Accesso libero

Influence of number of visitors and weather conditions on airborne particulate matter mass concentrations at the Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia during summer and autumn

Zvjezdana Bencetić Klaić
Zvjezdana Bencetić Klaić
, 
Manuel Andres Leiva-Guzmán
Manuel Andres Leiva-Guzmán
 e 
Andrijana Brozinčević
Andrijana Brozinčević
   | 07 apr 2022
Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology's Cover Image
INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO
Articolo precedente
Articolo Successivo
Cita
Article Category: Original article
Pubblicato online: 07 apr 2022
Pagine: 1 - 14
Ricevuto: 01 nov 2021
Accettato: 01 mar 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3610
© 2022 Zvjezdana Bencetić Klaić, Manuel Andres Leiva-Guzmán, Andrijana Brozinčević, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Position of Plitvice Lakes National Park (red bubble in a small figure), outdoor PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 measurement site indicated with the letter O (φ=44.8811°N, λ=15.6197°E, 579 m ASL) near the trackless train station (V) and indoor measuring site (I). D1 denotes the Karlovac-Split state road [Sources: Google Maps (upper left panel) and Bing Maps (big panel)]
Position of Plitvice Lakes National Park (red bubble in a small figure), outdoor PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 measurement site indicated with the letter O (φ=44.8811°N, λ=15.6197°E, 579 m ASL) near the trackless train station (V) and indoor measuring site (I). D1 denotes the Karlovac-Split state road [Sources: Google Maps (upper left panel) and Bing Maps (big panel)]

Figure 2

PM mass concentrations measured with aerosol monitors at the outdoor (out) and indoor (in) site (see map in Figure 1)
PM mass concentrations measured with aerosol monitors at the outdoor (out) and indoor (in) site (see map in Figure 1)

Figure 3

Daily number of visitors (in thousands), precipitation (P, cm), mean air temperature (tair), and wind speed (v) multiplied by 4 (top) and comparison of hourly our outdoor measurement with Network measurements (centre) and the difference between daily mean outdoor and Network concentrations (bottom)
Daily number of visitors (in thousands), precipitation (P, cm), mean air temperature (tair), and wind speed (v) multiplied by 4 (top) and comparison of hourly our outdoor measurement with Network measurements (centre) and the difference between daily mean outdoor and Network concentrations (bottom)

Figure 4

The relationship between hourly mean PM1 concentrations and concurrent weather variables. The horizontal line within a box shows the median, and the bottom and the top of the box correspond to the 25th and 75th percentile, respectively. Horizontal bars (whiskers) show the most extreme data points that are not considered outliers, that is, values that are less than 1.5 times the interquartile range away from the top or bottom of the box.
The relationship between hourly mean PM1 concentrations and concurrent weather variables. The horizontal line within a box shows the median, and the bottom and the top of the box correspond to the 25th and 75th percentile, respectively. Horizontal bars (whiskers) show the most extreme data points that are not considered outliers, that is, values that are less than 1.5 times the interquartile range away from the top or bottom of the box.

Figure 5

Dependence of daily mean PM1 concentrations on number of visitors, diurnal and weekly variations of hourly mean PM1 concentrations, and weekly variation of number of visitors. Hours correspond to local standard time (LST)
Dependence of daily mean PM1 concentrations on number of visitors, diurnal and weekly variations of hourly mean PM1 concentrations, and weekly variation of number of visitors. Hours correspond to local standard time (LST)

Figure 6

Bivariate polar plots for hourly mean indoor and outdoor PM levels. Grey circles correspond to single case of particular combination of corresponding wind and concentration data. Conc. – PM concentration in μg/m3; WS – wind speed (m/s)
Bivariate polar plots for hourly mean indoor and outdoor PM levels. Grey circles correspond to single case of particular combination of corresponding wind and concentration data. Conc. – PM concentration in μg/m3; WS – wind speed (m/s)

Figure 7

Bivariate polar plots for PM concentration ratios (legend to the right). Grey circles correspond to single case of particular combination of corresponding wind and concentration data. WS – wind speed (m/s)
Bivariate polar plots for PM concentration ratios (legend to the right). Grey circles correspond to single case of particular combination of corresponding wind and concentration data. WS – wind speed (m/s)

Figure 8

Dependence of hourly mean PM fraction ratios on meteorological variables and number of visitors for investigated period (from 7 July to 4 November 2018). Counts – absolute frequencies of x, y pair values
Dependence of hourly mean PM fraction ratios on meteorological variables and number of visitors for investigated period (from 7 July to 4 November 2018). Counts – absolute frequencies of x, y pair values

Figure 9

Power spectral densities (PSDs) for hourly indoor (top) and outdoor (bottom) PM1 time series. Frequency (f) is shown in 1/h. Central thin lines show PSDs and coloured areas 95 % confidence inter vals. Vertical full lines correspond to 24-hour periods, while cor responding higher harmonics are separated by dashed, dash-dotted, and dotted lines for 12, 8, and 6 h, respectively. WL – window length
Power spectral densities (PSDs) for hourly indoor (top) and outdoor (bottom) PM1 time series. Frequency (f) is shown in 1/h. Central thin lines show PSDs and coloured areas 95 % confidence inter vals. Vertical full lines correspond to 24-hour periods, while cor responding higher harmonics are separated by dashed, dash-dotted, and dotted lines for 12, 8, and 6 h, respectively. WL – window length

Figure 10

Power spectral densities (PSDs) for 6-min mean PM1 indoor (top) and 3-min mean PM10 outdoor (bottom) time series. Frequency (f) is shown in 1/min. Central thin lines show mean PSDs and coloured areas 95 % confidence intervals. WL – window length
Power spectral densities (PSDs) for 6-min mean PM1 indoor (top) and 3-min mean PM10 outdoor (bottom) time series. Frequency (f) is shown in 1/min. Central thin lines show mean PSDs and coloured areas 95 % confidence intervals. WL – window length

Daily summer and autumn indoor and outdoor PM mass concentrations measured at our outdoor and indoor site and at the Network site

Indoor PM1 (µg/m3) Outdoor PM1 (µg/m3) Outdoor PM2.5 (µg/m3) Network PM2.5 (µg/m3) Outdoor PM10 (µg/m3) Network PM10 (µg/m3) Visitors (N)
Sampling height (AGL) 2 m 1.7 m 1.7 m 4 m 1.7 m 4 m
Sampling time 6 min 1 h avg. 3 min 1 h avg. 3 min 1 h avg. 1 h 3 min 1 h avg. 1 h 24 h
Mean+SD 9.9±3.7 9.9±3.6 19.3±8.6 19.4±8.5 22.9±10.3 23.0±10.1 8.6±6.2 28.6±12.4 28.8±12.2 14.5±9.4 9063±3691
Min 4.4 4.4 4.0 6.5 4.5 7.5 0.0 6.6 10.1 0.1 1870
Max 52.2 26.3 137.1 57.9 172.2 69.1 40.0 219.1 83.9 60.6 18722
eISSN:
1848-6312
Lingue:
Inglese, Slovenian
Frequenza di pubblicazione:
4 volte all'anno
Argomenti della rivista:
Medicine, Basic Medical Science, other
Feed RSS della rivista