Comparison of a system expansion and allocation approach for the handling of multi-output processes in life cycle assessment – a case study for nano-cellulose and biogas production from elephant manure
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Ayer, N. W., Tyedmers, P. H., Pelletier, N. L., Sonesson, U. and A. Scholz (2007): Co-product allocation in life cycle assessments of seafood production systems: Review of problems and strategies. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 12, 480–487.AyerN. W.TyedmersP. H.PelletierN. L.SonessonU.ScholzA.2007Co-product allocation in life cycle assessments of seafood production systems: Review of problems and strategies1248048710.1065/lca2006.11.284Search in Google Scholar
BMWFW (2018): Verordnung der Bundesministerin für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft über die Festsetzung der Einspeisetarife für die Abnahme elektrischer Energie aus Ökostromanlagen für die Jahre 2018 und 2019 (Ökostrom-Einspeisetarifverordnung 2018 – ÖSET-VO 2018). StF: BGBl. II Nr. 408/2017.BMWFW2018Search in Google Scholar
Cellulose Lab (2019): 2019 Cellulose Lab Nanocellulose Products Price. https://www.celluloselab.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CelluloseLab_Product_Price_List_2019.htm. Accessed on 05.07.2021.Cellulose Lab2019https://www.celluloselab.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CelluloseLab_Product_Price_List_2019.htm. Accessed on 05.07.2021.Search in Google Scholar
Cherubini, E., Franco, D., Zanghelini, G. M. and S. R. Soares (2018): Uncertainty in LCA case study due to allocation approaches and life cycle impact assessment methods. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 23, 2055–2070.CherubiniE.FrancoD.ZangheliniG. M.SoaresS. R.2018Uncertainty in LCA case study due to allocation approaches and life cycle impact assessment methods232055207010.1007/s11367-017-1432-6Search in Google Scholar
Dalgaard, R., Schmidt, J. and A. Flysjö (2014): Generic model for calculating carbon footprint of milk using four different life cycle assessment modelling approaches. Journal of Cleaner Production 73, 146–153.DalgaardR.SchmidtJ.FlysjöA.2014Generic model for calculating carbon footprint of milk using four different life cycle assessment modelling approaches7314615310.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.025Search in Google Scholar
Ekvall, T. and G. Finnveden (2001): Allocation in ISO 14041 – a critical review. Journal of Cleaner Production 9, 197–208.EkvallT.FinnvedenG.2001Allocation in ISO 14041 – a critical review919720810.1016/S0959-6526(00)00052-4Search in Google Scholar
Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. (2016): Faustzahlen. https://biogas.fnr.de/daten-und-fakten/faustzahlen. Accessed on 28.06.2021.Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V.2016https://biogas.fnr.de/daten-und-fakten/faustzahlen. Accessed on 28.06.2021.Search in Google Scholar
Flysjö, A., Cederberg, C., Henriksson, M. and S. Ledgard (2011): How does co-product handling affect the carbon footprint of milk? Case study of milk production in New Zealand and Sweden. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 16, 420–430.FlysjöA.CederbergC.HenrikssonM.LedgardS.2011How does co-product handling affect the carbon footprint of milk? Case study of milk production in New Zealand and Sweden1642043010.1007/s11367-011-0283-9Search in Google Scholar
Frischknecht, R. (2020): Sachbilanz. In: Lehrbuch der Ökobilanzierung. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 43–100.FrischknechtR.2020SachbilanzIn:Springer BerlinHeidelberg4310010.1007/978-3-662-54763-2_3Search in Google Scholar
Goedkoop, M., Heijungs, R., Huijbregts, M., De Schryver, A., Struijs, J. and R. Van Zelm (2013): ReCiPe 2008: A life cycle impact assessment method which comprises harmonised category indicators at the midpoint and the endpoint level. RVIM. https://www.rivm.nl/documenten/a-lcia-method-which-comprises-harmonised-category-indicators-at-midpoint-and-endpoint. Accessed on 21.01.2020.GoedkoopM.HeijungsR.HuijbregtsM.De SchryverA.StruijsJ.Van ZelmR.2013ReCiPe 2008: A life cycle impact assessment method which comprises harmonised category indicators at the midpoint and the endpoint levelhttps://www.rivm.nl/documenten/a-lcia-method-which-comprises-harmonised-category-indicators-at-midpoint-and-endpoint. Accessed on 21.01.2020.Search in Google Scholar
Grahl, B. and W. Klöpffer (2009): Sachbilanz. In: Ökobilanz (LCA) – Ein Leitfaden für Ausbildung und Beruf. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim, Germany, pp. 63–194.GrahlB.KlöpfferW.2009SachbilanzIn:Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA WeinheimGermany6319410.1002/9783527627158Search in Google Scholar
Green Delta GmbH (2020): openLCA (Version 1.10.3). www.openlca.org.Green Delta GmbH2020www.openlca.org.Search in Google Scholar
Huijbregts, M., Steinmann, Z., Elshout, P., Stam, G., Verones, F., Vieira, M., Hollander, A. and R. Van Zelm (2017): ReCiPe2016: A harmonized life cycle impact assessment method at midpoint and endpoint level. Bilthoven, The Netherlands. https://www.pre-sustainability.com/download/Report_ReCiPe_2017.pdf. Accessed on 21.01.2020.HuijbregtsM.SteinmannZ.ElshoutP.StamG.VeronesF.VieiraM.HollanderA.Van ZelmR.2017Bilthoven, The Netherlandshttps://www.pre-sustainability.com/download/Report_ReCiPe_2017.pdf. Accessed on 21.01.2020.Search in Google Scholar
ISO (2006a): Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework, EN ISO 14040:2006. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization.ISO2006aBrusselsEuropean Committee for StandardizationSearch in Google Scholar
ISO (2006b): Life cycle assessment – Requirements and guidelines, EN ISO 14044:2006. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization.ISO2006bBrusselsEuropean Committee for StandardizationSearch in Google Scholar
Jolliet, O., Saade-Sbeih, M., Shaked, S., Jolliet, A. and P. Crettaz (2016): Inventory Analysis of Emissions and Extractions. In: Environmental Life Cycle Assessment. CRC Press Boca Raton, pp. 47–104.JollietO.Saade-SbeihM.ShakedS.JollietA.CrettazP.2016Inventory Analysis of Emissions and ExtractionsIn:CRC Press Boca Raton47104Search in Google Scholar
Krexner, T. (2020): Life cycle assessment of biogas and nano-cellulose production from elephant manure. Master thesis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna.KrexnerT.2020Master thesis,University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaSearch in Google Scholar
Krexner, T., Bauer, A., Zollitsch, W., Weiland, K., Bismarck, A., Mautner, A., Medel-Jiménez, F., Gronauer, A. and I. Kral (2022): Environmental life cycle assessment of nano-cellulose and biogas production from elephant manure. Journal of Environmental Management 34, 115093.KrexnerT.BauerA.ZollitschW.WeilandK.BismarckA.MautnerA.Medel-JiménezF.GronauerA.KralI.2022Environmental life cycle assessment of nano-cellulose and biogas production from elephant manure3411509310.1016/j.jenvman.2022.11509335472838Search in Google Scholar
Nanografi Nano Technology (2021): Cellulose Nanofiber (Cellulose Nanofibril, Nanofibrillated Cellulose, CNFs). https://nanografi.com/popular-products/cellulose-nanofiber-cellulose-nanofibril-nanofibrillated-cellulose-cnfs/. Accessed on 05.07.2021.Nanografi Nano Technology2021https://nanografi.com/popular-products/cellulose-nanofiber-cellulose-nanofibril-nanofibrillated-cellulose-cnfs/. Accessed on 05.07.2021.Search in Google Scholar
Thomassen, M. A., Dalgaard, R., Heijungs, R. and I. De Boer (2008): Attributional and consequential LCA of milk production. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 13, 339–349.ThomassenM. A.DalgaardR.HeijungsR.De BoerI.2008Attributional and consequential LCA of milk production1333934910.1007/s11367-008-0007-ySearch in Google Scholar
Wardenaar, T., van Ruijven, T. W. J., Mendoza, A., Vad, K., Heijungs, R. and J. Guinée (2012): Differences between LCA for analysis and LCA for policy: A case study on the consequences of allocation choices in bio-energy policies. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 17, 1059–1067.WardenaarT.van RuijvenT. W. J.MendozaA.VadK.HeijungsR.GuinéeJ.2012Differences between LCA for analysis and LCA for policy: A case study on the consequences of allocation choices in bio-energy policies171059106710.1007/s11367-012-0431-xSearch in Google Scholar
Weidema, B. P. (2014): Has ISO 14040/44 Failed Its Role as a Standard for Life Cycle Assessment?. Journal of Industrial Ecology 18, 324–326.WeidemaB. P.2014Has ISO 14040/44 Failed Its Role as a Standard for Life Cycle Assessment?1832432610.1111/jiec.12139Search in Google Scholar
Weidema, B. P. and J. H. Schmidt (2010): Avoiding Allocation in Life Cycle Assessment Revisited. Journal of Industrial Ecology 14, 192–195.WeidemaB. PSchmidtJ. H.2010Avoiding Allocation in Life Cycle Assessment Revisited1419219510.1111/j.1530-9290.2010.00236.xSearch in Google Scholar
Weiland, K., Wlcek, B., Krexner, T., Kral, I., Kontturi, E., Mautner, A., Bauer, A. and A. Bismarck (2021): Excellence in excrements: Upcycling of herbivore manure into nanocellulose and biogas. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9, 15506–15513.WeilandK.WlcekB.KrexnerT.KralI.KontturiE.MautnerA.BauerA.BismarckA.2021Excellence in excrements: Upcycling of herbivore manure into nanocellulose and biogas9155061551310.1021/acssuschemeng.1c05175Search in Google Scholar
Wernet, G., Bauer, C., Steubing, B., Reinhard, J., Moreno-Ruiz, E. and B. Weidema (2016): Ecoinvent database version 3.6. https://www.ecoinvent.org/.WernetG.BauerC.SteubingB.ReinhardJ.Moreno-RuizE.WeidemaB.2016https://www.ecoinvent.org/.Search in Google Scholar