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Determinants of Sustainable Food Purchasing Behaviour in the Context of the Aging Population in Poland

Aldona Podgórniak-Krzykacz

Aldona Podgórniak-Krzykacz

University of Lodz, Department of Labour and Social PolicyŁódź, Poland
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Podgórniak-Krzykacz, Aldona
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Justyna Przywojska

Justyna Przywojska

University of Lodz, Department of Labour and Social PolicyulŁódź, Poland
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26 feb 2025
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Pubblicato online: 26 feb 2025
Pagine: 66 - 84
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2025-0005
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© 2025 Aldona Podgórniak-Krzykacz et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Research framework for sustainable food purchasing behaviour
Research framework for sustainable food purchasing behaviour

Figure 2.

Factor structure of measurement model for sustainable food purchasing behaviour of people aged 55+
Factor structure of measurement model for sustainable food purchasing behaviour of people aged 55+

Figure 3.

Predictors of sustainable food purchasing behaviour of people aged 55+
Predictors of sustainable food purchasing behaviour of people aged 55+

Figure 4.

Framework for Shaping Sustainable Food Purchasing Behaviours of Silver Consumers at Local Level
Framework for Shaping Sustainable Food Purchasing Behaviours of Silver Consumers at Local Level

Determinants of sustainable food purchasing behaviour of people aged 55+ – linear regression results

B Beta t p VIF ANOVA R2
Dependent variable: SFPB (model 1)
Const 1.411 12.287 <0.001** F(3; 397) = 26.11 p < 0.001** 0.165
PN 0.043 0.222 3.581 <0.001** 1.828
PESI 0.053 0.173 2.810 0.005** 1.804
Gender 0.104 0.139 2.986 0.003** 1.026
Dependent variable: F1 (model 2)
Const 1.014 5.944 <0.001** F(4; 397) = 22.29 p < 0.001** 0.144
SN 0.084 0.232 3.947 <0.001** 1.614
PESI 0.058 0.148 2.522 0.012** 1.603
Gender 0.117 0.108 2.281 0.023** 1.038
Dependent variable: F3 (model 3)
Const 1.407 9.542 <0.001** F(1; 397) = 18.29 p < 0.001** 0.121
SN 0.069 0.198 3.306 0.001** 1.613
PESI 0.113 0.149 2.503 0.013** 1.603
Gender 0.058 0.118 2.494 0.013** 1.019

Sustainable food purchasing behaviour by income (PLN)

Scale 2000 or lower 2001–3000 3001–4000 over 4000 F(df) p Commentsa
M SD M SD M SD M SD
F1 2.10 0.51 2.21 0.44 2.14 0.44 2.29 0.21 F(3; 150) = 2.621 0.053b X
F2 2.38 0.68 2.61 0.72 2.55 0.72 2.06 0.56 F(3; 397) = 3.957 0.008** 2000 or lower < 2001–3000 (p = 0.034)
F3 2.43 0.49 2.43 0.45 2.36 0.48 2.19 0.38 F(3; 397) = 0.890 0.446 X
SFPB 2.35 0.38 2.41 0.34 2.34 0.38 2.19 0.29 F(3; 397) = 1.275 0.282 X

Constructs, items, and references

Construct Items Scale References
Pro-environmental self-identity (PESI)

I think of myself as an environmental resource saver

I think of myself as an environmentally conscious person

 		scale of 1 to 5, where: 1 - definitely not, 2 - not, 3 - partially 4 - yes, 5 - definitely yes (Whitmarsh & O'Neill, 2010)
Personal norms (PN)

Pro-environmental human behaviour is now essential to save our planet

I am concerned that humanity will cause a lasting damage towards the environment

I feel a personal obligation to care for the environment

 		scale of 1 to 5, where: 1 - definitely not, 2 - not, 3 - partially 4 - yes, 5 - definitely yes (Park & Ha, 2012)
Social norms (SN)

People who are important to me urge me to care for the environment

Information about the state of the environment from the media makes me try to care for the environment in my daily life

 		scale of 1 to 5, where: 1 - definitely not, 2 - not, 3 - partially 4 - yes, 5 - definitely yes (Park & Ha, 2012) (Rausch & Kopplin, 2021)
Perceived knowledge of environmentally friendly behaviour (PK) I know how to reduce the negative environmental consequences of my behaviour scale of 1 to 5, where: 1 - definitely not, 2 - not, 3 - partially 4 - yes, 5 - definitely yes (Whitmarsh & O'Neill, 2010) (Rausch & Kopplin, 2021)
Perceived financial availability of organic food (PFA) - In my opinion, organic food is more expensive than other products scale of 1 to 4, where: 1 - definitely not, 2 - rather not, 3 - rather yes, 4 - definitely yes (Rausch & Kopplin, 2021)

Sample structure

Variable N %
Gender Men 171 42.6
Women 230 57.4
Age 55–59 88 21.9
60–64 82 20.4
65–74 144 35.9
75–84 61 15.2
85+ 26 6.5
Education Primary 25 6.2
Basic vocational 82 20.4
Secondary 214 53.4
Higher Bachelor/engineer 27 6.7
Higher master's degree 53 13.2
Income 2000 PLN or lower 246 61.3
2001–3000 PLN 115 28.7
3001–4000 PLN 32 8.0
over 4000 PLN 8 2.0

Pearson's correlation between sustainable food purchasing behaviour and its determinants

PN SN PK PESI PFA
F1 R 0.323 0.340 0.283 0.303 −0.002
p <0.001** <0.001** <0.001** <0.001** 0.964
F2 R 0,093 0,026 0,013 0,081 0.050
p 0,062 0,601 0,794 0,107 0.315
F3 R 0.300 0.305 0.265 0.283 0.056
p <0.001** <0.001** <0.001** <0.001** 0.262
SFPB R 0.360 0.349 0.297 0.336 0.058
p <0.001** <0.001** <0.001** <0.001** 0.247

Descriptive statistics – sustainable food purchasing behaviour and its determinants

Statistics F1 F2 F3 SFPB PN SN PK PESI PFA
Min 1.00 1.00 1.13 1.38 10.00 6.00 3.00 6.00 1.00
Max 3.67 4.00 3.88 3.69 12.00 8.00 4.00 8.00 4.00
M 2.14 2.45 2.42 2.36 11.49 7.43 3.82 7.48 2.95
Me 2.00 2.50 2.38 2.38 12.00 8.00 4.00 8.00 3.00
SD 0.48 0.70 0.47 0.37 1.92 1.35 0.68 1.21 0.75
S −0.31 0.09 0.09 −0.01 −0.04 −0.05 −0.09 −0.03 −0.42
K 0.39 −0.36 −0.35 0.13 −0.30 −0.38 −0.24 −0.02 −0.02

Sustainable food purchasing behaviour by gender

Scale Men Women F(df) P
M SD M SD
F1 2.05 0.43 2.21 0.51 F(1; 393.2) = 12.094a 0.001**
F2 2.41 0.69 2.48 0.70 F(1; 399) = 1.234 0.267
F3 2.33 0.47 2.49 0.47 F(1; 399) = 10.602 0.001**
SFPB 2.28 0.34 2.42 0.38 F(1; 399) = 15.361 <0.001**
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