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Narlx Two-Component Signaling System as a Key Mechanism of Bacterial Adaptation

Klaudia Musiał

Klaudia Musiał

Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of BiologyKielce, Poland
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Musiał, Klaudia
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Dawid Gmiter

Dawid Gmiter

University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of MicrobiologyWarszawa,
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Gmiter, Dawid
  
08 lug 2025
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Categoria dell'articolo: Mini - Review
Pubblicato online: 08 lug 2025
Pagine: 63 - 73
Ricevuto: 24 feb 2025
Accettato: 28 mag 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/am-2025-0006
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© 2025 Klaudia Musiał et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

The general mechanism of action of two-component regulatory systems.
The general mechanism of action of two-component regulatory systems.

Figure 2.

The general mechanism of action nar nitrate reductase and nitrate/nitrite antiporter NarK.
The general mechanism of action nar nitrate reductase and nitrate/nitrite antiporter NarK.

Figure 3.

Comparative nitrogen metabolism pathways in E. coli and P. aeruginosa. This schematic illustrates the assimilation and dissimilation of nitrogen pathways in E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The rectangles colour-coded according to the bacteria indicate the enzymes involved in the processes. Orange represents those present in E. coli, while green indicates enzymes found in P. aeruginosa. Those shared by both organisms are shown as split-coloured boxes.
Comparative nitrogen metabolism pathways in E. coli and P. aeruginosa. This schematic illustrates the assimilation and dissimilation of nitrogen pathways in E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The rectangles colour-coded according to the bacteria indicate the enzymes involved in the processes. Orange represents those present in E. coli, while green indicates enzymes found in P. aeruginosa. Those shared by both organisms are shown as split-coloured boxes.

NarXL-regulated operons in E_ coli associated with anaerobic metabolism and response to the presence of nitrate_

Genes Regulation Function Source
adhE Repression Bifunctional aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenase (Membrillo-Hernández and Lin 1999)
aspA Repression Aspartate ammonia-lyase (Goh et al. 2005)
caiF Repression Transcriptional activatory protein (Eichler et al. 1996)
dcuB-fumB Repression Anaerobic C4-dicarboxylate transporter/Fumarate hydratase class I, anaerobic (Golby et al. 1998)
dcuSR Repression TCS responding to external C4-dicarboxylates (Goh et al. 2005)
dmsABC Repression DMSO/TMAO reductase, anaerobic (Bearson et al. 2002)
fdnGHI Activation Formate dehydrogenase-N (Li et al. 1994)
focA-pflBA Repression Formate channel/pyruvate-formate lyase (Kaiser and Sawers 1995)
frdABCD Repression Fumarate reductase (Li et al. 1994)
hyaABCDEF Repression Hydrogenase 1 (Richard et al. 1999)
hybOABCDEFG Repression Hydrogenase-2 (Richard et al. 1999)
napFDAGHBC Repression Periplasmic nitrate reductase (Stewart et al. 2003)
nirB Activation Nitrite reductase (NADH) large subunit (Tyson et al. 1994)
nrfABCDEFG Activation Formate-dependent nitrate reductase (Tyson et al. 1994)
nuoABCEFGH-IJKLMN Activation Respiratory complex I (Bongaerts et al. 1995)
yeaR-yoaG Activation Unknown (Lin et al. 2007)
ynfEFGHI Repression Putative dimethyl sulfoxide reductase chain (Xu et al. 2009)
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Inglese, Polacco
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Scienze biologiche, Microbiologia e virologia
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