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The Family 500+ benefit and changes in female employment in Poland

Krzysztof Bartosik
Krzysztof Bartosik
   | 14 feb 2023
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INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO
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Pubblicato online: 14 feb 2023
Pagine: 23 - 34
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2023-0002
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© 2023 Krzysztof Bartosik, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

GDP share of family or child allowances in Poland and the EU (in percentages, 2000–2018)Note: ‘Family or child allowance’ is defined as periodical payments to a member of a household with dependent children to help with the costs of raising children (Eurostat, 2019, pp. 68–69)Source: Eurostat, ESSPROS database
GDP share of family or child allowances in Poland and the EU (in percentages, 2000–2018)Note: ‘Family or child allowance’ is defined as periodical payments to a member of a household with dependent children to help with the costs of raising children (Eurostat, 2019, pp. 68–69)Source: Eurostat, ESSPROS database

Figure 1A

Changes in the women's population (15–64) structure by age (in percentage points, 2015–2019)Source: Authors’ calculations using Eurostat data.
Changes in the women's population (15–64) structure by age (in percentage points, 2015–2019)Source: Authors’ calculations using Eurostat data.

Decomposition of changes in the employment-to-population ratio into labour supply and unemployment rate components (in log points, 2013–2015 and 2015–2019)

2013–2015
Age 15–64 15–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64
Δln(EPR) 0.059 0.087 0.078 0.039 0.026 0.011 0.015 0.048 0.110 0.276
Δln(LFPR) 0.021 −0.036 0.012 0.015 −0.006 −0.015 −0.007 0.029 0.087 0.259
Δln(1-U) 0.038 0.123 0.066 0.024 0.032 0.025 0.022 0.019 0.022 0.016

Male employment-to-population ratio by age (in percents, 2013, 2015 and 2019)

Age 15–64 15–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64
2013 66.6 28.6 80.9 86.6 87.5 85.0 80.3 74.3 64.4 36.1
2015 69.2 30.5 81.4 89.0 89.0 87.7 84.2 76.4 67.1 39.7
2019 75.3 35.4 88.7 92.3 91.7 91.3 87.9 81.1 72.5 50.8
Change in percentage points
2013–2015 2.6 1.8 0.5 2.3 1.5 2.6 3.8 2.1 2.8 3.6
2015–2016 6.1 5.0 7.3 3.4 2.7 3.7 3.8 4.7 5.3 11.0

Women's employment-to-population ratio by age (in percentages, 2013, 2015 and 2019)

Age 15–64 15–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64
2013 53.4 19.5 64.6 70.1 74.2 76.6 75.4 67.4 46.9 13.7
2015 56.6 21.3 69.8 72.9 76.2 77.5 76.5 70.7 52.4 18.1
2019 61.1 27.8 69.9 73.2 75.4 81.5 81.4 76.3 62.0 19.9
Change in percentage points
2013–2015 3.2 1.8 5.2 2.8 2.0 0.8 1.2 3.3 5.4 4.4
2015–2019 4.5 6.5 0.1 0.3 −0.8 4.0 4.9 5.7 9.7 1.8

Changes in the share of inactive women in the population by age and reasons for economic inactivity (in percentage points; 2013–2015, 2015–2019)

2013–2015
Age 15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 15–64
Total 0.9 −0.9 0.8 −0.6 −3.2 −1.0
Discouragement caused by inefficiency of job seeking −0.2 0.1 0.0 −0.7 0.1 −0.1
Education, training 0.7 −0.2 . . . −0,5
Family and household responsibilities 0.5 −1.0 0.5 0.9 1.9 0.6
Retirement . . . −0.1 −5.5 −1.0
Illness, disability −0.1 0.1 0.2 −0.7 0.3 0.0

Results of the shift-share analysis by age group (2013–2015, 2015–2019)

2013–2015
Age 15–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 Sum (15–64)
ΔEPR*s 0.30 0.55 0.31 0.21 0.08 0.10 0.34 0.63 0.47 3.0
Δs*EPR −0.17 −0.39 0.22 0.38 0.52 0.01 −0.40 0.01 0.07 0.2
ΔEPR*Δs −0.02 −0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 −0.02 0.00 0.02 −0.0
Sum 0.12 0.13 0.54 0.61 0.60 0.11 −0.09 0.65 0.56 3.2
Contribution 3.6 3.9 16.6 18.8 18.6 3.4 −2.7 20.1 17.5 100
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