This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Booth FA, Edelman JD, Proffit WR. Twenty-year follow-up of patients with permanently bonded mandibular canine-to-canine reteiners. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthoped. 2008; 133:70–6.BoothFAEdelmanJDProffitWR.Twenty-year follow-up of patients with permanently bonded mandibular canine-to-canine reteiners. . 2008; 133:70–6.Search in Google Scholar
Johnston CD, Littlewood SJ. Retention in orthodontics. Br Dent J. 2015; 218:119–22.JohnstonCDLittlewoodSJ.Retention in orthodontics. . 2015; 218:119–22.Search in Google Scholar
Littlewood SJ, Millett DT, Doubleday B, Bearn DR, Worthington HV. Orthodontic retention: A systematic review. J Orthod. 2006; 33:205–12.LittlewoodSJMillettDTDoubledayBBearnDRWorthingtonHV.Orthodontic retention: A systematic review. . 2006; 33:205–12.Search in Google Scholar
Molyneaux C, Sandy JR, Ireland AJ. Orthodontic retention and the role of the general dental practitioner. Br Dent J. 2021; 230: 753–7.MolyneauxCSandyJRIrelandAJ.Orthodontic retention and the role of the general dental practitioner. . 2021; 230: 753–7.Search in Google Scholar
Kingsley NW. A treatise on oral deformities as a branch of mechanical surgery. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1880.KingsleyNW.. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1880.Search in Google Scholar
Lundström AF. Malocclusion of the teeth regarded as a problem in connection with the apical base. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1925; 11:591–60.2.LundströmAF.Malocclusion of the teeth regarded as a problem in connection with the apical base. . 1925; 11:591–60.2.Search in Google Scholar
McCauley DR. The cuspid and its function in retention. Am J Orthod Oral Surg. 1944; 30:196–205.McCauleyDR.The cuspid and its function in retention. . 1944; 30:196–205.Search in Google Scholar
Tweed CH. Indications for the extraction of teeth in orthodontic procedure. Am J Orthod Oral Surg. 1944; 30: 405–28.TweedCH.Indications for the extraction of teeth in orthodontic procedure. . 1944; 30: 405–28.Search in Google Scholar
Little RM, Riedel RA, Artun J. An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1988; 93:423–8.LittleRMRiedelRAArtunJ.An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention. . 1988; 93:423–8.Search in Google Scholar
Kartal Y, Kaya B. Fixed orthodontic retainers: a review. Turk J Orthod. 2019; 32:110–4.KartalYKayaB.Fixed orthodontic retainers: a review. . 2019; 32:110–4.Search in Google Scholar
Renkema AM, Renkema A, Bronkhorst E, Katsaros C. Long-term effectiveness of canine-to-canine bonded flexible spiral wire lingual retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2011; 139:614–21.RenkemaAMRenkemaABronkhorstEKatsarosC.Long-term effectiveness of canine-to-canine bonded flexible spiral wire lingual retainers. . 2011; 139:614–21.Search in Google Scholar
Dahl E. Long-term experience with direct-bonded lingual retainers. J Clin Orthod. 1991; 25:619–30.DahlE.Long-term experience with direct-bonded lingual retainers. . 1991; 25:619–30.Search in Google Scholar
Kravitz ND, Grauer D, Schumacher P, Jo YM. Memotain: A CAD/CAM nickel-titanium lingual retainer. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2017; 151: 812–5.KravitzNDGrauerDSchumacherPJoYM.Memotain: A CAD/CAM nickel-titanium lingual retainer. . 2017; 151: 812–5.Search in Google Scholar
Degirmenci Z, Ozsoy OP. Retention after fixed orthodontic treatment. Cumhur Dent J. 2009; 12:83–90.DegirmenciZOzsoyOP.Retention after fixed orthodontic treatment. . 2009; 12:83–90.Search in Google Scholar
Zachrisson BU. Clinical experience with direct-bonded orthodontic retainers. Am J Orthod. 1977; 71:440–8 https://doi. org/10.1016/0002-9416(77)90247-0.ZachrissonBU.Clinical experience with direct-bonded orthodontic retainers. . 1977; 71:440–8https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(77)90247-0.Search in Google Scholar
Zachrisson BU. Multistranded wire bonded retainers: From start to success. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2015; 148:724–7.ZachrissonBU.Multistranded wire bonded retainers: From start to success. . 2015; 148:724–7.Search in Google Scholar
Diamond M. Resin fiberglass bonded retainer. J Clin Orthod. 1987; 21:182–3.DiamondM.Resin fiberglass bonded retainer. . 1987; 21:182–3.Search in Google Scholar
Orchin JD. Permanent lingual bonded retainer. J Clin Orthod. 1990; 24:229–31.OrchinJD.Permanent lingual bonded retainer. . 1990; 24:229–31.Search in Google Scholar
Gelin E, Seidel L, Bruwier A, Adelin Albert A, Charavet C. Innovative customized CAD/CAM nickel-titanium lingual retainer versus standard stainless-steel lingual retainer: A randomized controlled trial. Korean J Orthod. 2020; 50: 373–82.GelinESeidelLBruwierAAdelin AlbertACharavetC.Innovative customized CAD/CAM nickel-titanium lingual retainer versus standard stainless-steel lingual retainer: A randomized controlled trial. . 2020; 50: 373–82.Search in Google Scholar
Sachdeva RCL. SureSmile technology in a patient-centered orthodontic practice. J Clin Orthod. 2001; 35:245–53.SachdevaRCL.SureSmile technology in a patient-centered orthodontic practice. . 2001; 35:245–53.Search in Google Scholar
Bjering R, Sandvik L, Midtbo M, Vandevska-Radunovic V. Stability of anterior tooth alignment 10 years out of retention. J Orofac Orthop. 2017; 78:275–83.BjeringRSandvikLMidtboMVandevska-RadunovicV.Stability of anterior tooth alignment 10 years out of retention. . 2017; 78:275–83.Search in Google Scholar
Little RM, Wallen TR, Riedel RA. Stability and relapse of mandibular anterior alignment-first premolar extraction cases treated by traditional edgewise orthodontics. Am J Orthod. 1981; 80:349–65.LittleRMWallenTRRiedelRA.Stability and relapse of mandibular anterior alignment-first premolar extraction cases treated by traditional edgewise orthodontics. . 1981; 80:349–65.Search in Google Scholar
Little RM. The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment. Am J Orthod. 1975;68:554–63.LittleRM.The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment. . 1975;68:554–63.Search in Google Scholar
O’Leary TJ, Drake RB, Naylor JE. The plaque control record. J Periodontol. 1972;43:38.O’LearyTJDrakeRBNaylorJE.The plaque control record. . 1972;43:38.Search in Google Scholar
Ennever J, Sturzenberger OP, Radike AW. The Calculus Surface Index method for scoring clinical calculus studies. J Periodontol. 1961;32: 54–7. 1961EnneverJSturzenbergerOPRadikeAW.The Calculus Surface Index method for scoring clinical calculus studies. . 1961;32: 54–7. 1961Search in Google Scholar
Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J. 1975;25:229–35.AinamoJBayI.Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. . 1975;25:229–35.Search in Google Scholar
Artun J, Marstrander PB. Clinical efficiency of two different types of direct bonded space maintainers. ASDC J Dent Child. 1983; 50:197–204.ArtunJMarstranderPB.Clinical efficiency of two different types of direct bonded space maintainers. . 1983; 50:197–204.Search in Google Scholar
Zachrisson BU. Long-term experience with direct-bonded retainers: Update and clinical advice. J Clin Orthod. 2007; 41: 728–37.ZachrissonBU.Long-term experience with direct-bonded retainers: Update and clinical advice. . 2007; 41: 728–37.Search in Google Scholar
Johnsson AC, Tofeldt LN, Kjelberg H. Subjective evaluation of orthodontic treatment and potential side effects of bonded lingual reteiners. Swed Dent J. 2007; 31:35–44.JohnssonACTofeldtLNKjelbergH.Subjective evaluation of orthodontic treatment and potential side effects of bonded lingual reteiners. . 2007; 31:35–44.Search in Google Scholar
Rose E, Jonas E. Clinical comparison of a multistranded wire and a direct-bonded polyethylen ribbon reinforced resin composite used for lingual retention. Quinssentence Int. 2002; 33:579–83.RoseEJonasE.Clinical comparison of a multistranded wire and a direct-bonded polyethylen ribbon reinforced resin composite used for lingual retention. . 2002; 33:579–83.Search in Google Scholar
Littlewood SJ, Millett DT, Doubleday B, Bearn DB, Worthington HV. Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 2016: CD002283.LittlewoodSJMillettDTDoubledayBBearnDBWorthingtonHV.Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces. 2016; 2016: CD002283.Search in Google Scholar
Al-Nimri K, Al Habashneh R, Obeidat M. Gingival health and relapse tendency: a prospective study of two types of lower fixed retainers. Aust Orthod J. 2009; 25:142–6.Al-NimriKAl HabashnehRObeidatM.Gingival health and relapse tendency: a prospective study of two types of lower fixed retainers. . 2009; 25:142–6.Search in Google Scholar
Bearn DR. Bonded orthodontic retainers. A review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995; 108:207–13.BearnDR.Bonded orthodontic retainers. A review. . 1995; 108:207–13.Search in Google Scholar
Jedliński M, Grocholewicz K, Mazur M, Janiszewska-Olszowska J. What causes failure of fixed orthodontic retention? - systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. Head Face Med. 2021; 17:32.JedlińskiMGrocholewiczKMazurMJaniszewska-OlszowskaJ.What causes failure of fixed orthodontic retention? - systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. . 2021; 17:32.Search in Google Scholar
Schneider E, Ruf S. Upper bonded retainers: Survival and failure rates. Angle Orthod. 2011; 81:1050–6.SchneiderERufS.Upper bonded retainers: Survival and failure rates. . 2011; 81:1050–6.Search in Google Scholar
Patano A, Malcangi G, Inchingolo AD, Garofoli G, De Leonardis N, Azzollini D, et al. Mandibular crowding: diagnosis and management-a scoping review. J Pers Med. 2023;13:774.PatanoAMalcangiGInchingoloADGarofoliGDe LeonardisNAzzolliniDMandibular crowding: diagnosis and management-a scoping review. . 2023;13:774.Search in Google Scholar
Fleming PS, Dibiase AT, Lee RT. Arch form and dimensional changes in orthodontics. Prog Orthod. 2008;9:66–73FlemingPSDibiaseATLeeRT.Arch form and dimensional changes in orthodontics. . 2008;9:66–73Search in Google Scholar
Dyer KC, Vaden JL, Harris EF. Relapse revisited--again. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012; 142:221–7.DyerKCVadenJLHarrisEF.Relapse revisited--again. . 2012; 142:221–7.Search in Google Scholar
Freitas KM, Janson G, de Freitas MR, Pinzan A, Henriques JF, Pinzan-Vercelino CR. Influence of the quality of the finished occlusion on postretention occlusal relapse. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007; 132:428e9–14.FreitasKMJansonGde FreitasMRPinzanAHenriquesJFPinzan-VercelinoCR.Influence of the quality of the finished occlusion on postretention occlusal relapse. . 2007; 132:428e9–14.Search in Google Scholar
Freitas KM, Janson G, Tompson B, de Freitas MR, Simao TM, Valarelli FP. Posttreatment and physiologic occlusal changes comparison. Angle Orthod. 2013; 83:239–45.FreitasKMJansonGTompsonBde FreitasMRSimaoTMValarelliFP.Posttreatment and physiologic occlusal changes comparison. . 2013; 83:239–45.Search in Google Scholar
Lang G, Alfter G, Göz G, Lang GH. Retention and stability-taking various treatment parameters into account. J Orofac Orthop. 2002; 63:26–41.LangGAlfterGGözGLangGH.Retention and stability-taking various treatment parameters into account. . 2002; 63:26–41.Search in Google Scholar
Renkema Am, Al-Assad S, Bronkhorst E, Weindel S, Katsaros. C, Lisson JA. Effectiveness of lingual reteiners bonded to the canines in preventing mandibular incisor relepse. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008; 134: 17. e1–8.RenkemaAmAl-AssadSBronkhorstEWeindelSKatsarosCLissonJA.Effectiveness of lingual reteiners bonded to the canines in preventing mandibular incisor relepse. . 2008; 134: 17. e1–8.Search in Google Scholar
Kučera J, Marek I. Unexpected complications associated with mandibular fixed retainers: a retrospective study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016; 149:202–11.KučeraJMarekI.Unexpected complications associated with mandibular fixed retainers: a retrospective study. . 2016; 149:202–11.Search in Google Scholar
Charavet C, Vives F, Aroca S, Dridi S-M. “Wire Syndrome” following bonded orthodontic retainers: a systematic review of the literature. Healthcare. 2022; 10:379.CharavetCVivesFArocaSDridiS-M.“Wire Syndrome” following bonded orthodontic retainers: a systematic review of the literature. . 2022; 10:379.Search in Google Scholar
Lyros I, Tsolakis IA, Maroulakos MP, Fora E, Lykogeorgos T, Dalampira M, et al. Orthodontic retainers—a critical review. Children. 2023;10:230.LyrosITsolakisIAMaroulakosMPForaELykogeorgosTDalampiraMOrthodontic retainers—a critical review. . 2023;10:230.Search in Google Scholar
Artun J, Spadafora AT, Shapiro PA. A 3-year follow-up study of various types of orthodontic canine-to-canine retainers. Eur J Orthod. 1997; 19:501–9.ArtunJSpadaforaATShapiroPA.A 3-year follow-up study of various types of orthodontic canine-to-canine retainers. . 1997; 19:501–9.Search in Google Scholar
Pandis N, Vlahopoulos K, Madianos P, Eliades T. Long-term periodontal status of patients with mandibular lingual fixed retention. Eur J Orthod. 2007; 29:471–6.PandisNVlahopoulosKMadianosPEliadesT.Long-term periodontal status of patients with mandibular lingual fixed retention. . 2007; 29:471–6.Search in Google Scholar
Arn M-L, Dritsas K, Nikolaos Pandis N, Kloukos D. The effects of fixed orthodontic retainers on periodontal health: A systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2020; 157: 156–64.e17.ArnM-LDritsasKNikolaos PandisNKloukosD.The effects of fixed orthodontic retainers on periodontal health: A systematic review. . 2020; 157: 156–64.e17.Search in Google Scholar
Steegmans PAJ, Meursinge Reynders RA. Fixed orthodontic retainers and periodontal health. Evid Based Dent. 2020; 21: 146–9SteegmansPAJMeursinge ReyndersRA.Fixed orthodontic retainers and periodontal health. . 2020; 21: 146–9Search in Google Scholar