The Role of Gut Microbiota in Obesity

Current research regarding the use of probiotics in body mass reduction
Bifidobacterium infantis, L. acidofilus^H	(Chang et al. 2011)
L. acidophilus in combination with L. casei and Bifidobacterium^H	(Hadi et al. 2019)
Akkermansia muciniphila^H	(Depommier et al. 2019)
L. curvatus HY7601, L. plantarum KY1032^H	(Jung et al. 2015)
Pediococcus pentosaceus LP28	(Zhao et al. 2012)^M
L. casei, L. gasseri, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum^M	(Ejtahed et al. 2019)
Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium bifidum were given in combination with isoflavones^M	(Ali et al. 2004)

Species of bacteria FIRMICUTES (examples)	Species of bacteria BACTEROIDETES (examples)
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii	Bacteroides fragilis
Clostridium spp.	Bacteroides vulgaris
Roseburia intestinalis	Bacteroides uniformis
Blautia obeum	Prevotella spp.
Lactobacillus reuteri	Alistipes finegoldii
Enterococcus faecium	Parabacteroides distasonis
Staphylococcus leei

Gut microbiota corresponding with obesity/overweight	Ref	Gut microbiota in normal BMI	Ref
Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio increased	(Turnbaugh et al. 2006)	Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila reduced body weight	(Depommier etal. 2019)
Lower level of two species from the family Rikenellaceae, Alistipes finegoldii and Alistipes senegalensis	(Zhernakova et al. 2016)	Increased levels of Bifidobacterium animals, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum	(Million et al. 2012)
Reduced level of Methanobrevibacter smithii	(Million et al. 2012)	Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium showed results in reducing body weight	(Álvarez-Arraño et al. 2021)
Higher levels of Lactobacillus reuteri	(Million etal. 2012)	Bifidobacterium infantis, L. acidofilus reducing body weight	(Chang et al. 2011)

Source	No. of subjects	Study subject	Duration	Bacteria	Delta weight
1. Depommier et al. (2019)	32	Human	3 months	Akkermansia muciniphila	–2,27 kg +/– 0,92 kg
2. Jung et al. (2015)	120	Human	12 weeks	Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601, Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032	–0,65 kg +/– 0,23 kg
3. Andersson et al. (2010)	20	Mice	20 weeks	Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313	+21,5 g +/– 1,1 g
4. Chang et al. (2011)	101	Human	8 weeks	mixture of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium infantis and extra-ingredients containing Bifidobacterium breve (CBG-C2), Enterococcus faecalis FK-23	–0,24 kg +/– 1,5 kg
5. Yin et al. (2010)	48	Rats	6 weeks	Bifidobasteria M13 –4	+51,72 g
6. Hadi et al. (2019)	60	Human	8 weeks	Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum + inulina	–4,01 +/– 4,05 kg