[Abah, J., Ubwa, S.T., Onyejefu, D.I., Nomor, S.A. 2013, Assessment of some trace metals content of oreochromis niloticus obtained from river Okpokwu, Apa Benue State, Nigeria. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 3: 70–75.]Search in Google Scholar
[Aboyeji, O.S., Eigbokhan, S.F. 2016, Evaluations of groundwater contamination by leachatesaround Olusosun open dumpsite in Lagos metropolis, southwest Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Management, 183: 333-341.10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.09.002]Search in Google Scholar
[Adagbada, A.O., Adesida, S.A., Nwaokorie, F.O., Niemogha, M., Coker, A.O. 2012, Cholera Epidemiology in Nigeria: an overview. Pan African Medical Journal, 12: 59-65.]Search in Google Scholar
[Adegbola, A.A., Adewoye, A.O. 2012, Impact Assessment of Selected Pollution Sources of Groundwater Quality in Wells in Gambari Community, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, 2: 3118-3122.]Search in Google Scholar
[Adeghe, O.M., Emejulu, M.J. 2016, Evaluation of Bisphenol A, Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Characterization of Borehole Water Stored in Plastic Containers. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 20: 1119-1124.10.4314/jasem.v20i4.28]Search in Google Scholar
[Adekunle, A.S., Oyekunle, J.A.O., Ojo, O.S., Maxakato, N.W., Olutona, G.O., Obisesan, O.R. 2017, Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Levels of Groundwater in Ife North Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. Toxicology Report, 4: 39-48.10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.10.002]Search in Google Scholar
[Adeyinka, S.Y., Wasiu, J., Akintayo, C.O. 2014, Review on prevalence of waterborne diseases in Nigeria. Journal of Advancement in Medical and Life Sciences, 1: 1-3.]Search in Google Scholar
[Agwaranze, D.I., Ogodo, A.C., Nwaneri, C., Agyo, P. 2017, Bacteriological Examination of Well Water in Wukari, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences, 5: 42-46.10.12983/ijsres-2017-p0042-0046]Search in Google Scholar
[Airaodion, A.I., Airaodion, E.O., Osemwowa, E.U., Ogbuagu, E.O., Ogbuagu, U. 2019, Quality Assessment of Sachet and Bottled Water in Ogbomoso Metropolis, Nigeria. Asian Food Science Journal, 9: 1-15.10.9734/afsj/2019/v9i230007]Search in Google Scholar
[Akinbile, C.O. 2012, Environmental Impact of Landfill on Groundwater Quality and Agricultural Soils in Nigeria. Soil and Water Research, 7: 18–26.10.17221/4/2011-SWR]Search in Google Scholar
[Akinbile, C.O., Yusoff, M.S. 2011, Environmental Impact of Leachate Pollution on Groundwater Supplies in Akure, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 2: 81-86.10.7763/IJESD.2011.V2.101]Search in Google Scholar
[Akpen, G.D., Kpoghol, I.S., Oparaku, L.A. 2018, Quality Assessment of Sachet and Bottled Water Soldin Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 37: 241-248.10.4314/njt.v37i1.32]Search in Google Scholar
[Akubuenyi, F.C., Uttah, E.C., Enyi-Idoh, K.H. 2013, Microbiological and Physicochemical Assessment Of Major Sources Of Water For Domestic Uses In Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria. Transnational Journal of Science and Technology, 3: 31-44.]Search in Google Scholar
[Alabi, O.A., Esan, E.B., Duru, C., Oyedele, P., Salihu, G.R. 2016, Mutagenicity of automobile workshop soil leachate and tobacco industry wastewater using the Ames Salmonella fluctuation and the SOS chromotests. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 32: 1086-1096.10.1177/0748233714547535]Search in Google Scholar
[Alabi, O.A., Esan, E.B., Olorunfunmi, J.T., Oludare, O.E. 2017, Assessment of Environmental Contamination by Wastewater from a Cocoa Processing Industry Using Genetic and Reproductive Biomarkers. Journal of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, 3: 1-8.10.23937/2572-4061.1510008]Search in Google Scholar
[Alabi, O.A., Osifo-Whiskey, E., Yadi, P., Lawal, M., Bakare, A.A. 2014, Tobacco Industry Wastewater–Induced Genotoxicity in Mice Using the Bone Marrow Micronucleus and Sperm Morphology Assays. Cytologia, 79: 215–225.10.1508/cytologia.79.215]Search in Google Scholar
[Alabi, O.A., Olowu, J., Anaba, R.C., Shokunbi, O.S. 2012, Bacteriology and Genotoxicity Assessment of a University Wastewater. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2: 187-193.]Search in Google Scholar
[Alam, J.B., Islam, M.R., Muyen, Z., Mamun, M., Islam, S. 2007, Water quality parameters along Rivers. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 4: 159-167.10.1007/BF03325974]Search in Google Scholar
[Alhassan, M. 2012, Assessment of the chemical quality of potable water sources in Abuja, Nigeria. Brazilian Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2: 146–172.10.9734/BJAST/2012/1078]Search in Google Scholar
[Alinnor, I.J., Ogukwe, C.E., Nwagbo, N.C. 2014, Characteristic Level of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon in Soil and Groundwater of Oil Impacted Area in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 4: 188-194.]Search in Google Scholar
[Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Al-Maktari, M.T., Jani, R., Ahmed, A., Anuar, T.S., Moktar, N. 2013, Burden of Giardia duodenalis infection and its adverse effects on growth of school children in rural Malaysia. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 7: e2516.10.1371/journal.pntd.0002516]Search in Google Scholar
[Aminu, M., Esona, M.D., Geyer, A., Steele, A.D. 2008, Epidemiology of rotavirus and astrovirus infections in children in Northwestern Nigeria. Annals of African Medicine, 7: 168-174.10.4103/1596-3519.55658]Search in Google Scholar
[Anochie, P.I., Onyeozirila, A.C., Onyeneke, E.C. 2018, A comparative bacteriological study of bottled drinking water In Nigeria. International Journal of Aquaculture and Fishery Science, 4: 045-050.10.17352/2455-8400.000043]Search in Google Scholar
[Aromolaran, O. 2013, Effect of Moringa oleifera seeds on bacterial quality of drinking water in rural communities of Ondo southwestern, Nigeria. Ife Journal of Science, 15: 631-636.]Search in Google Scholar
[Atuanya, E.I., Adeghe, O.M., Iyahen, E. 2018, Effects of Storage on Borehole Water Quality Stored in Plastic Containers for Prolong Periods. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 22: 1925–1930.10.4314/jasem.v22i12.9]Search in Google Scholar
[Atuanya, E.I., Adeghe, O.M., Udochukwu, U. 2016, Bioavailability of Plastic Contaminants and Their Effects on Plastic Bottled and Sachet Drinking Water Supplies. British Microbiology Research Journal, 14: 1-10.10.9734/BMRJ/2016/25265]Search in Google Scholar
[Ayedun, H., Gbadebo, A.M., Idowu, O.A., Arowolo T.A. 2015, Toxic elements in groundwater of Lagos and Ogun States, Southwest, Nigeria and their human health risk assessment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187: 351-367.10.1007/s10661-015-4319-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Ayolabi, C.I., Ojo, D.A. Armah, G.E., Akpan, I., Mafiana, C.F. 2010, Detection and partial characterization of norovirus among children with acute gastroenteritis in Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2: 216-221.]Search in Google Scholar
[Bai, S., Srikantaswamy, S., Krishnanandan, V., Naik, O.P. 2012, Speciation of heavy metals in biosolids of wastewater treatment plants at Mysore, Karnataka, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184: 239-249.10.1007/s10661-011-1964-3]Search in Google Scholar
[Bakare, A.A., Ademeso, M.M., Adetunji, O.A., Alabi, O.A. 2011, Pharmaceutical effluent induced chromosome aberration in rat bone marrow cells. Archives of Applied Science Research, 3: 345-352.]Search in Google Scholar
[Bakare, A.A., Alabi, O.A., Adetunji, A.A., Hafeez, B.J. 2009, Genotoxicity assessment of a pharmaceutical effluent using four bioassays. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 32: 373-381.10.1590/S1415-47572009000200026]Search in Google Scholar
[Bala, J.D., Kuta, F.A., Adabara, N.U., Abioye, O.P., Adelere, I.A., Abdulsalam, R., Adel, A.S., Al-Gheethi, Kaizar, H., Mamman, L.H. 2016, Bacteriological and Physicochemical Assessment Of Packaged Water Sold In Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Biological Research, 7: 43–50.]Search in Google Scholar
[Bello-Osagie, O.I., Omoruyi, I.M. 2012, Effects of brewery effluents on the bacteriological and physiochemical properties of Ikpoba-River, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Technology in Environmental Sanitation, 2: 197-204.]Search in Google Scholar
[Berkman, D.S., Lescano, A.G., Gilman, R.H., Lopez, S.L., Black, M.M. 2002, Effects of stunting, diarrhoeal disease, and parasitic infection during infancy on cognition in late childhood: a follow-up study. Lancet, 359(9306): 564–71.10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07744-9]Search in Google Scholar
[Beshiru, A., Okareh, O.T., Chigor, V.N., Igbinosa E.O. 2018, Assessment of water quality of rivers that serve as water sources for drinking and domestic functions in rural and pre-urban communities in Edo North, Nigeria. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190: 387-398.10.1007/s10661-018-6771-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Chigor, V.N., Umoh, V.J., Okuofu, C.A., Ameh, J.B., Igbinosa E.O., Okoh A.I. 2012, Water quality assessment: surface water sources used for drinking and irrigation in Zaria, Nigeria are a public health hazard. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184: 3389–3400.10.1007/s10661-011-2396-9]Search in Google Scholar
[Christiana, N.D., Amobichukwu, C.A. 2014, Groundwater contamination in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria. SpringerPlus, 3: 448.10.1186/2193-1801-3-448]Search in Google Scholar
[Clemens, J.D., Nair, G.B., Ahmed, T., Qadri, F., Holmgren, J. 2017, Cholera. Lancet, 390: 1539–1549. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30559-710.1016/S0140-6736(17)30559-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Coleman, B.L., Louie, M., Salvadori, M.I., McEwen, S.A., Neumann, N., Sibley, K., Irwin, R.J., Jamieson, F.B., Daignault, D., Majury, A., Braithwaite, S., Crago, B., McGeer, A. J. 2013, Contamination of Canadian private drinking water sources with antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli. Water Research, 47: 3026–3036.10.1016/j.watres.2013.03.008]Search in Google Scholar
[Currie, J., Joshua, G.Z., Katherine, M. 2013, Something in the water: contaminated drinking water and infant health. Canadian Journal of Economics, 46; 791-810.10.1111/caje.12039]Search in Google Scholar
[Dada, E.O., Osidipe, V.A., Iyaomolere, K.E., Itoje, S.O., Akinola, M.O. 2018, Concentrations of Phthalates and Metals in Commercially Packaged Sachet and Plastic Bottled Water Sold in Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control, 5: 134-139.10.29252/jfqhc.5.4.4]Search in Google Scholar
[Dalhat, M.M., Isa, A.N., Nguku, P., Nasir, S., Urban, K., Abdulaziz, M., Dankoli, R.S., Nsubuga, P., Poggensee, G. 2014, Descriptive characterization of the 2010 cholera outbreak in Nigeria. BMC Public Health, 14: 1167 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-116710.1186/1471-2458-14-1167424081825399402]Search in Google Scholar
[Daniel, E.O., Daodu A.A. 2016, Bacteriological Analysis of Sachet Water Vended in Ugbor, Benin City, Nigeria. SAU Sci-Tech Journal, 1: 88-100.]Search in Google Scholar
[Dawes, C. J. 1998, Marine Botany. New York: Wiley.]Search in Google Scholar
[Deji-Agboola, M.A., Museliu, O., Olajubu, F.A., Osinupebi, O.A., Idowu, A.O. 2017, Bacteriological analysis of potable water in areas with reported cholera outbreaks in Ogun, Oyo and Lagos States, Nigeria. Annals of Health Research, 3(2): 10-111.]Search in Google Scholar
[Deshmukh, S.K., Singh, A.K., Datta, P.S., Annapurna, K. 2011, Impact of long-term wastewater application on microbiological properties of vadose zone. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 175(1-4): 601-612.10.1007/s10661-010-1554-9]Search in Google Scholar
[Eboh, J.O. Ogu, G.I., Idara, M.U. 2017, Microbiological Quality Of Borehole And Well Water Sources In Amai Kingdom, Ukwuani Local Government Area Of Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 3(7): 17-28.]Search in Google Scholar
[Edema, M.O., Atayese, A.O., Bankole, M.O. 2011, Pure Water Syndrome: Bacteriological quality of sachet-packed drinking water sold In Nigeria. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 11(1): 4595-4609.10.4314/ajfand.v11i1.65885]Search in Google Scholar
[Efunshile, A.M., Ezeanosike, O., Nwangwu, C.C., Konig, B., Jokelainen, P., Robertson, L.J. 2019, Apparent overuse of antibiotics in the management of watery diarrhoea in children in Abakaliki, Nigeria. BMC Infectious Diseases, 19: 275.10.1186/s12879-019-3899-1]Search in Google Scholar
[Ehiowemwenguan, G., Iloma, A.O., Adetuwo, J.O. 2014, PhysicoChemical and Bacteriological Quality of Borehole Water in Eyaen Community Area of Edo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(2): 60-68.]Search in Google Scholar
[Elimian, K.O., Musah, A., Mezue, S., Oyebanji, O., Yennan, S., Jinadu, A., Williams, N., Ogunleye, A., Fall, I.S., Yao, M., Eteng, W., Abok, P., Popoola, M., Chukwuji, M., Omar, L.H., Ekeng, E., Balde, T., Mamadu, I., Adeyemo, A., Namara, G., Okudo, I., Alemu, W., Peter, C., Ihekweazu, C. 2019, Descriptive epidemiology of cholera outbreak in Nigeria, January–November, 2018: implications for the global roadmap strategy. BMC Public Health, 19: 1264. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7559-610.1186/s12889-019-7559-6674311131519163]Search in Google Scholar
[Emenike, C.P., Tenebe, I.T., Jarvis, P. 2018, Fluoride contamination in groundwater sources in Southwestern Nigeria: Assessment using multivariate statistical approach and human health risk. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 156: 391–402.10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.022]Search in Google Scholar
[Eze, V.C., Emordi, R., Nwaju, P.C. 2013, Microbiological Dynamics of Potable Water under Storage Durations. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 3(7); 170–174.]Search in Google Scholar
[Fardami, A.Y., Mamuda, B., Kangiwa, I.A. 2019, Bacteriological Analysis of Drinking Water in Zamfara North Senatorial District. Nigeria. Microbiology Research Journal International, 27(5): 1-10.10.9734/mrji/2019/v27i530110]Search in Google Scholar
[Federal Ministry of Water Resources. 2016, Draft National Water Policy. http://wsssrp.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Water-Resources-Bill.pdf]Search in Google Scholar
[Federal Republic of Nigeria. 2004, National Water Policy. Pp. 28. http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/nig158231.pdf]Search in Google Scholar
[Ferner, D.J. 2001, Toxicity, heavy metals. eMed Journal, 2(5): 1-9.]Search in Google Scholar
[Foka, F.E.T., Yah, C.S., Bissong, M.E.A. 2018, Physico-Chemical Properties and Microbiological Quality of Borehole Water in Four Crowded Areas of Benin City, Nigeria, During Rainfalls. Shiraz E-Medical Journal, 19(11): e6891110.5812/semj.68911]Search in Google Scholar
[Frynas, J.G. 2000, Oil in Nigeria: Conflict and Litigation Between Oil Companies and Village Communities, Germany: Lit Verlag.]Search in Google Scholar
[Furhan, I., Ali, M., Abdus Salam, A., Khan, B.A., Ahmad, S., Qamar, M., Kashif, U. 2004, Seasonal variations of physico-chemical characteristics of river soan water at Dhoak pathan bridge (Chakwal), Pakistan. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6: 89-92.]Search in Google Scholar
[Han, D., Tong, X., Currell, M.J., Cao, G., Jin, M., Tong, C. 2014, Evaluation of the impact of an uncontrolled landfill on surrounding groundwater quality, Zhoukou, China. Journal of Geochemistry and Exploration, 136: 24-39.10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.09.008]Search in Google Scholar
[Hanevik, K., Wensaas, K.A., Rortveit, G., Eide, G.E., Mørch, K., Langeland, N. 2014, Irritable bowel syndrome and chronic fatigue 6 years after Giardia infection: a controlled prospective cohort study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 59(10): 1394–400.10.1093/cid/ciu629]Search in Google Scholar
[Huston, C.D., Haque, R., Petri W.A. 1999, Molecular-based diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica infection. Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine, 1(9): 1-11.10.1017/S1462399499000599]Search in Google Scholar
[Hutin, Y., Luby, S., Paquet, Q. 2003, A large cholera outbreak in Kano City, Nigeria: the importance of hand washing with soap and the danger of street-vended water. Journal of Water and Health, 1(1): 45–52. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2003.000610.2166/wh.2003.0006]Search in Google Scholar
[Idowu, A.O., Oluremi, B.B., Odubawo, K.M. 2011, Bacteriological Analysis Of Well Water Samples In Sagamu. African Journal Of Clinical And Experimental Microbiology, 12(2): 86-91.10.4314/ajcem.v12i2.64324]Search in Google Scholar
[Ifelebuegu, A.O., Ukpebor, J.E., Ahukannah, A.U., Nnadi, E.O., Theophilus, S.C. 2017, Environmental effects of crude oil spill on the physicochemical and hydrobiological characteristics of the Nun River, Niger Delta. Environmental. Monitoring and Assessment, 189: 173-184.10.1007/s10661-017-5882-x]Search in Google Scholar
[Igbeneghu, O.A., Lamikanra, A. 2014, The bacteriological quality of different brands of bottled water available to consumers in Ile-Ife, south-western Nigeria. BMC Research Notes, 7: 859.10.1186/1756-0500-7-859]Search in Google Scholar
[Igbinosa, E.O., Okoh, A.I. 2009, Impact of discharge wastewater effluents on the physico-chemical qualities of a receiving watershed in a typical rural community. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 6: 175–182.10.1007/BF03327619]Search in Google Scholar
[Igbinosa, I.H., Aighewi, I.T. 2017, Quality assessment and public health status of harvested rainwater in a peri-urban community in Edo State of Nigeria. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189(8): 405-413.10.1007/s10661-017-6122-0]Search in Google Scholar
[Ignatius, C.M., Francis, E.E., Emeka, E.N., Elvis, N.S., Ebele, J.I. 2010, BPA and Environmental Estrogen in Potable Water Sources in Enugu Municipality, South-East. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination Toxicology, 85(5): 534-7.10.1007/s00128-010-0111-0]Search in Google Scholar
[International Food Policy Research Institute 2015, The murky future of global water quality: New global study projects rapid deterioration in water quality 12.]Search in Google Scholar
[Isikwue, M.O., Chikezie, A. 2014, Quality Assessment Of Various Sachet Water Brands Marketed In Bauchi Metropolis Of Nigeria. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology, 6(6): 2489-2495.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ite, A.E., Ibok, U.J., Ite, M.U., Petters, S.W. 2013, Petroleum Exploration and Production:Past and Present Environmental Issues in the Nigeria’s Niger Delta. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 1(4): 78-90.10.12691/env-1-4-2]Search in Google Scholar
[Iyekhoetin, O.M., Nnanna, I.I., Blazing, O.I., Idowu, B.O. 2011, Antibiograms and mutagenicity evaluation of hospital wastewaters from University of Benin Teaching Hospital, (UBTH), Benin City. European Journal of Scientific Research, 52(2): 226-235.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kanu, I., Achi, O.K. 2011, Industrial Effluents and Their Impact on Water Quality of Receiving Rivers in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Technology in Environmental Sanitation, 1(1): 75-86.]Search in Google Scholar
[Karshima, S.N. 2016, Public health implications of poor municipal waste management in Nigeria. Vom Journal of Veterinary Science, 11: 142–148.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kato, T., Kuroda, H., Nakasone, H. 2009, Runoff characteristics of nutrients fromanagricultural watershed with intensive livestock production. Journal of Hydrology, 368(14): 79-87.10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.01.028]Search in Google Scholar
[Kayode, O.T., Okagbue, H.I., Achuka, J.A. 2018, Water quality assessment forgroundwater around a municipal waste dumpsite. Data in Brief, 17: 579–587.10.1016/j.dib.2018.01.072]Search in Google Scholar
[Keskes, S., Hmaied, F., Gannoun, H., Bouallagui, H., Godon, J.J., Hamdi, M. 2012, Performance of a submerged membrane bioreactor for the aerobic treatment of abattoir wastewater. Bioresource Technology, 103(1): 28-34.10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.063]Search in Google Scholar
[Kitaura, H., Nakao, N., Yos Hida, N., Yamada, T. 2003, Induced sensitization to nickel in guinea pigs immunized with mycobacteria by injection of purified protein derivative with nickel. New Microbiology, 26(1): 101-108.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kolawole, S.O., Niemogha, M.T., Nwaokorie, F., Bamidele, T., Ochoga, M., Akinsinde, K., Brai, B., Oladele, D., Omonigbehin, E., Bamidele, M., Fesobi, T., Musa, A., Adeneye, A., Smith, S., Innocent, U. 2013a, Molecular Characterization of the Circulating Strains of Vibrio cholerae during 2010 Cholera Outbreak in Nigeria. Journal of health, population, and nutrition. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 31(2): 178–184.10.3329/jhpn.v31i2.16381]Search in Google Scholar
[Kolawole, O.T., Adeighe, K., Adebayo, A.A. Abubakar, M.B. 2013b, Women participation in the political process in Nigeria. Centrepoint Journal (Humanities Edition), 2(15): 17-31.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kora, A.J., Rastogi, L., Kumar, S.J., Jagatap, B.N. 2017, Physico-chemical and bacteriological screening of Hussain Sagar Lake: An urban wetland. Water Science, 31: 24–33.10.1016/j.wsj.2017.03.003]Search in Google Scholar
[Kponee, K.Z., Chiger, A., Kakulu, I.I., Vorhees, D., Heiger-Bernays, W. 2015, Petroleum contaminated water and health symptoms: a cross-sectional pilot study in a rural Nigerian community. Environmental Health, 14: 86-92.10.1186/s12940-015-0073-0463682426546277]Search in Google Scholar
[Krishnan, S., Indu, R. 2006, Groundwater contamination in India: Discussing physical processes, health and sociobehavioral dimensions. IWMI-Tata, Water Policy Research Programmes, Anand, India.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kumpel, E., Albert, J., Peletz, R., de Waal, D., Hirn, M., Danilenko, A., Uhl, V., Daw, A., Khush, R. 2016, Urban Water Services in Fragile States: An Analysis of Drinking Water Sources and Qualityin Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and Monrovia, Liberia. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 95(1): 229–238.10.4269/ajtmh.15-0766]Search in Google Scholar
[Kwadzah, T.K., Iorhemen, O.T. 2015, Assessment of the Impact of Abattoir Effluent on theWater Quality of River Kaduna, Nigeria. World Journal of Environmental Engineering, 3(3): 87-94.10.12691/wjee-3-3-3]Search in Google Scholar
[Lane, S., Lloyd, D. 2002, Current trends in research into the waterborne parasite Giardia. Critical Review in Microbiology, 28: 123–47.10.1080/1040-840291046713]Search in Google Scholar
[Lawoyin, T., Ogunbodede, N., Olumide, E., Onadeko, M.O. 1999, Outbreak of cholera in Ibadan, Nigeria. European Journal of Epidemiology, 15: 365–368. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:100754711776310.1023/A:1007547117763]Search in Google Scholar
[Lee, S.E., Lee, J.U., Chon, H.T., Lee, J.S. 2008, Microbiological reduction of hexavalent chromium by indigenous chromium-resistant bacteria in sand column experiments. Environmental and Geochemical Health, 30: 141–145.10.1007/s10653-008-9132-6]Search in Google Scholar
[Liang, Z., He, Z., Zhou, X., Powell, C.A., Yang, Y., He, L.M., Stoffella, P.J. 2013, Impact of mixed land-use practices on the microbial water quality in a subtropical coastal watershed. Science of the Total Environment, 449: 426–433.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.087]Search in Google Scholar
[Linden, O., Palsson, J. 2013, Oil contamination in Ogoni land, Niger Delta. Ambio, 42(6): 685-701.10.1007/s13280-013-0412-8]Search in Google Scholar
[Liu, H., Liang, Y., Zhang, D., Wang, C., Liang, H., Cai, H. 2010, Impact of MSW landfill on the environmental contamination of phthalate esters. Waste Management, 30: 1569-1576.10.1016/j.wasman.2010.01.040]Search in Google Scholar
[MacDonald, A.M., Calow, R.C. 2009, Developing groundwater for secure rural water supplies in Africa. Desalination, 248(1–3): 546-556.10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.100]Search in Google Scholar
[Makut, M.D., Kelechi, A., Alabi, S. 2015, Bacteriological Quality of Potable Water from Different Sources In Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria Nigerian. Journal of Microbiology, 28: 2791-2796.]Search in Google Scholar
[Matsumura, E.M., Mierzwa, J.C. 2008, Water conservation and reuse in poultry processing plant—A case study. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52(6): 835-842.10.1016/j.resconrec.2007.10.002]Search in Google Scholar
[McKenzic, H.A., Smythe, L.E. 1998, Quantitative Trace Analysis of Biological. Elsevier: Amsterdam. Muazu, J., Muhammad-Biu, A., Mohammed, G.T. 2012, Microbial Quality of Packaged Sachet Water Marketed in Maiduguri Metropolis, North Eastern Nigeria. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 3(1): 33-38.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nasir, U.N., Bandyopadhyay, A.S., Montagnani, F., Akite, J.E., Mungu, E.B., Uche, I.V., Ismaila, A.M. 2016, Polio elimination in Nigeria: A review. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapy, 12: 658-663.10.1080/21645515.2015.1088617]Search in Google Scholar
[Nematian, J., Gholamrezanezhad, A., Nematian, E. 2008, Giardiasis and other intestinal parasitic infections in relation to anthropometric indicators of malnutrition: a large, population-based survey of schoolchildren in Tehran. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 102(3): 209–14.10.1179/136485908X267876]Search in Google Scholar
[Nester, E.W., Anderson, D.G., Roberts, C.E. Jr, Pearsall, N.N., Nester, M.T., Hurley, D. 2004, The Molecules of life. In Microbiology A Human perspective. 4th edition. New York: McGraw Hill. Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. Disease information. Cholera. 15 April 2019, Available at: https://www.ncdc.gov.ng/diseases/factsheet/50]Search in Google Scholar
[Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS), Nigerian Standard for drinking water quality, NIS Publication, Abuja, Nigeria, 2015, pp. 20-21.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nyenke, C., Chukwujekwu, D.C., Stanley, H.O., Awoibi, N.K. 2008, Prevalence of Intestinal Amoebiasis in Infant and Junior School Children in Degema General Hospital and Environs. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 12(3): 83 – 87.10.4314/jasem.v12i3.55506]Search in Google Scholar
[Obeta, M.C., Ocheje, J.F., Nwokocha, V.C. 2015, Analysis of the Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Imabolo Stream Water in Ankpa Urban Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(6): 549-557.10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s4p549]Search in Google Scholar
[Obioma, A., Chikanka, A.T., Loveth, N.W. 2017, Evaluation of Bacteriological Quality of Surface, Well, Borehole and River Water in Khana Local Government Area of Rivers State, Niger Delta. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research, 5(3): 183-190.10.21767/2386-5180.1000183]Search in Google Scholar
[Ocheri, M., Odoma, L., Umar, N. 2014, Groundwater Quality in Nigerian Urban Areas: A Review. Global Journal of Science and Frontier Research, 14(3): 1-9.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ogwuegbu, M.O.C., Muhanga, W. 2005, Investigation of lead concentration in the blood of people in the copperbelt province of Zambia. Journal of the Environment, 1: 66–75.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ohanu, M.E., 2019, Typhoid fever among febrile Nigerian patients: Prevalence, diagnostic performance of the Widal test and antibiotic multi-drug resistance. Malawi Medical Journal, 33(1): 42-50.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ohanu, M.E., Udoh, I.P., Eleazar, C.I. 2012, Microbiological Analysis of Sachet and Tap Water in Enugu State of Nigeria. Advances in Microbiology, 2: 547-551.10.4236/aim.2012.24070]Search in Google Scholar
[Ojekunle, O.Z., Ojekunle, O.V., Adeyemi, A.A., Taiwo, A.G., Sangowusi, O.R., Taiwo, A.M., Adekitan, A.A. 2016, Evaluation of surface water quality indices and ecological risk assessment for heavy metals in scrap yard neighbourhood. SpringerPlus 5: 560-566.10.1186/s40064-016-2158-9485671027218010]Search in Google Scholar
[Okeke, I.E., Ezeagu, C.A., Ekenta, E.O., Mbanefo, D. 2018, Parametric Index Analysis of Effects of Effluents and Solid Wastes on Ukwaka Streams, Nnewi, Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention, 7(5): 55-68.]Search in Google Scholar
[Okorondu, S.I., Anyadoh-Nwadike, S.O. 2015, Bacteriological and Physiochemical Analysis of Oguta Lake Water, Imo State, Nigeria. Science Journal of Public Health. Special Issue: Who is Afraid of the Microbes, 3(5-1): 14-19.10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.13]Search in Google Scholar
[Okpanachi, A.S. 2009, Effects of solid waste dumpsites on groundwater quality in Samaru, Zaria Kaduna State, Nigeria. MSc Thesis Pp 1-133.]Search in Google Scholar
[Olagunju, E., Badmus, O., Ogunlana, F., Babalola, M. 2018, Environmental Impact Assessment of Waste Dumpsite using Integrated Geochemical and Physico-Chemical Approach: A Case Study of Ilokun Waste Dumpsite, Ado-Ekiti, Southern Nigeria. Civil Engineering Research Journal, 4(2): 555631. DOI: 10.19080/CERJ.2018.04.555631]Search in Google Scholar
[Ologbushere, O.A., Aluyi, H.S.A., Ogofure, A.G., Beshiru, A., Omeje, F.I. 2016, Physico-chemical and microbiological profile of bacterial and fungal isolates of Ikpoba River in Benin City: Public health implications. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 10(3): 67–76.10.5897/AJEST2015.1981]Search in Google Scholar
[Olowe, O.A., Ojurongbe, O., Opaleye, O.O., Adedosu, O.T., Olowe, R.A., Eniola, K.I.T. 2005, Bacterilogical Quality of water Samples in Osogbo Metropolis. African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 6(3): 219-222.10.4314/ajcem.v6i3.7426]Search in Google Scholar
[Oludairo, O.O., Aiyedun, J.O. 2015, Contamination of Commercially Packaged Sachet Water and The Public Health Implications: An Overview. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 13(2): 73-81.10.3329/bjvm.v13i2.26632]Search in Google Scholar
[Omalu, I.C.J., Eze, G.C., Olayemi, I.K., Gbesi, S., Adeniran, L.A., Ayanwale, A.V., Mohammed, A.Z., Chukwuemeka, V. 2011, Contamination of Sachet Water in Nigeria: Assessment and Health Impact. Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, 9(4): 1-3.]Search in Google Scholar
[Omofonmwan, S.I., Eseigbe, J.O. 2009, Effects of Solid Waste on the Quality of`Underground Water in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology, 26(2): 99-105.10.1080/09709274.2009.11906171]Search in Google Scholar
[Omole, D.O., Longe, E.O. 2008, An assessment of the impact of abattoir effluents on river illo, Ota, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 1(2): 56-64.10.3923/jest.2008.56.64]Search in Google Scholar
[Omoruyi, I.M., Ahamioje, D., Pohjanvirta, R. 2014, Dietary exposure of Nigerians to mutagens and estrogen-like chemicals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(8): 8347-836710.3390/ijerph110808347414386525153465]Search in Google Scholar
[Omoruyi, I.M., Wogu, M.D., Eraga, M.E. 2011, Bacteriological quality of beef-contact surfaces, air microflora and wastewaters from major abattoirs in Benin City, Southern Nigeria. International Journal of Biosciences, 1(3): 57-62.]Search in Google Scholar
[Onuorah, S., Nwoke, J., Odibo, Frederick. 2018, Bacteriological Assessment of the Public Hand-Pump Borehole Water in Onueke, Ezza South Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2(2): 39-48.]Search in Google Scholar
[Onyegeme-Okerenta, B.M., Oharisi, A.O., Wegwu, M.O. 2017, Impact of crude oil spillage on water and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Uzere, Isoko south LGA of Delta State Nigeria. European Journal of Earth and Environment, 4(1): 1-16.]Search in Google Scholar
[Onyemaechi, O., Nwachukwu, E. 2018, Microbiological Evaluation of Drinking Water Supplies in Uzuakoli, Bende L.G.A. of Abia State, Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research, 9(2): 69-74.]Search in Google Scholar
[Opafola, O.T., Oladepo, K.T., Ajibade, F.O., David, A.O. 2020, Potability assessment of packaged sachet water sold within a tertiary institution in southwestern Nigeria. Journal of King Saud University – Science, 32(3): 1999-2004.10.1016/j.jksus.2020.02.004]Search in Google Scholar
[Orheruata, A.M., Omoyakhi, J.M. 2008, Livestock-Environment Interaction: Issues and options in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Management, 12(2): 129–133.]Search in Google Scholar
[Oyinloye, S.O., Aminu, M., Ella, E.E., Jatau, E.D. 2016, The prevalence and predisposing factors of norovirus and astrovirus infection among diarrheic children in north east, Nigeria. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 8(10): 204-210.10.5897/JPHE2016.0840]Search in Google Scholar
[Porowska, D. 2015, Determination of the origin of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwateraround a reclaimed landfill in Otwock using stable carbon isotopes. Waste Management, 39: 216-225.10.1016/j.wasman.2015.01.044]Search in Google Scholar
[Raji, M.I.O., Ibrahim, Y.K.E., Ehinmidu, J.O. 2010, Bacteriological quality of public water sources in Shuni, Tambuwal and Sokoto towns in North-Western Nigeria. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioresources, 7(2): 55-64.10.4314/jpb.v7i2.3]Search in Google Scholar
[Rajtar, B., Majek, M., Polański, L., Polz-Dacewicz, M. 2008, Enteroviruses in Water Environment: A Potential Threat to Public Health. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 15(2): 199-203.]Search in Google Scholar
[Rim-Rukeh, A., Ikhifa, O.G., Okokoyo, A.P. 2006, Effects of Agricultural Activities on the Water Quality of Orogodo River, Agbor, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2(5): 256-259.]Search in Google Scholar
[Rine, R.C., Manasseh, K., Hassan Suleiman, C. 2013, Prevalence of Intestinal Amoebiasis in School Age Children in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(7): 1-6.]Search in Google Scholar
[Salami, L., Fadayini, M.O., Madu, C. 2014, Assessment of a closed dumpsite and its impact on surface and groundwater integrity: A case of Oke Afa dumpsite, Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences, 18(3): 222-230.]Search in Google Scholar
[Salem, H.M., Eweida, E.A., Farag, A. 2000, Heavy metals in drinking water and their environmental impact on human health. ICEHM, 542-56.]Search in Google Scholar
[Samuel, O., Nkiruka, I., Frederick, O. 2019, Bacteriological Quality Assessment of Borehole Water in Ogbaru Communities, Anambra State, Nigeria. Universal Journal of Clinical Medicine, 7(1): 1-10.10.13189/ujcm.2019.070101]Search in Google Scholar
[Sibanda, T., Chigor, V.N., Koba, S., Obi, C.L., Okoh, A.I. 2014, Characterization of the physicochemical qualities of a typical rural-based river: Ecological and public health implications. International journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 11: 1771-1780.10.1007/s13762-013-0376-z]Search in Google Scholar
[Simon-Oke, A., Ogunleye, E. 2015, Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica among primary school children in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 7: 346-351.10.5897/JPHE2015.0754]Search in Google Scholar
[Squire, S.A., Ryan, U. 2017, Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Africa: current and future challenges. Parasites and Vectors, 10: 195.10.1186/s13071-017-2111-y]Search in Google Scholar
[Sule, I.O., Agbabiaka, T.O., Akomolafe, A.V. 2011, Bacteriological quality of water stored exteriorly in storage tanks. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 5(6): 603-610.10.3923/rjes.2011.603.610]Search in Google Scholar
[Tara, D.M., Aylward, R.B., Mwanza, M., Gasasira, A., Abanida, E., Pate, M.A., Grassly, N.C. 2014, Key Issues in the Persistence of Poliomyelitis in Nigeria: A Case-Control Study. Lancet Global Health, 2(2): 90-97.10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70168-2]Search in Google Scholar
[Taura, D.W., Hassan, I.A. 2013, Bacteriological examination of households’ drinking water in some local Government areas of Kano state, Nigeria. International Research Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 3(6): 91-96.10.15580/GJBS.2013.5.032613546]Search in Google Scholar
[Thompson, R.C.A. 2004, The zoonotic significance and molecular epidemiology of Giardia and giardiasis. Veterinary Parasitology, 126(1): 15–35.10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.09.008]Search in Google Scholar
[Titilawo, Y., Adeniji, A., Adeniyi, M., Okoh, A. 2018, Determination of levels of some metal contaminants in the freshwater environments of Osun State, Southwest Nigeria: A risk assessment approach to predict health threat. Chemosphere, 211: 834-843.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.20330103138]Search in Google Scholar
[Tongo, I., Ezemonye, L., Akpeh, K. 2017, Distribution, characterization, and human health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ovia River, Southern Nigeria. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189(6): 247-251.10.1007/s10661-017-5931-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Tula, M.Y., Onyeje, G.A., John, A. 2018, Bacteriological quality assessment of two sources of water supplies in Mubi, Northeastern Nigeria. World Scientific New, 111: 100–110.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ugochukwu, S., Giwa, F.J., Giwa, A. 2019, Bacteriological evaluation of sampled sachet water sold in Samaru-Zaria, Kaduna-State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences, 12(1): 6-12.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ugochukwu, S., Giwa, F.J., Giwa, A. 2015, Bacteriological evaluation of sampled sachet water sold in Samaru-Zaria, Kaduna-State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences, 12(1): 6-12.10.4103/0331-8540.156663]Search in Google Scholar
[Ullah, S., Javed, M.W., Shafique, M., 2014, An integrated approach for quality assessment of drinking water using GIS: A case study of Lower Dir. Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences: 47(2): 163-74.]Search in Google Scholar
[Umoh, J.U., Adesiyun, A.A., Adekeye, J.O. 1983, Epidemiological features of an outbreak of gastroenteritis/cholera in Katsina, Northern Nigeria. Journal of Hygiene, 91: 101-111.10.1017/S0022172400060083]Search in Google Scholar
[United Nations Environment Programme, 2011, Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland, Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme.]Search in Google Scholar
[United Nations Environmental Programme Global Environmental Monitoring System, UNEP GEMS. 2007, Water quality outlook. Available at: http://www.gemswater.org/.]Search in Google Scholar
[United Nations. 2019, Progress on Sustainable Development Goal 6. http://www.undp.org]Search in Google Scholar
[United Nations. 2020, Sustainable Development Goals. http://www.undp.org]Search in Google Scholar
[Usman, Y.M., Mohammed, A., Ibrahim, B., Saleh, B.A. 2016, Assessment of Groundwater Quality status along River Ngadda in Maiduguri, Nigeria. The International Journal Of Engineering and Science, 5(1): 8-14.]Search in Google Scholar
[World Health Organization (WHO). 2011, Guidelines for drinking water quality. World Health Organization, Geneva.]Search in Google Scholar
[World Health Organization and Joint Monitoring Programme Report, WHO/JMPR. 2013, Water Sanitation Health. Available at: https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/monitoring/jmp_fast_facts/en/]Search in Google Scholar
[World Health Organization, WHO. 2010, Water for Health, WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality. World Health Organization, Geneva.]Search in Google Scholar
[World Health Organization/UNICEF. 2014, Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: 2014 Update. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.]Search in Google Scholar
[World Health Organization/UNICEF. 2015, Progress on drinking water and sanitation, 2012 update.]Search in Google Scholar
[Yakubu, O. 2017, Addressing Environmental Health Problems in Ogoni land through Implementation of United Nations Environment Program Recommendations: Environmental Management Strategies. Environments, 4(2): 28.10.3390/environments4020028]Search in Google Scholar
[Yusuf, A.S., John, W., Oloruntoba, A.C. 2014, Review on Prevalence of Waterborne Diseases in Nigeria. Journal of Advancement in Medical and Life Sciences, 1(2): 1-3.]Search in Google Scholar