Impact of Environmental Information Disclosure on Certified Public Accountant Audit of Chinese Listed Companies in the Energy Industry

Variable	Coefficient	Std. Error	t-Statistic	Prob.
EDI	−0.008358	0.003426	−2.439621	0.0152
IR	−0.065059	0.030845	−2.109258	0.0356
LEV	0.252573	0.077228	3.270495	0.0012
ROE	−0.016008	0.062562	−0.255879	0.7982
CAT	−0.009965	0.006305	−1.580567	0.1149
lnAS	−0.02748	0.016934	−1.622767	0.1055
C	0.621527	0.39773	1.562688	0.1190

Variable	Levin, Lin & Chu t*test	ADF test	PP test	Stationarity
lnAF	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	Stable
OP	Virtual variable			Stable
IR	Virtual variable			Stable
EDI	0.0000	0.0003	0.0001	Stable
lnAS	0.0132	0.4896	0.0050	Stable
Receivable	0.0000	0.0004	0.0000	Stable
ROE	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	Stable
InICI	0.0000	0.0001	0.0001	Stable
lnGDP	0.0000	0.2079	0.0000	Stable
LEV	0.0000	0.0009	0.0000	Stable
CAT	0.0000	0.0008	0.0000	Stable

Variable	Coefficient	Std. Error	t-Statistic	Prob.
lnAF	0.214996	0.074391	2.890083	0.0042
IR	0.078676	0.012515	6.286496	0.0000
EDI	0.375081	0.032331	11.601180	0.0000
AS	1.274527	0.824980	1.544918	0.1236
Receivable	−0.066970	0.040803	−1.641311	0.1020
ROE	0.009643	0.023033	0.418649	0.6758
CR	0.063361	0.063778	0.993458	0.3214
BIG10	0.033850	0.082914	0.408255	0.6834
OP	−0.012769	0.155756	−0.081981	0.9347
Indr	−0.114389	0.093267	−1.226469	0.2211
C	4.978372	0.741695	6.712159	0.0000

	Variable name	Identification	Variable meaning
Interpreted variable	Audit fees	lnAF	Natural logarithm of audit fees
Interpreted variable	Audit opinion	OP	The non-standard audit opinion is 1, and the standard audit opinion is 0.
Explanatory variable	Whether an independent report is disclosed	IR	The independent report was 1, otherwise 0
Explanatory variable	Environmental information disclosure index	EDI	The guide requires the disclosure of 8 environmental information points
control variable	Internal controls	lnICI	The natural logarithm of the de Bo control index in this year
	Asset liability ratio	LEV	Total liabilities/year-end assets at the end of the year
	Net interest rate	ROE	Net profit/net assets
	Accounts receivable/total assets	Receivable	Accounts receivable/total assets
	Turnover rate of mobile assets	CAT	Average balance of operating income/current assets
	Asset scale	lnAS	Natural logarithm of total assets
	Site of a listed company	lnGDP	The natural logarithm of the GDP in the site of the listed company

Variable	Coefficient	Std. Error	t-Statistic	Prob.
EDI	0.014883	0.007007	2.123877	0.0344
IR	0.038175	0.063217	−0.603871	0.5463
lnICI	−0.022225	0.012788	−1.738054	0.0831
LEV	−0.346644	0.164509	−2.107147	0.0358
ROE	−0.149108	0.119737	−1.245295	0.2138
lnAS	0.351762	0.036519	9.632408	0.0000
Receivable	−0.286922	0.585266	−0.490242	0.6243
lnGDP	0.166957	0.131356	1.271028	0.2045
OP	0.029439	0.105057	0.280222	0.7795
C	6.020103	0.806983	7.460013	0.0000

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic	t-statistic	Prob.*
The first model	−20.66770	0.0000
The second model	−16.42007	0.0000

Variable	Coefficient	Std. Error	t-Statistic	Prob.
EDI	−0.007839	0.002926	−2.678837	0.0077
IR	−0.018763	0.022368	−0.838815	0.4020
LEV	0.136951	0.054196	2.526977	0.0118
ROE	−0.071547	0.058366	−1.225846	0.2209
CAT	−0.004694	0.004759	−0.98647	0.3244
lnAS	0.001107	0.008603	0.128687	0.8977
C	−0.01479	0.189842	−0.077909	0.9379

	Maximum	Minimum	Mean Std.	Dev.
lnAF	11.92	17.93	14.2383	1.01210
OP	0.00	1.00	0.0256	0.15823
EDI	0.00	16.00	4.9829	4.13422
IR	0.00	1.00	0.4423	0.49719
lnICI	0.00	6.89	6.4050	0.74605
LEV	0.02	1.56	0.5631	0.18172
ROE	−1.54	0.98	0.0634	0.12431
lnAS	20.23	28.51	23.4460	1.60545
Receivable	0.00	0.40	0.0517	0.04902
lnGDP	0.68	2.47	1.6219	0.40569
CAT	0.06	19.87	2.3136	1.83478

Frequenza di pubblicazione:: Volume Open
Argomenti della rivista:: Life Sciences, other, Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, General Mathematics, Physics