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Radium interference during radon measurements in water: comparison of one- and two-phase liquid scintillation counting

Ivana Stojković
Ivana Stojković
, 
Nataša Todorović
Nataša Todorović
 e 
Jovana Nikolov
Jovana Nikolov
   | 28 set 2021
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Article Category: Original article
Pubblicato online: 28 set 2021
Pagine: 205 - 215
Ricevuto: 01 ago 2020
Accettato: 01 set 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3480
© 2021 Ivana Stojković, Nataša Todorović, and Jovana Nikolov, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

CF dependence on PSA value across its range (samples prepared with the Ultima Gold AB cocktail and spiked with different 226Ra activities)
CF dependence on PSA value across its range (samples prepared with the Ultima Gold AB cocktail and spiked with different 226Ra activities)

Figure 2

Accuracy of LSC methods for 222Rn measurement in non-spiked Niška Banja spa water. A0 – baseline activity measured 5 h after the samples were prepared and corrected for decay over this time
Accuracy of LSC methods for 222Rn measurement in non-spiked Niška Banja spa water. A0 – baseline activity measured 5 h after the samples were prepared and corrected for decay over this time

Figure 3

Generated spectra with the four scintillation cocktails in non-spiked spa water sample at baseline (red) and samples spiked with the lowest 226Ra activity concentration (79 Bq/L) on days 5 (green), 11 (brown), 31 (blue), and 64 (black). a) Mineral Oil, original ROI: 725–875, expanded ROI: 625–875 ch; b) Opti-Fluor O, original ROI: 760–910 ch, expanded ROI: 650–910 ch; c) Ultima Gold F, original ROI: 830–970 ch, expanded ROI: 730–970 ch; d) Ultima Gold AB, original ROI: 600–790 ch, expanded ROI: 430–790 ch; ROI – region of interest
Generated spectra with the four scintillation cocktails in non-spiked spa water sample at baseline (red) and samples spiked with the lowest 226Ra activity concentration (79 Bq/L) on days 5 (green), 11 (brown), 31 (blue), and 64 (black). a) Mineral Oil, original ROI: 725–875, expanded ROI: 625–875 ch; b) Opti-Fluor O, original ROI: 760–910 ch, expanded ROI: 650–910 ch; c) Ultima Gold F, original ROI: 830–970 ch, expanded ROI: 730–970 ch; d) Ultima Gold AB, original ROI: 600–790 ch, expanded ROI: 430–790 ch; ROI – region of interest

222Rn activity in one-phase samples with Ultima Gold AB

Ultima Gold AB ROI: 430-790 ch Spiked with A(226Ra)=79.34 Bq/L Spiked with A(226Ra)=396.7 Bq/L Spiked with A(226Ra)=793.4 Bq/L
Days after sampling 4.60 4.69 4.77
Theoretical A(222Rn) (Bq/L)* 168(±5) 166(±5) 163(±5)
Measured A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 216(±5) 441(±11) 723(±18)
Asampling (222Rn) (Bq/day** L) corrected on the 498(±13) 1031(±26) 1718(±42)
2nd Days after sampling 10.85 10.94 11.00
Theoretical A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 54.2(±1.5) 53.4(±1.5) 52.6(±1.5)
Measured A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 130(±3) 442(±11) 838(±21)
3rd Days after sampling 31.1 31.2 31.2
Theoretical A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 1.39(±0.04) 1.37(±0.04) 1.35(±0.04)
Measured A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 88.16(±0.23) 430(±11) 863(±21)
4th Days after sampling 63.9 63.9 64.0
Theoretical A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 0.00365(±0.00010) 0.00359(±0.00010) 0.00354(±0.00010)
Measured A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 87.6(±2.3) 425(±11) 842(±21)

222Rn activity in two-phase samples with Opti-Fluor O

Opti-Fluor O ROI: 650-910 ch Spiked with A(226Ra)=79.34 Bq/L Spiked with A(226Ra)=396.7 Bq/L Spiked with A(226Ra)=793.4 Bq/L
Days after sampling 5.15 5.19 5.23
Theoretical (Bq/L)* A(222Rn) 203(±6) 201(±5) 200(±5)
Measured A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 260(±7) 366(±9) 394(±10)
Aon (222the Rn) sampling (Bq/L) corrected day** 661(±17) 937(±24) 1016(±26)
2nd Days after sampling 11.40 11.44 11.48
Theoretical A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 65.3(±1.8) 64.8(±1.8) 64.3(±1.7)
Measured A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 140(±4) 171(±5) 206(±5)
3rd Days after sampling 31.6 31.7 31.7
Theoretical A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 1.67(±0.05) 1.66(±0.05) 1.64(±0.04)
Measured A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 85.6(±2.4) 68.0(±2.0) 127(±3)
4th Days after sampling 64.4 64.4 64.5
Theoretical A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 0.00439(±0.00012) 0.00436(±0.00012) 0.00432(±0.00012)
Measured A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 66.3(±1.9) 67.9(±2.0) 130(±4)

222Rn activity in two-phase samples with Mineral Oil Scintillator

Mineral Oil Scintillator ROI: 625-875 ch Spiked with A(226Ra)=79.34 Bq/L Spiked with A(226Ra)=396.7 Bq/L Spiked with A(226Ra)=793.4 Bq/L
Days after sampling 4.83 4.92 5
Theoretical A(222Rn) (Bq/L)* 221(±4) 218(±4) 215(±4)
Measured A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 286(±4) 414(±6) 441(±6)
A(222Rn) sampling (Bq/L) corrected day** on the 688(±9) 1010(±13) 1092(±14)
2nd Days after sampling 11.08 11.17 11.25
Theoretical A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 71.2(±1.2) 70.2(±1.2) 69.1(±1.2)
Measured A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 154.2(±2.3) 204(±3) 243(±3)
3rd Days after sampling 31.3 31.4 31.5
Theoretical A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 1.82(±0.03) 1.79(±0.03) 1.77(±0.03)
Measured A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 93.0(±1.6) 85.5(±1.5) 161.7(±2.4)
4rd Days after sampling 64.1 64.2 64.2
Theoretical A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 0.00479(±0.00008) 0.00472(±0.00008) 0.00465(±0.00008)
Measured A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 88.8(±1.5) 74.9(±1.4) 153.0(±2.3)

222Rn activity in two-phase samples with Ultima Gold F

Ultima Gold F ROI: 730-970 ch Spiked with A(226Ra)=79.34 Bq/L Spiked with A(226Ra)=396.7 Bq/L Spiked with A(226Ra)=793.4 Bq/L
Days after sampling 5.04 5.08 5.13
Theoretical A(222Rn) (Bq/L)* 183(±3) 182(±3) 180(±3)
Measured A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 277(±5) 387(±7) 415(±7)
Asampling (222Rn) (Bq/day** L) corrected on the 691(±12) 973(±16) 1051(±18)
2nd Days after sampling 11.29 11.33 11.38
Theoretical A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 59.0(±1.0) 58.6(±1.0) 58.1(±1.0)
Measured A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 154.2(±2.8) 203(±4) 210(±4)
3rd Days after sampling 31.5 31.5 31.6
Theoretical A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 1.514(±0.027) 1.503(±0.026) 1.492(±0.026)
Measured A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 89.9(±1.8) 99.4(±1.9) 113.6(±2.2)
4th Days after sampling 64.3 64.3 64.4
Theoretical A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 0.00397(±0.00007) 0.00394(±0.00007) 0.00391(±0.00007)
Measured A(222Rn) (Bq/L) 87.1(±1.7) 91.7(±1.8) 100.4(±1.9)
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