Accesso libero

Implementation of Biotechnical Measures for the Control and Prevention of Aflatoxin Contamination in Maize Production

, ,  e   
17 mag 2025
INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO

Cita
Scarica la copertina

Abbas, H.K. 2005. Aflatoxin and food safety. First edition. Boca Raton, CRC Press. Search in Google Scholar

Abbas, H.K., Mascagni Jr, H.J., Bruns, H.A. & Shier, W.T. 2012. Effect of planting density, irrigation regimes, and maize hybrids with varying ear size on yield, and aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination levels. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(10): 1341-1354. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2012.310162 Search in Google Scholar

Abbas, H.K., Zablotowicz, R.M., Bruns, H.A., Abel, C.A. 2006. Biocontrol of aflatoxin in corn by inoculation with nonaflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus isolates. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 16(5): 437-449. Search in Google Scholar

Abbas, H., Zablotowicz, R., Horn, B., Phillips, N., Johnson, B., Jin, X. & Abel, C.A. 2011. Comparison of major biocontrol strains of nonaflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus for the reduction of aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid in maize. Food Additives & Contaminants, 28(2): 198–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2010.544680 Search in Google Scholar

Afzal, A., Syed, S., Ahmad, R., Zeeshan, M. & Nabi, G. 2023. The menace of aflatoxin: understanding the effects of contamination by Aspergillus species on crops and human health and advancements in managing these toxic metabolites. In: M. Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M. Rai & M. Shams-Ghahfarokhi, eds. Aspergillus and Aspergillosis - advances in genomics, drug development, diagnosis and treatment. pp. 1-21. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110782 Search in Google Scholar

Agag, B.I. 2004. Mycotoxins in foods and feeds: 1-aflatoxins. Assiut University Bulletin for Environmental Researches, 7(1): 173-205. Search in Google Scholar

Agbetiameh, D., Ortega-Beltran, A., Awuah, R.T., Atehnkeng, J., Elzein, A., Cotty, P.J. & Bandyopadhyay, R. 2020. Field efficacy of two atoxigenic biocontrol products for mitigation of aflatoxin contamination in maize and groundnut in Ghana. Biological Control, 150: 104351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104351 Search in Google Scholar

Agbetiameh, D., Ortega-Beltran, A., Awuah, R.T., Atehnkeng, J., Islam, M.S., Callicott, K.A., Cotty, P.J. & Bandyopadhyay, R. 2019. Potential of atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus vegetative compatibility groups associated with maize and groundnut in Ghana as biocontrol agents for aflatoxin management. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10: 2069. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02069 Search in Google Scholar

Amirahmadi, M., Shoeibi, S., Rastegar, H., Elmi, M. & Mousavi Khaneghah, A. 2017. Simultaneous analysis of mycotoxins in corn flour using LC/MS-MS combined with a modified QuEChERS procedure. Toxin Reviews, 37(3): 187-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2017.1354306 Search in Google Scholar

Atehnkeng, J., Donner, M., Ojiambo, P.S., Ikotun, B., Augusto, J., Cotty, P.J. & Bandyopadhyay, R. 2016. Environmental distribution and genetic diversity of vegetative compatibility groups determine biocontrol strategies to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of maize by Aspergillus flavus. Microbial Biotechnology, 9(1): 75-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12324 Search in Google Scholar

Atehnkeng, J., Oijambo, P.S., Cotty, P.J. & Bandyopadhyay, R. 2014. Field efficacy of a mixture of atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link: Fr vegetative compatibility groups in preventing aflatoxin contamination in maize (Zea mays L.). Biological Control, 72: 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.02.009 Search in Google Scholar

Atehnkeng, J., Ojiambo, P.S., Ikotun, T., Sikora, R.A., Cotty, P.J., Bandyopadhyay, R. 2008. Evaluation of atoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus as potential biocontrol agents for aflatoxin in maize. Food additives and Contaminants, 25(10): 1264-1271. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030802112635 Search in Google Scholar

Ayalew, A., Kimanya, M., Matumba, L., Bandyopadhyay, R., Menkir, A. & Cotty, P.J. 2017. Controlling aflatoxins in maize in Africa: strategies, challenges and opportunities for improvement. In: D. Watson, eds. Achieving sustainable cultivation of maize. Cultivation techniques, pest and disease control. Vol. 2, pp. 1-24. Cambridge, Burleigh Doods Science Publishing. Search in Google Scholar

Bandyopadhyay, R. & Cotty, P.J. 2013. Biological controls for aflatoxin reduction. In: D. Grace & L. Unnevehr, eds. Aflatoxins: finding solutions for improved food safety. pp. 44-45. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA. Search in Google Scholar

Bandyopadhyay, R., Ortega-Beltran, A., Akande, A., Mutegi, C., Atehnkeng, J., Kaptoge, L., Senghor, L.A., Adhikari, N.B. & Search in Google Scholar

Cotty, P.J. 2016. Biological control of aflatoxins in Africa: Current status and potential challenges in the face of climate change. World Mycotoxin Journal, 9(5): 771–789. https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2016.2130 Search in Google Scholar

Barrett, J.R. 2005. Liver cancer and aflatoxin: new information from the Kenyan outbreak. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(12): A837-A838. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.113-a837 Search in Google Scholar

Bernaldez, V., Cordoba, J.J., Magan, N., Peromingo, B. & Rodriguez, A. 2017. The influence of ecophysiological factors on growth, aflR gene expression and aflatoxin B1 production by a type strain of Aspergillus flavus. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 83: 283-291. Search in Google Scholar

Brown, R.L., Bhatnagar, D., Cleveland, T.E., Chen, Z.Y. & Menkir, A. 2013. Development of host maize resistance to aflatoxigenic fungi. In: M. Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M., eds. Aflatoxins: recent advances and future perspectives. pp. 3-22. Rijeka, Croatia, InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/54654 Search in Google Scholar

Bruns, H.A. 2003. Controlling aflatoxin and fumonisin in maize by crop management. Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews, 22(2-3): 153-173. https://doi.org/10.1081/TXR-120024090 Search in Google Scholar

Camiletti, B.X., Moral, J., Asensio, C.M., Torrico, A.K., Lucini, E.I., Giménez-Pecci, M.D.L.P. & Michailides, T.J. 2018. Characterization of Argentinian endemic Aspergillus flavus isolates and their potential use as biocontrol agents for mycotoxins in maize. Phytopathology, 108(7): 818-828. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-17-0255-R Search in Google Scholar

Champeil, A., Fourbet, J.F., Dore, T. & Rossignol, L. 2004. Influence of cropping system of Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin levels in winter wheat. Crop Protection, 23(6): 531–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2003.10.011 Search in Google Scholar

Chang, X., Sun, L., Yu, X., Liu, Z., Jia, G., Wang, Y. & Zhu, X. 2021. Windbreak efficiency in controlling wind erosion and particulate matter concentrations from farmlands. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 308: 107269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.107269 Search in Google Scholar

Chauhan, Y.S., Wright, G.C. &Rachaputi, N.C. 2008. Modelling climatic risks of aflatoxin contamination in maize. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 48(3): 358-366. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA06101 Search in Google Scholar

Coulombe Jr, R.A. 1994. Nonhepatic disposition and effects of aflatoxin B1. In: D.L. Eaton & J.D. Groopman, eds. The toxicology of aflatoxins: human health, veterinary, and agricultural significance. pp 89–110. San Diego, Academic Press. Search in Google Scholar

Creppy, E.E. 2002. Update of survey, regulation and toxic effects of mycotoxins in Europe. Toxicology letters, 127(1-3): 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00479-9 Search in Google Scholar

Damianidis, D., Ortiz, B.V., Bowen, K.L., Windham, G.L., Hoogenboom, G., Hagan, A., Knappenberger, T., Abbas, H.K., Scully, B.T. & Mourtzinis, S. 2018a. Minimum temperature, rainfall, and agronomic management impacts on corn grain aflatoxin contamination. Agronomy Journal, 110(5): 1697-1708. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.11.0628 Search in Google Scholar

Damianidis, D., Ortiz, B.V., Windham, G.L., Bowen, K.L., Hoogenboom, G., Scully, B.T., Hagan, A., Knappenberger, T., Woli, P. & Williams, W.P. 2018b. Evaluating a generic drought index as a predictive tool for aflatoxin contamination of corn: From plot to regional level. Crop protection, 113: 64-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2018.07.013 Search in Google Scholar

Diener, U.L., Cole, R.J., Sanders, T.H., Payne, G.A., Lee, L.S. & Klich, M.A. 1987. Epidemiology of aflatoxin formation by Aspergillus flavus. Annual review of phytopathology, 25(1): 249-270. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.25.090187.001341 Search in Google Scholar

Dimitrieska-Stojković, E., Stojanovska-Dimzoska, B., Ilievska, G., Uzunov, R., Stojković, G., Hajrulai-Musliu, Z. & Jankuloski, D. 2016. Assessment of aflatoxin contamination in raw milk and feed in Macedonia during 2013. Food control, 59: 201-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.05.019 Search in Google Scholar

Dowd, P.F. 2003. Insect management to facilitate preharvest mycotoxin management. Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews, 22(2-3): 327-350. https://doi.org/10.1081/TXR-120024097 Search in Google Scholar

Dövényi-Nagy, T., Rácz, C., Molnár, K., Bakó, K., Szláma, Z., Jóźwiak, Á., Farkas, Z., Pócsi, I., Dobos & A.C. (2020): Pre-harvest modelling and mitigation of aflatoxins in maize in a changing climatic environment – A review. Toxins, 12(12): 768. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12120768 Search in Google Scholar

EC (European Commission) 2003. Commission Directive (EC) No. 100/2003 of 31 October 2003, amending Anex I to Directive Search in Google Scholar

(EC) No. 32/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council on undesirable substances in animal feed. Official Journal of the European Union L. 285: 33. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32003L0100 Search in Google Scholar

EC (European Commission) 2023. Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 of 25 April 2023 on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food and repealing Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006. Official Journal of the European Union, 119: 103-157. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32023R0915 Search in Google Scholar

Ehrlich, K.C., Chang, P.K., Yu, J. & Cotty & P.J. 2004. Aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster gene cypA is required for G aflatoxin formation. Applied and environmental microbiology, 70(11): 6518-6524. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.11.6518-6524.2004 Search in Google Scholar

Eskola, M., Kos, G., Elliott, C. T., Hajšlová, J., Mayar, S. & Krska, R. 2020. Worldwide contamination of food-crops with mycotoxins: Validity of the widely cited ‘FAO estimate’of 25%. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 60(16): 2773-2789. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1658570 Search in Google Scholar

FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization). 2018. [Cited 29 December 2023]. https://www.fao.org/home/en Search in Google Scholar

FAOSTAT (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2022. FAOSTAT: Crops and livestock products. [Cited 28 December 2023]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL Search in Google Scholar

Farfan, I.D.B., De La Fuente, G.N., Murray, S.C., Isakeit, T., Huang, P-C., Warburton, M., Williams, P., Windham, G.L. & Kolomiets M. 2015. Genome wide association study for drought, aflatoxin resistance, and important agronomic traits of maize hybrids in the sub-tropics. PLOS ONE, 10(2): e0117737. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117737 Search in Google Scholar

Gachara, G., Suleiman, R., El Kadili, S., Ait Barka, E., Kilima, B. & Lahlali, R. 2022. Drivers of post-harvest aflatoxin contamination: evidence gathered from knowledge disparities and field surveys of maize farmers in the Rift Valley Region of Kenya. Toxins, 14(9): 618. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090618 Search in Google Scholar

Gnonlonfin, G.J.B., Hell, K., Adjovi, Y., Fandohan, P., Koudande, D.O., Mensah, G.A., Sanni, A. & Brimer, L. 2013. A review on aflatoxin contamination and its implications in the developing world: a sub-Saharan African perspective. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 53(4): 349-365. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.535718 Search in Google Scholar

Gong, Y.Y., Cardwell, K., Hounsa, A., Egal, S., Turner, P.C., Hall, A.J. & Wild, C.P. 2002. Dietary aflatoxin exposure and impaired growth in young children from Benin and Togo: cross sectional study. BMJ, 325(7354): 20-21. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7354.20 Search in Google Scholar

Guevara-González, R.G., Chapa-Oliver, A.M., Mejía-Teniente, L., Torres-Pacheco, I., Vazquez-Cruz, M.A., Cervantes-Landaverde, J.J., Preciado-Ortiz, R.E. & MorenoMartinez, E. 2011. Genetic resistance to drought in maize and its relationship in aflatoxins production. In: R.G. Guevara-González, eds. Aflatoxins –biochemistry and molecular biology. pp. 151-160. InTech Open. Search in Google Scholar

Guo, B., Chen, Z.Y., Lee, R.D. & Scully, B.T. 2008. Drought stress and preharvest aflatoxin contamination in agricultural commodity: genetics, genomics and proteomics. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 50(10): 1281-1291. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00739.x Search in Google Scholar

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2002. Monograph on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans - some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene. vol. 82, pp. 171. World Health Organization, Lyon, France, IARC Press. Search in Google Scholar

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) 2012. Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans -Chemical agents and related occupations: A review of human carcinogens. vol. 100F, pp. 225–248. Lyon, France, IARC Scientific Publications. Search in Google Scholar

Jaime-Garcia, R. & Cotty, P.J. 2004. Aspergillus flavus in soils and corncobs in south Texas: implications for management of aflatoxins in corn-cotton rotations. Plant disease, 88(12): 1366-1371. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.12.1366 Search in Google Scholar

Jaime-Garcia, R. & Cotty, P.J. 2010. Crop rotation and soil temperature influence the community structure of Aspergillus flavus in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 42(10): 1842-1847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.06.025 Search in Google Scholar

Jones, R.K., Duncan, H.E., Payne, G.A. & Hamilton, P.B. 1981. Planting date, harvest date, and irrigation effects on infection and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus in field corn. Phytopathology, 66: 675–677. https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto-71-810 Search in Google Scholar

Joutsjoki, V.V. & Korhonen, H.J. 2021. Management strategies for aflatoxin risk mitigation in maize, dairy feeds and milk value chains - case study Kenya. Food Quality and Safety, 5: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyab005 Search in Google Scholar

Kebede, H., Abbas, H.K., Fisher, D.K. & Bellaloui, N. 2012. Relationship between aflatoxin contamination and physiological responses of corn plants under drought and heat stress. Toxins 4(11): 1385-1403. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins4111385 Search in Google Scholar

Khlangwiset, P. & Wu, F. 2010. Costs and efficacy of public health interventions to reduce aflatoxin-induced human disease. Food Additives and Contaminants, 27(7): 998-1014. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440041003677475 Search in Google Scholar

Klich, M.A. 2007. Aspergillus flavus: The major producer of aflatoxin. Molecular Plant Pathology, 8(6): 713–722. https//:doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00436.x Search in Google Scholar

Kort, J. 1988. Benefits of windbreaks to field and forage crops. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 22-23: 165–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(88)90017-5 Search in Google Scholar

Kos, J., Janić Hajnal, E., Šarić, B., Jovanov, P., Mandić, A., Đuragić, O. & Kokić, B. 2018. Aflatoxins in maize harvested in the Republic of Serbia over the period 2012–2016. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 11(4): 246-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2018.1499675 Search in Google Scholar

Krnjaja, V., Mandić, V., Stanković, S., Obradović, A., Vasić, T., Lukić, M. & Bijelić, Z. 2019. Influence of plant density on toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin contamination of maize grains. Crop Protection, 116: 126-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2018.10.021 Search in Google Scholar

Lagogianni, C.S. & Tsitsigiannis, D.I. 2018. Effective chemical management for prevention of aflatoxins in maize. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 57(1): 186-198. https://doi.org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-22492 Search in Google Scholar

Lević, J., Gošić-Dondo, S., Ivanović, D., Stanković, S.Ž., Krnjaja, V., Bočarov-Stančić, A.S. & Stepanić, A. 2013. An outbreak of Aspergillus species in response to environmental conditions in Serbia. Pesticidi i fitomedicina, 28(3): 167-179. https://doi.org/10.2298/PIF1303167L Search in Google Scholar

Logrieco, A., Battilani, P., Leggieri, M.C., Jiang, Y., Haesaert, G., Lanubile, A., Mahuku, G., Mesterhazy, A., Ortega-Beltran, A., Pasti, M., Smeu, I., Torres, A., Xu, J. & Munkvold, G. 2021. Perspectives on global mycotoxin issues and management from the MycoKey maize working group. Plant Disease, 105(3): 525-537. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1322-FE Search in Google Scholar

Mauro, A., Battilani, P. & Cotty, P.J. 2015. Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus endemic to Italy for biocontrol of aflatoxins in maize. BioControl, 60: 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-014-9624-5 Search in Google Scholar

Mauro, A., Garcia-Cela, E., Pietri, A., Cotty, P.J. & Battilani, P. 2018. Biological control products for aflatoxin prevention in Italy: Commercial field evaluation of atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus active ingredients. Toxins, 10(1): 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10010030 Search in Google Scholar

Maxwell, L.A., Callicott, K.A., Bandyopadhyay, R., Mehl, H.L., Orbach, M.J. & Cotty, P.J. 2021. Degradation of aflatoxins B1 by atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus biocontrol agents. Plant Disease, 105(9): 2343-2350. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-21-0066-RE Search in Google Scholar

Munkvold, G. 2014. Crop management practices to minimize the risk of mycotoxins contamination in temperate-zone maize. In: J.F. Leslie & A.F. Logrieco, eds. Mycotoxin reduction in grain chains. pp. 59-77. Wiley-Blackwell. Search in Google Scholar

Murphy, P.A., Hendrich, S., Landgren, C. & Bryant, C.M. 2006. Food mycotoxins: an update. Journal of Food Science, 71(5): 51-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00052.x Search in Google Scholar

Mutiga, S.K., Hoffmann, V., Harvey, J.W., Milgroom, M.G. & Nelson, R.J. 2015. Assessment of aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of maize in western Kenya. Phytopathology, 105(9): 1250-1261. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-10-14-0269-R Search in Google Scholar

Mutiga, S.K., Were, V., Hoffmann, V., Harvey, J.W., Milgroom, M.G. & Nelson, R.J. 2014. Extent and drivers of mycotoxin contamination: Inferences from a survey of Kenyan maize mills. Phytopathology, 104: 1221-1231. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-01-14-0006-R Search in Google Scholar

Nešić, K., Habschied, K. & Mastanjević, K. 2021. Possibilities for the biological control of mycotoxins in food and feed. Toxins, 13(3): 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13030198 Search in Google Scholar

Njeru, N.K., Midega, C.A.O., Muthomi, J.W., Wagacha, J.M. & Khan, Z.R. 2019. Influence of socio-economic and agronomic factors on aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of maize in western Kenya. Food science & nutrition, 7(7): 2291-2301. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1070 Search in Google Scholar

Nleya, N., Adetunji, M. C. & Mwanza, M. 2018. Current status of mycotoxin contamination of food commodities in Zimbabwe. Toxins, 10(5): 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10050089 Search in Google Scholar

Obradović, A., Krnjaja, V., Nikolić, M., Delibašić, G., Filipović, M., Stanković, G. & Stanković, S. 2018. Impacts of climatic conditions on aflatoxin B1 and fumonisins contamination of maize kernels and their co-occurrence. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 34(4): 469-480. https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH1804469O Search in Google Scholar

Oliveira, C.A.F. & Germano, P.M.L. 1997. Aflatoxinas: conceitos sobre mecanis- mos de toxicidade e seu envolvimento na etiologia do câncer hepático celular. Revista de Saúde Pública, 31(4): 417-424. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89101997000400011 Search in Google Scholar

Park, D.L. & Liang, B. (1993): Perspectives on aflatoxin control for human food and animal feed. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 4(10): 334-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-2244(93)90104-I Search in Google Scholar

Payne, G.A., Cassel, D.K. & Adkins, C.R. 1986. Reduction of aflatoxin contamination in corn by irrigation and tillage. Phytopathology, 76(7): 679-684. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-76-679 Search in Google Scholar

Pekar, J.J., Murray, S.C., Isakeit, T., Pruter, L.S., Wahl, N.J., Brewer, M.J. 2022. Control of aflatoxin using atoxigenic strains and irrigation management is complicated by maize hybrid diversity. Crop Science, 62(2): 867-879. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20710 Search in Google Scholar

Pleadin, J., Kos, J., Radić, B., Vulić, A., Kudumija, N., Radović, R., Janić Hajnal, E., Mandić, A. & Anić, M. 2023. Aflatoxins in maize from Serbia and Croatia: implications of climate change. Foods, 12(3): 548. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030548 Search in Google Scholar

Pleadin, J., Vulić, A., Perši, N., Škrivanko, M., Capek, B. & Cvetnić, Ž. 2014. Aflatoxin B1 occurrence in maize sampled from Croatian farms and feed factories during 2013. Food Control, 40: 286-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.12.022 Search in Google Scholar

Prasanna, B.M., Vasal, S.K., Kassahun, B. & Singh, N.N. 2001. Quality protein maize. Current science, 81(10): 1308-1319. Search in Google Scholar

Pravilnik o kvalitetu hrane za životinje [Regulation on the Quality of Animal Feed] (Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije broj 4/2010; ispravke 27/2012, 113/2012 i 27/2014) [Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 4/2010, 27/2012, 113/2012, 27/2014] https://pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs/eli/rep/sgrs/ministarstva/pravilnik/2010/4/10/reg Search in Google Scholar

Pravilnik o maksimalnim koncentracijama određenih kontaminenata u hrani [Regulation on Maximum Levels of Certain Contaminants in Food] (“Sl. glasnik RS”, br. 81/2019, 126/2020, 90/2021, 118/2021 i 127/2022) [Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 81/2019, 126/2020, 90/2021, 118/2021, and 127/2022] https://pravno-informacionisistem.rs/eli/rep/sgrs/ministarstva/pravilnik/2019/81/1/reg Search in Google Scholar

Probst, C., Njapau, H. & Cotty, P.J. 2007. Outbreak of an acute aflatoxicosis in Kenya in 2004: identification of the causal agent. Applied and environmental microbiology, 73(8): 2762-2764. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02370-06 Search in Google Scholar

RASFF (Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed of the European Union) 2012–2015. Statistical Databases. [Cited 2 January 2024] https://food.ec.europa.eu/safety/rasff_en Search in Google Scholar

Rustom, I.Y. 1997. Aflatoxin in food and feed: occurrence, legislation and inactivation by physical methods. Food chemistry, 59(1): 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(96)00096-9 Search in Google Scholar

Savić, Z., Dudaš, T., Loc, M., Grahovac, M., Budakov, D., Jajić, I., Krstović, S., Barošević, T., Krska, R., Sulyok, M., Stojšin, V., Search in Google Scholar

Petreš, M., Stankov, A., Vukotić, J. & Bagi, F. 2020. Biological control of aflatoxin in maize grown in Serbia. Toxins, 12(3): 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12030162 Search in Google Scholar

Scholten, H. 1988. Snow distribution on crop fields. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 22-23: 363-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(88)90032-1 Search in Google Scholar

Singh, S.K., Patel, M.B., Thakker, B.N., Barad, A.J., Gogoi, R. & Hooda, K.S. 2019. An overview of challenges and elimination of aflatoxin contamination in maize (Zea mays). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(4): 2895-2906. Search in Google Scholar

Sinovec, Z., Resanović, R. & Sinovec, S. 2006. Mikotoksini: pojava, efekti i prevencija. [Mycotoxins - occurrence, effects and prevention]. Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Beograd. Search in Google Scholar

Tola, M. & Kebede, B. 2016. Occurrence, importance and control of mycotoxins: A review. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2(1): 1191103. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2016.1191103 Search in Google Scholar

Ucar, T. & Hall, F.R. 2001. Windbreaks as a pesticide drift mitigation strategy: a review. Pest Management Science: formerly Pesticide Science, 57(8): 663-675. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.341 Search in Google Scholar

WHO (World Health Organization) 2000. Safety evaluation of certain mycotoxins in food. Fifty-third Report of the FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives, Geneva. WHO Technical Report Series, 896. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9241208961 Search in Google Scholar

Widstrom, N.W. 1996. The aflatoxin problem with corn grain. Advances in Agronomy, 56: 219-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60183-2 Search in Google Scholar

Widstrom, N.W., Guo, B.Z. & Wilson, D.M. 2003. Integration of crop management and genetics for control of preharvest aflatoxin contamination of corn. Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews, 22(2-3): 195–223. https://doi.org/10.1081/TXR-120024092 Search in Google Scholar

Wilson, D.M., Mubatanhema, W. & Jurjevic, Z. 2002. Biology and ecology of mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species as related to economic and health concerns. In: J.W. DeVries, M.W. Trucksess & L.S. Jackson, eds. Mycotoxins and food safety. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol. 504, pp. 3-17. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0629-4_2 Search in Google Scholar

Wu, Y.Z., Lu, F.P., Jiang, H.L., Tan, C.P. Yao, D.S., Xie, C.F. & Liu, D.L. 2015. The furofuran-ring selectivity, hydrogen peroxide-production and low Km value are the three elements for highly effective detoxification of aflatoxin oxidase. Food and Chemical Toxicology 76: 125-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2014.12.004 Search in Google Scholar

Yabe, K., Nakamura, M. & Hamasaki, T. 1999. Enzymatic formation of G-group aflatoxins and biosynthetic relationship between G-and B-group aflatoxins. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65(9): 3867-3872. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.65.9.3867-3872.1999 Search in Google Scholar

Yu, J., Hennessy, D.A. & Wu, F. 2020. The impact of Bt corn on aflatoxin-related insurance claims in the United States. Scientific Reports, 10(1): 10046. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66955-1 Search in Google Scholar

Yu, J., Payne, G.A., Campbell, B.C., Guo, B., Cleveland, T.E., Robens, J.F., Keller, N.P., Bennett, J.W. & Nierman, W.C. 2007. Mycotoxin production and prevention of aflatoxin contamination in food and feed. In: The Aspergilli. First edition, pp. 477-492. CRC Press. Search in Google Scholar

Zulkifli, N.A. & Zakaria, L. 2017. Morphological and molecular diversity of Aspergillus from corn grain used as livestock feed. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 24(1): 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hjb.2017.05.002 Search in Google Scholar