Nanofluids in Zigzag Elliptical Tube Heat Exchanger: A Design Perspective

Nanofluids contain nanometer-sized particles in suspension to enhance heat transfer by increasing the thermal conductivity. This paper provides an overview of particle size and volume fraction of nanofluids, and their roles in enhancing the heat transfer. Often, the transfer of heat is enhanced by dispersed particles with small diameter and high concentration despite some debate about the governing effects. The design of elliptical cross-section and zigzag tube also sheds insight into augmenting heat transfer for future research directions and applications.