Numerical Study of MHD Mixed Convection of Nanofluid Flow in a Double Lid Convergent Cavity

This article presents a numerical analysis of mixed convection of a magnetic nanofluid in a double-lid driven convergent cavity. The Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) was used to solve the discretized system. The numerical results are illustrated through the flow, temperature, and local entropy generation fields. The study highlights the impact of several parameters, such as the Reynolds number (Re) (ranging from 1 to 100) for a Richardson number (Ri= 20), the Hartmann number (Ha) (ranging from 0 to 80), and the solid volume fraction (ϕ) (ranging from 0 to 0.04). The results show that both the total entropy generation and the average Nusselt number increases with the Reynolds number but decrease with increasing Hartmann number. Moreover, the numerical results show a significant increase in both the average Nusselt number and the total entropy generation with increasing nanoparticle volume fraction and Rayleigh number. Conversely, the Hartmann number exhibits an opposing effect, reducing both heat transfer and total entropy generation, with reductions of 30.18% and 32.15%, respectively, when Ha increases from 0 to 80. The findings of this study have significant applications in optimizing thermal management systems, such as cooling of electronic devices, energy-efficient HVAC systems, and industrial processes involving heat transfer enhancement.