Partial budgeting for acquiring and operating a ground-based optical crop sensor for variable rate nitrogen application
, , , , e | 23 giu 2022
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Pubblicato online: 23 giu 2022
Pagine: 123 - 132
Ricevuto: 31 ago 2021
Accettato: 08 dic 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/boku-2021-0013
Parole chiave
© 2021 Francisco Medel-Jiménez et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Partial budgeting structure for the acquisition of the crop sensor for VRNA Tabelle 2. Teilkostenrechnungsansatz für die Anschaffung des Pflanzensensors für die variable Stickstoffausbringung (VRNA)
| Additional income | Additional costs |
|---|---|
| Yield increased | Equipment costs
Annualized depreciation and interests Insurance Repairs and maintenance Internet expenses Annualized mapping expenses Material costs Fertilizer |
| Reduced costs | Reduced income |
| Fertilizer amount | Yield decreased |
| A. Total additional income and reduced costs | B. Total additional costs and reduced income |
| Δ Net income = A – B | |
Financial data used for calculations Tabelle 5. Für Berechnungen verwendete Finanzdaten
| Calcium ammonium nitrate (€/t) |
191 | |
| Milling wheat (12% protein [€/t]) |
173 | |
| Diesel (€/l) |
1.00 | |
| Exchange rate (€/£) |
1.10 | |
| CPI in the UK |
108.80 | |
| CPI in Austria |
108.00 | |
| Lifespan of sensor (years) | 15 | Assumed |
| Salvage value of sensor (%) | 26 | |
| List price of pneumatic spreader (€) | 23,000 | |
| Salvage value of pneumatic spreader (%) |
40 | |
| Lifespan of precision spreader (years) | 10 | Assumed |
| Salvage value of precision spreader (%) | 35 | |
| Repair and maintenance of sensor (%) | 3 | |
| Lifespan of the laptop (years) | 5 | Assumed |
| Insurance (%) | 2 | |
| Interest rate (%) |
1.76 | |
| Inflation rate (%) |
1.40 | |
| VAT (%) | 20 | |
| VAT on fertilizers (%) | 13 |
Additional studies and their change in yield due to the use of crop sensors for VRNA Tabelle 6. Zusätzliche Studien und deren Ertragsänderung durch den Einsatz von Pflanzensensoren für VRNA
| Fritzmeier | 1.25 | |
| Hydro N | 0.16 | |
| Yara Hydro N | 0.04 |
Description of the scenarios implemented for VRNA during the field experimentTabelle 1. Beschreibung der durchgeführten Szenarien im Feldversuch mit konventioneller und variabler Stickstoffausbringung (VRNA)
| Stimulus | Crops with lower sensor-determined yield than expected |
| Compensatory | Crops with higher sensor-determined yield than expected |
Additional precision farming expenses Tabelle 4. Zusätzliche Ausgaben für die Präzisionslandwirtschaft
| ISARIA crop sensor (€) |
19,393 | |
| AMAZONE ZA-TS 2000 mounted | 17,735 | |
| spreader (€) |
||
| Laptop (€) | 1,099 | |
| Internet subscription (€/month) | 25 | |
| Internet box (€) | 75 | |
| Satellite mapping software fees (€/year) |
257 | |
| Satellite yield zoning maps (€/year) |
60–120 |
Payback period to cover the cost of the crop sensor device using the reduced costs from fertilizing rate application savingsTabelle 7. Amortisationszeit zur Deckung der Kosten für den Pflanzensensor unter Verwendung der reduzierten Kosten durch die Einsparungen bei der Düngerausbringung
| 25 | 331.2 |
| 50 | 165.6 |
| 75 | 110.4 |
| 100 | 82.8 |
| 125 | 66.2 |
| 150 | 55.2 |
| 175 | 47.3 |
| 200 | 41.4 |
| 225 | 36.8 |
| 250 | 33.1 |
Fertilizer application rates and yield changes in comparison to the conventional way of fertilizer applicationTabelle 3. Vergleich der Düngerausbringungsraten und Ertragsänderungen des konventionellen und variablen Stickstoffausbringungsszenarios
| Conventional |
56 | – | 6,829 | – |
| Stimulus | 63 | +7 | 6,760 | −69 |
| Compensatory | 44 | −12 | 6,412 | −417 |