<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Acute leukemias are the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in children. Acute leukemias constitute a heterogeneous group of cancers resulting from clonal outgrowth and accumulation of immature precursor cells of different hematologic lineages. Cancerous transformation begins with disruption of cell maturation mechanisms triggered by particular environmental or endogenic factors, including innate and acquired immunodeficiencies as well as autoimmune diseases.</p>
<p>Research in the field of acute leukemias has revealed many possible genetic abnormalities in leukemic cells, including both structural and numerical aberrations. The former can produce some particular fusion genes, yielding fusion protein products which can have an oncogenic potential in hematopoietic cells. Some of them, including translocations resulting in fusion product formation <italic>BCR-ABL1</italic> and different fusion products involving the <italic>KMT2A</italic> gene, are markers of adverse prognosis, whereas numerical aberrations with high hyperdiploidy and chromosome number exceeding 51 are markers of favorable prognosis. Detection of these aberrations already has a well-grounded clinical significance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and plays an important role in patient risk stratification. The appearance of particular genetic changes often correlates with the expression of certain markers on the surface of leukemic cells. Determination of expression or lack of specific antigens, that is, immunophenotyping, is possible with the use of the flow cytometry technique. Flow cytometry is currently considered as a fast and broadly available technique which can provide clinically useful information in a relatively short time after biological specimen collection. Flow cytometry also enables appropriate classification of acute leukemias.</p>
</abstract>

Acute leukemias are the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in children. Acute leukemias constitute a heterogeneous group of cancers resulting from clonal outgrowth and accumulation of immature precursor cells of different hematologic lineages. Cancerous transformation begins with disruption of cell maturation mechanisms triggered by particular environmental or endogenic factors, including innate and acquired immunodeficiencies as well as autoimmune diseases.
Research in the field of acute leukemias has revealed many possible genetic abnormalities in leukemic cells, including both structural and numerical aberrations. The former can produce some particular fusion genes, yielding fusion protein products which can have an oncogenic potential in hematopoietic cells. Some of them, including translocations resulting in fusion product formation BCR-ABL1 and different fusion products involving the KMT2A gene, are markers of adverse prognosis, whereas numerical aberrations with high hyperdiploidy and chromosome number exceeding 51 are markers of favorable prognosis. Detection of these aberrations already has a well-grounded clinical significance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and plays an important role in patient risk stratification. The appearance of particular genetic changes often correlates with the expression of certain markers on the surface of leukemic cells. Determination of expression or lack of specific antigens, that is, immunophenotyping, is possible with the use of the flow cytometry technique. Flow cytometry is currently considered as a fast and broadly available technique which can provide clinically useful information in a relatively short time after biological specimen collection. Flow cytometry also enables appropriate classification of acute leukemias.

Genetic and immunophenotypic diversity of acute leukemias in children

Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Medical University of Silesia in Katowice

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Genetic and immunophenotypic diversity of acute leukemias in children"}

Acute leukemias are the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in children. Acute leukemias constitute a heterogeneous group of cancers resulting from clonal...

Genetic and immunophenotypic diversity of acute leukemias in children

Article Category: Review

Pubblicato online: 12 set 2022

Pagine: 369 - 379

Ricevuto: 04 gen 2022

Accettato: 26 mag 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0049

Parole chiave
acute leukemia, children, DNA index, aneuploidy, prognostic factor, immunophenotype

© 2022 Magdalena Pierzyna-Świtała et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Genetic and immunophenotypic diversity of acute leukemias in children

Article Category: Review

Pubblicato online: 12 set 2022

Pagine: 369 - 379

Ricevuto: 04 gen 2022

Accettato: 26 mag 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0049

Parole chiaveacute leukemia, children, DNA index, aneuploidy, prognostic factor, immunophenotype

© 2022 Magdalena Pierzyna-Świtała et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Parole chiave
acute leukemia, children, DNA index, aneuploidy, prognostic factor, immunophenotype