Stallard H. The general prevalence of gross symptoms of malocclusion. Dent Cosmos 1932; 74: 29-37.Search in Google Scholar
McCall JO. A study of malocclusion in pre-school and school children. Dent Items Interest 1944: 131-3.Search in Google Scholar
Sclare R Orthodontics and the school children: a survey of 680 school children. Br Dent J 1945; 79: 278-80.Search in Google Scholar
Fisk RO. When malocclusion concerns the public. Can Dent Assoc J 1960; 26: 397-412.Search in Google Scholar
Bjork A, Krebs A, Solow B. A method for epidemiological registration of malocclusion. Acta Odontol Scand 1964; 22: 27-41.Search in Google Scholar
Proffit WR, Ackerman JL. Rating the characteristics of malocclusion: a systematic approach for treatment planning. Am J Orthod 1973; 64: 258-69.Search in Google Scholar
Brzroukov V, Freer TJ, Helm S, et al . Basic methods for recording occlusal traits. Bull World Health Organ 1979; 57: 955-61.Search in Google Scholar
Kinaan BK, Burke PH. Quantitative assessment of the occlusal features. Br J Orthod 1981; 8:149-56.Search in Google Scholar
Massel M, Frankel JM. Prevalence of malocclusion in children aged 14 to 18 years. Am J Orthod 1951; 37: 751-68.Search in Google Scholar
Vankirk LK, Pennell EH. Assessment of malocclusion in population groups. Am J Orthod 1959; 45: 752-8.Search in Google Scholar
Draker HL. Handicapping labiolingual deviations: a proposed index for public health purposes. Am J Orthod 1960; 46: 295-305.Search in Google Scholar
Grainger RM. Malocclusion severity estimate. Burlington: Burlington Orthodontic Research Centre, 1961.Search in Google Scholar
Grainger RM. Orthodontic treatment priority index. Washington DC: United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1967: 25.Search in Google Scholar
Poulton DR, Axonson SA. The relationship between occlusion and periodontal status. Am J Orthod 1961; 47: 690-9.Search in Google Scholar
Summers CJ. Some effects of the developmental changes on the indices of malocclusion. J Public Health Dent 1966; 26: 212-20.Search in Google Scholar
Summers CJ. The occlusal index: a system for identifying and scoring occlusal disorders. Am J Orthod 1971; 59: 552-67.Search in Google Scholar
Howitt JW, Stricker G, Henderson R. Eastman esthetic index. N Y State Dent J 1967; 33: 215-20.Search in Google Scholar
Salzmann JA. Malocclusion severity assessment. Am J Orthod 1967; 53: 109-19.Search in Google Scholar
Salzmann JA. Handicapping malocclusion assessment to establish treatment priority. Am J Orthod 1968; 54: 749-69.Search in Google Scholar
Jenny J, Cons N, Kohout F. Test of a method to determine socially acceptable occlusal conditions. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1980; 8: 424-33.Search in Google Scholar
Brook PH, Shaw WC. The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority. Eur J Orthod 1989; 11: 309-20.Search in Google Scholar
Tolliday P. Orthodontic Needs and Demands for Treatment [Masters Thesis]. Melbourne: The University of Melbourne, 1983.Search in Google Scholar
Proffit WR, Mason RM. Myofunctional therapy for tongue thrusting: background and recommendations. J Am Dent Assoc 1975; 90: 403-11.Search in Google Scholar
Cons NC, Jenny J, Kohou: FJ. Utility of the DAI in industrialized and developing countries. J Public Health Dent 1989; 49: 163-6.Search in Google Scholar
Jenny J, Cons NC, Kohout FJ. Comparison of SASOC, a measure of dental aesthetics, with three orthodontic indices and orthodontist judgement. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1983; 11: 236-41.Search in Google Scholar
Albino J, Cunat J, Fox R, et al. Variables discriminating individuals who seek orthodontic treatment. J Dent Res 1981; 60: 1661-7.Search in Google Scholar
Dunning JM. Principles of Dental Public Health. 4th ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986.Search in Google Scholar
Shaw W, Lewis H, Robertson N. Perception of malocclusion. Br Dent J 1975; 138: 211-16.Search in Google Scholar
Richardson SA, Goodman N, Hastof AH. Cultural uniformity in reaction to disabilities. Am Soc Rev 1961; 29: 241-47.Search in Google Scholar
Adams G. Physical attractiveness: Toward a developmental social psychology of beauty. Hum Dev 1977; 20: 217-30.Search in Google Scholar
Berscheid E. An overview of the psychological effects of physical attractiveness. In: GW Lucker, KA Ribbens, & JA McNamara, eds. Psychological Aspects of Facial Form. Ann Arbor: Center for Human Growth and Development, 1980: 1-24. Vol 11.Search in Google Scholar
Cross JF, Cross J. Age, sex, race and the perception of facial beauty. Develop Psycho1 1971; 5: 433-39.Search in Google Scholar
Lerner RM, Karabenick SA, Stuart JL. Relations among physical attractiveness, body attitudes, and self-concept in male and female college students. J Psycho1 1973; 85: 119-29.Search in Google Scholar
Terry RL, Brady CS. Effects of framed spectacles and contact lenses on ratings of facial attractiveness. Percept Motor Skills 1976; 42: 789-90.Search in Google Scholar
AC Nielsen McNair. Smile Telephone Omnibus Report. Melbourne: AC Nielsen McNair, 1997: M1704lSB8337Search in Google Scholar
Telstra. Households with telephones. Telstra Corp., Education Div., 1998 (Personal communication).Search in Google Scholar
Australian Bureau of Statistics. Statistical Enquiries Line. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1998 (Personal communication).Search in Google Scholar
Australian Bureau of Statistics, Victorian Branch. Victorian Statistical Geography. Melbourne: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1993.Search in Google Scholar
Pietila T, Pietila I. Dental appearance and orthodontic services assessed by 15-16-year olds adolescents in Eastern Finland. Community Dent Health 1996; 13: 139-44.Search in Google Scholar
Allister JH, Spencer AJ, Brennan DS. Provision of orthodontic care to adolescents in South Australia: the type, the provider, and the place of treatment. Aust Dent J 1996; 41: 105-410.Search in Google Scholar
Shaw WC, O’Brien KD, Richmond S. Quality control in Orthodontics: Factors influencing the receipt of orthodontic treatment. Br Dent J 1991; 170: 66-8.Search in Google Scholar
Tod MA, Taverne AA. Prevalence of malocclusion traits in an Australian adult population. Aust J Orthod 1997; 15: 16-22.Search in Google Scholar
Peck H, Peck S. A concept of facial esthetics. Angle Orthod 1970; 40: 284-318.Search in Google Scholar
Otuyemi OD, Ugboko VI, Adekoya-Sofowora CA, Ndukwe KC. Unmet orthodontic treatment need in rural Nigerian adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1997; 25: 363-6.Search in Google Scholar
Jenny J, Cons N. Establishing malocclusion severity levels on a Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) scale. Aust Dent J 1996; 41: 43-6.Search in Google Scholar
Holmes A. The prevalence of orthodontic treatment need. Br J Orthod 1992; 19: 177-82.Search in Google Scholar
Freer TJ. A survey of malocclusion and treatment needs. Aust Orthod J 1976: 4: 128-86.Search in Google Scholar
Estioko LJ, Wright FAC, Morgan MV Orthodontic treatment need of secondary school children in Heidelberg, Victoria: an epidemiological study using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Community Dent Health 1994; 11: 147-51.Search in Google Scholar
Crowther P, Harkness M, Herbison P. Orthodontic treatment need in 10-year old Dunedin schoolchildren. J NZ Dent Assoc 1997; 93: 72-8.Search in Google Scholar
Burden DJ, Holmes A. The need for orthodontic treatment in the child population of the United Kingdom. Eur J Orthod 1994; 16: 395-9.Search in Google Scholar
Shears RD, McGorray SP, Keeling SD, Wheeler TT, King GJ. Occlusal traits and perception of orthodontic need in eighth grade students. Angle Orthod 1998; 68: 107-14.Search in Google Scholar
Helm S, Petersen PE. Individual changes in malocclusion from adolescence to 35 years of age. Acta Odontol Scand 1989; 47: 212-16.Search in Google Scholar
Salonen L, Mohlin B, Gotzlinger B, Hellden L. Need and demand for orthodontic treatment in an adult Swedish population. Eur J Orthod 1992; 14: 359-68.Search in Google Scholar
Wheeler T, McGorray S, Yurkiewicz L, Keeling S, King G. Orthodontic treatment demand and need in third and fourth grade schoolchildren. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1994; 106: 22-33.Search in Google Scholar
Soh G, Lew KK. Assessment of orthodontic treatment needs by teenagers in an Asian community in Singapore. Community Dent Health 1992; 9: 57-62.Search in Google Scholar
Tuominen ML, Tuominen RJ, Nystrom ME. Subjective orthodontic treatment need and perceived dental appearance among young Finnish adults with and without previous orthodontic treatment. Community Dent Health 1994; 11: 29-33.Search in Google Scholar
Searcy VL, Chisick MC. Perceived, desired and normatively determined orthodontic treatment needs in male US army recruits. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1994; 22: 437-40.Search in Google Scholar
Stenvik A, Espeland L, Linge BO, Linge L. Lay attitudes to dental appearance and need for orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod 1997; 19: 271-7.Search in Google Scholar
Gravely JF. A study of the need and demand for orthodontic treatment in two contrasting National Health Service regions. Br J Orthod 1990; 17: 287-92.Search in Google Scholar
O’Connor K, Lee BW. The location of orthodontic practice in Australia. Aust J Orthod 1979; 6: 11-19.Search in Google Scholar