in Google Scholar
[40. Wingate, D.E, D.L. James, L.A. Crumpler, and M.F. Borgerding: Investigation of cigarette “smoke pH” measurements included in nicotine yield tests required by some states; 52nd Tobacco Science Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 52, Paper No. 06, 1998, p. 17.]Search in Google Scholar
[41. Dong, J.Z, J.N. Glass, B.T. Thompson, B.F. Price, J.H. Lauterbach, and S.C. Moldoveanu: A simple technique for determining the pH of whole cigarette smoke; 52nd Tobacco Science Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 52, Paper No. 07, 1998, p. 18; A simple technique for determining the pH of whole cigarette smoke; Beitr. Tabak-forsch. Int. 19 (2000) 33-48.]Search in Google Scholar
[42. Callicutt, C.H, J.M. Garman, CM. Shackelford, and K. Walker: pH determination of aqueous Solutions of mainstream cigarette smoke; 52nd Tobacco Science Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 52, Paper No. 08, 1998, p. 19.]Search in Google Scholar
[43. Walker, R.T, E.L. Butler, V. Norman, R.M. Striegel, M.A. Sudholt, and CS. Williard: A study of analytical methods for measuring smoke pH; 52nd Tobacco Science Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 52, Paper No. 09, 1998, p. 19.]Search in Google Scholar
[44. Frost, B.E, D.C Mariner, and N.M. Sinclair: Fac-tors relating to nicotine physio-chemistry and retention in human smokers; 1998 CORESTA Congress, Brighton, papers presented at the meeting of the CORESTA Smoke and Technology Groups, pp. 211-218.]Search in Google Scholar
[45. Bevan, P.C: A review of the methods used to mea-sure the ‘pH of smoke'; 1998 CORESTA Congress, Brighton, papers presented at the meeting of the CORESTA Smoke and Technology Groups, 1998, pp.90-98.]Search in Google Scholar
[46. Wynder, E.L. and D. Hoffmann: Unpublished 1963 results described in: E.L. Wynder and D. Hoffmann: Tobacco and tobacco smoke: studies in ex-perimental carcinogenesis; Academic Press, New York, N.Y, 1967, p. 406.]Search in Google Scholar
[47. Wynder, E.L. and D. Hoffmann: Tobacco and tobacco smoke: studies in experimental carcinogenesis; Academic Press, New York, N.Y, 1967, p. 407.]Search in Google Scholar
[48. Leffingwell, J.C and D. Leffingwell: TCRC sympo-sium summary: Chemical and sensory aspects of tobacco flavor - an overview; Rec. Adv. Tob. Sci. 14 (1988) 169-218, see 197.]Search in Google Scholar
[49. Larson, P.S. and H. Silvette: Tobacco: experimental and clinical studies. Supplement III; The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD, 1975, pp. 287, 290, 610, 625, 649.]Search in Google Scholar
[50. Passey, R.D. and D. Warbrick-Smith: Types of tobacco and lung cancer; Brit. Emp. Cancer Camp, Ann. Rpt. 45 (Part II) (1967) 26.]Search in Google Scholar
[51. Passey, R.D, L.A. Elson, R. Jones, and T. Betts: Plant sugars in cigarette tobacco; Brit. Emp. Cancer Camp. Ann. Rpt. 46 (1968) 10-11.]Search in Google Scholar
[52. Passey, R.D, and L.A. Elson: Different smoking risks of flue-cured and air-cured tobaccos; J. Pathol. 101 (1970) xviii.]Search in Google Scholar
[53. Elson, L.A. and T.E. Betts: Sugar content of the tobacco and pH of the smoke in relation to lung cancer risks of cigarette smoking; J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 48 (1972) 1885-1890; see also Larson, P.S. and H. Sih/ette: Tobacco: experimental and clinical studies. Supplement III; The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD, 1975, p. 610.]Search in Google Scholar
[54. Elson, L.A, T.E. Betts, and R.D. Passey: The sugar content and the pH of the smoke of cigarette, pipę, and cigar tobaccos in relation to lung cancer; Int. J. Cancer 9 (1972) 666-675.]Search in Google Scholar
[55. Betts, T.E.: Sugar in tobacco: its effect on smoke pH; Lab. Practica 30 (1981) 341-434.]Search in Google Scholar
[56. Wynder, E.L. and D. Hoffmann: Ein experimen-teller Beitrag zur Tabakrauchkanzerogenese; Deut. Med. Wchnschr. 88 (1963) 623-628.]Search in Google Scholar
[57. Mizusaki, S, H. Okamoto, A. Akiyama, and Y. Fukuhara: Relation between chemical constituents of tobacco and mutagenic action of cigarette smoke condensate; Mutat. Res. 48 (1977) 319-325.]Search in Google Scholar
[58. Sato, S, T. Ohka, M. Nagao, K. Tsuji, and T. Kosuge: Reduction in mutagenicity of cigarette smoke condensate by added sugars; Mutat. Res. 60 (1979)155-161.]Search in Google Scholar
[59. Malhotra, S.L.: Clues to the possible modę of action of cigarette smoke in the pathogenesis of lung cancer; J. Indian Med. Assoc. 55 (1970) 265-270.]Search in Google Scholar
[60. Hoffmann, D, G. Rathkamp, K.D. Brunnemann, and E.L. Wynder: Chemical studies on tobacco smoke. XXII. On the profile analysis of tobacco smoke; Sci. Total Environ. 2 (1973) 157-171.]Search in Google Scholar
[61. Brunnemann, K.D, D. Hoffmann, and E.L. Wynder: Studies on the “inhalability” of cigarette and cigar smoke; 27th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 27, Paper No. 27, 1973, p. 21.]Search in Google Scholar
[62. Rathkamp, G, T.C Tso, and D. Hoffmann: On the correlation between various leaf constituents and selected smoke components; 25th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 25, Paper No. 06, 1971, p. 5; Chemical studies on tobacco smoke. XX. Smoke analyses of cigarettes madę from bright tobacco dif-fering in variety and stalk position; Beitr. Tabakforsch 7 (1973) 179-189; Tso, T.C, G. Rathkamp, and D. Hoffmann: Chemical studies on tobacco smoke. XXI. Correlation and multiple re-gression among selected cigarette-smoke constituents and leaf characteristics of bright tobacco; Beitr. Tabakforsch 7 (1973) 190-194.]Search in Google Scholar
[63. Vickroy, D.G.: The characterization of cigarette smoke from Cytrel® smoking products and its comparison to smoke from flue-cured tobacco. I. Vapor phase analysis; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 (1976) 415-421; Mauldin, R.K: II. Semi-volatile vapor phase analysis; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 (1976) 422-429; Allen, R.E, and D.G. Vickroy: III. Partic-ulate phase analysis; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 (1976) 430-437.]Search in Google Scholar
[64. Sloan, C.H. and G.P. Morie: Method for the deter-mination of unprotonated ammonia in cigarette smoke; 29th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Confer-ence, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 29, Paper No. 16, 1975, p. 16; Determination of unprotonated ammonia in whole cigarette smoke; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 (1976) 362-365.]Search in Google Scholar
[65. Wynder, E.L. and D. Hoffmann: Tobacco and tobacco smoke: studies in experimental carcinogene-sis; Academic Press, New York, N.Y, 1967, p. 376.]Search in Google Scholar
[66. Philippe, R.J. and E.J. Hackney: The presence of nitrous oxide and methyl nitrite in cigarette smoke; 12th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 12, Paper No. 18, 1958, p. 2; The presence of nitrous oxide and methyl nitrite in cigarette smoke and tobacco pyrol-ysis gases; Tob. Sci. 3 (1959) 139-143.]Search in Google Scholar
[67. Vilcins, G. and J.O. Lephardt: Aging process of cigarette smoke: formation of methyl nitrite; 28th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 28, Paper No. 52, 1974, p. 33; Chem. Ind. (London) (1974) 974-975.]Search in Google Scholar
[68. Armitage, A.K. and D.M. Turner: Absorption of nicotine in cigarette and cigar smoke through orał mucosa; Naturę 226 (1970) 1231-1233.]Search in Google Scholar
[69. Armitage, A.K, C.T. Dollery, C.F. George, T.H. Houseman, P.J. Lewis, and D.M. Turner: Absorption and metabolism of nicotine from cigarettes; Brit. Med.J.w (1975) 313-316.]Search in Google Scholar
[70. Armitage, A.K, C.T. Dollery, T.H. Houseman, E.M. Kohner, P.J. Lewis, and D.M. Turner: Absorption of nicotine from smali cigars; Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 23 (1978) 143-150.]Search in Google Scholar
[71. Morie, G.P.: Fraction of protonated and unprotonated nicotine in tobacco smoke at various pH val-ues; Tob. Sci. 16 (1972) 167.]Search in Google Scholar
[72. Hoffmann, D. and E.L. Wynder: [Chemical studies in tobacco smoke. XVIII]. Smoke of cigarettes and little cigars: an analytical comparison; Science 178 (1972)1197-1199.]Search in Google Scholar
[73. Brunnemann, K.D. and D. Hoffmann: Chemical studies on tobacco smoke. XXXIV. Gas chromato-graphic determination of ammonia in cigarette and cigar smoke; J. Chromat. Sci. 13 (1975) 159-163.]Search in Google Scholar
[74. Russell, M.A.H. and C. Feyerabend: Cigarette smoking: a dependence on high nicotine boli; Drug Metab. Rev. 8(1978)29-51.]Search in Google Scholar
[75. Gori, G.B, N.L. Benowitz, and C.J. Lynch: Mouth versus deep airways absorption of nicotine in cigarette smokers; Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 25 (1986)1181-1184.]Search in Google Scholar
[76. Wynder, E.L. and D. Hoffmann: Reduction of tumorigenicity of cigarette smoke. An experimental approach; J. Am. Med. Assoc. 192 (1965) 88-94.]Search in Google Scholar
[77. Huber, G.L.: Physical, chemical, and biological properties of tobacco, cigarette smoke, and other tobacco products; in: Tobacco and smoking cessation. I, edited by G.L. Huber, Sem. Resp. Med. 10 (1989)297-332.]Search in Google Scholar
[78. Kozłowski, L.T. and R.M. Kleiman: Effects of orał pH on cigarette smoking; Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 9 (1978) 477-480.10.1016/0091-3057(78)90045-X]Search in Google Scholar
[79. Thome, F.A, G.W. Young, and CR. Green: Identification of organie compounds found in human sa-liva after smoking: Part I. Volatile phase of smoke; R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co, Research Department Report No. 12, September 14, 1976, pp. 1-18, see www.rjrtdocs.com/rjrtdocs/frames.html.]Search in Google Scholar
[80. Baker, R.R.: Smoke chemistry; in: Tobacco: pro-duction, chemistry and technology, edited by D.L. Davis and M.T. Nielsen, Blackwell Science, Oxford, U.K., 1999, pp. 398-439, seepp. 414-415.]Search in Google Scholar
[81. Brunnemann, K.D. and D. Hoffmann: [Chemical studies on tobacco smoke. XXV.] On the pH of tobacco smoke; 26th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 26, Paper No. 11, 1972, pp. 16-17; Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 12(1974) 115-124.]Search in Google Scholar
[82. IARC: Chemistry and analysis of tobacco smoke; in: Evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans: tobacco smoking; IARC, Lyon, France, IARC Monograph 38 (1986) 83-126.]Search in Google Scholar
[83. Bevan, P.C.: Unpublished results (1995) cited by Baker, R.R.: Smoke chemistry; in: Tobacco: production, chemistry and technology, edited by D.L. Davis and M.T. Nielsen, Blackwell Science, Oxford, U.K., 1999, pp. 398-439, seep. 415.]Search in Google Scholar
[84. United States Food and Drug Administration: Nicotine in cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products is a drug and these products are nicotine delivery devices under the federal food, drug, and cosmetic act; US FDA DHHS, August, 1995, pp. 1-326, see Sections II. D and E; also see statement by D.A. Kessler: The control and manipulation of nicotine in cigarettes; Appendix A, 1994, pp. 231-256; United States Food and Drug Administration: Analysis regarding the Food and Drug Administration's jurisdiction over nicotine-containing cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products; U.S. Fed. Reg. 60, No. 155, 1995, 41453-41787, see 41693-41733.]Search in Google Scholar
[85. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company: Procedurę for expansion of tobacco; Kingdom of Belgium Patent 760,114, May 17,1971. Fredrickson, J.D, J.P. Dicker-son, E.S. Hickman, and E.D. Harper Jr: Use of am-monium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate in puffing tobacco and other materials of biological ori-gin; R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. Conception of In-vention Memorandum No. 48, April 1, 1969, pp. 1-2, for complete text, see www.rjrtdocs.com/rjrtdocs/frames.html.]Search in Google Scholar
[86. Philip Morris Incorporated: Process for tobacco swel-ling; Kingdom of Belgium Patent 760,221, August 31, 1971.]Search in Google Scholar
[87. Wakeham, H: Preparation of NCI test cigarette No. 49; im Report No. 2. Toward less hazardous ciga-rettes. The second set of experimental cigarettes, ed-ited by G.B. Gori, DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 76-1111, 1976, pp. 67-68.]Search in Google Scholar
[88. Schmeltz, I, K.D. Brunnemann, D. Hoffmann, and A. Cornell: [Chemical studies on tobacco smoke. XLV.] On the chemistry of cigar smoke: compari-sons between experimental little and large cigars; 29th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 29, Paper No. 41, 1975, p. 29; Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 (1976) 367-377.]Search in Google Scholar
[89. Johnson, W.R., R.W. Hale, S.C. Clough, J.W. Nedlock, and P.H. Chen: The chemistry of the con-version of nitrate nitrogen to smoke products; 26th Tobacco Chemists’ Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 26, Paper No. 04, 1972, pp. 6-7; Johnson, W.R., R.W. Hale, S.C. Clough, and P.H. Chen: Chemistry of the conversion of nitrate nitrogen to smoke products; Naturę 243 (1973) 223-225.]Search in Google Scholar
[90. Ellis, CL, R.H. Cox, C.H. Callicutt, S.W. Laffoon, K.F. Podraża, and J.I. Seeman: The effect of ingredi-ents, including ammonia compounds, on FTC nico-tine yield and “smoke pH” of a commercial Marlboro Lights cigarette; 53rd Tobacco Science Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 53, Paper No. 45,1999, p. 44; Ellis, CL, R.H. Cox, C.H. Callicutt, S.W. Laffoon, K.F. Podraża, J.I. Seeman, R.D. Kinser, D.E. Farthing, and F.S. Hsu: The effect of ingredients added to tobacco in a commercial Marlboro Lights cigarette on FTC nicotine yield, “smoke pH”, and Cambridge filter trapping effi-ciency; 1998 CORESTA Congress, Brighton, papers presented at the meeting of CORESTA Smoke and Technology Groups, 1998, Paper No. ST2.]Search in Google Scholar
[91. Mays, CD, T.H. Edwards, and R.F. Moates: Expansion of tobacco with ammonia-carbon dioxide; R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. Research Department Report No. 2, February 28,1973, pp. 1-10, for complete text, see www.rjrtdocs.com/rjrtdocs/frames. html.]Search in Google Scholar
[92. Green, CR., J.M. Martin, and A. Rodgman: Effect of treatment of tobacco with ammonia or various am-monium salts on the levels of pyridines and pyrazines in smoke; R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. Research Department Report No. 3, January 29, 1976, pp. 1-63, 5eewww.rjrtdocs.com/rjrtdocs/frames.html.]Search in Google Scholar
[93. Maga, J.A. and CE. Sizer: Pyrazines in food; Crit. Rev. Food Technol. 4 (1973) 39-115.10.1080/10408397309527153]Search in Google Scholar
[94. Gori, G.B. (Editor): Report No. 2. Toward less hazardous cigarettes. The second set of experimental cigarettes; DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 76-1111, 1976.]Search in Google Scholar
[95. Gori, G.B. (Editor): Report No. 1. Toward less hazardous cigarettes. The first set of experimental cigarettes; DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 76-905,1976; Report No. 2. Toward less hazardous cigarettes. The second set of experimental cigarettes; DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 76-1111, 1976; Report No. 3. Toward less hazardous cigarettes. The third set of experimental cigarettes; DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 77-1280, 1977; Report No. 4. Toward less hazardous cigarettes. The fourth set of experimental cigarettes; DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) March 1980; National Cancer Institute: Report No. 5. Toward less hazardous cigarettes. Sum-mary: Four skin painting bioassays using condensate from experimental cigarettes; DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) September 1980.]Search in Google Scholar
[96. Rodgman, A.: FTC “tar” and nicotine in cigarette mainstream smoke: a retrospective; Rec. Adv. Tob. Sci. 23 (1997) 5-74, seepp. 22-24 and Tables 1 and 2.]Search in Google Scholar
